CN105051975B - 用于双频带定向天线的低频带反射器 - Google Patents

用于双频带定向天线的低频带反射器 Download PDF

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CN105051975B
CN105051975B CN201480015806.6A CN201480015806A CN105051975B CN 105051975 B CN105051975 B CN 105051975B CN 201480015806 A CN201480015806 A CN 201480015806A CN 105051975 B CN105051975 B CN 105051975B
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frequency band
low
frequency
reflector element
band reflector
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CN105051975A (zh
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伯纳德·巴伦
介-京·林
维克托·施特伦
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Arris Enterprises LLC
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Keen Trend LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
    • H01Q19/32—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements the primary active element being end-fed and elongated
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

一种双频带定向天线，其具有低频带反射器，低频带反射器在低频带中形成期望的天线方向图同时对较高频带保持透明。由于这样的频率透明，较低频带中的方向图改变不影响较高频带频率中的方向图。

Description

用于双频带定向天线的低频带反射器
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2013年3月15日提交的申请号为61/800,854的美国临时申请的优先权。上述申请的公开内容通过引用合并在本文中。
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及双频带定向天线。更具体地，本发明涉及在高频带方向图和低频带方向图之间切换的反射器。
背景技术
使用单个馈送(single feed)提供双频带覆盖(例如，2.4GHz和5.0GHz)的天线是常见的。然而，对使用具有反射寄生元件的通常可用的天线在这些频带之一中形成方向图的尝试经常会引起另一频带的方向图的不需要的改变。这种改变使两个频带中的同时进行的操作变得复杂。
更具体地，较低频带反射器中的改变容易影响较高频带方向图中的方向图。高频带反射器中的改变通常不会影响低频带方向图，因为相对于低频带的波长，高频带反射器更短。因此，较低频率的频带方向图不受影响。但是，只有当高频带和低频带之间的频率比足够大(例如，频率比为2：1或更大)时才是如此。当高频带和低频带之间的频率比不足够大(例如，小于2：1)时，高频带可能干扰低频带操作。
本领域存在对于允许同时在高频带和低频带中工作的双频带定向天线的需要。更具体地，存在对以下双频带定向天线的需要：该双频带定向天线具有在对高频带保持透明的同时在低频形成期望的方向图的低频带反射器，使得高频方向图不受其他不利影响。
附图说明
图1图示了示例性曲折线反射器；
图2图示了包括多个堆叠的水平传输线的示例性曲折线反射器；以及
图3图示了曲折线反射器中使用的示例性等效电路。
发明内容
本发明的实施例提供了一种具有低频带反射器的双频带定向天线，低频带反射器在低频带形成期望的天线方向图，同时对较高频带保持透明。由于这样的频率透明，较低频带的方向图变化不影响较高频带频率的方向图。如本文所使用的，对于反射器，透明指一个频带(例如，低频带)中的反射器对另一频带(例如，高频带)的方向图不可见，或不会以其他方式影响另一频带的方向图。
本发明的实施例使用低频反射器而不是接地面槽或诸如电感调谐短反射器的其他低效率的反射器。目前公开的天线系统的实施例允许具有最小化硬件成本且不牺牲两个频带中的任何一个频带的方向图带宽、峰值增益或前后比的双频带独立方向图操纵。与两个分立的智能天线系统相反，双频带阵列的使用可以导致尺寸减小和硬件成本减少。在给定的射频(RF)环境中也可以支持附加的射频链路。
具体实施方式
本发明的实施例涉及在低频带对用于双频带定向天线的反射器的使用，使得反射器形成期望的方向图，而且还在高频带保持透明，从而避免对该频带中的方向图造成不需要的或其它不期望的改变。
虽然参考2.4GHz和5.0GHz范围内的操作，但是对于双频带天线的操作，这些参考是示例性的。将理解的是，本文所描述的双频带定向天线可以在任何合适的频带中工作，这些合适的频带可以包括2.4GHz或5.0GHz频带或任何其他合适的频带。本发明的实施例允许具有双频带驱动元件和要接通和断开的受切换的高频带和低频带反射器的双频带定向天线，并且低频带反射器不会干扰高频带方向图。
在一些实施例中，定向天线系统包括双频带驱动元件、相对于双频带驱动元件布置的高频带反射器以及相对于双频带驱动元件布置的低频带反射器元件。低频带反射器元件可以包括曲折线，例如下面所描述的图1的曲折线100或图2的曲折线200。
图1图示了示例性曲折线100。在一些实施例中，曲折线100可以作为金属薄板部件在印刷电路板(PCB)上实现为电介质基板上的迹线，或者能够由诸如铜导体的弯曲管或电线来构造。曲折线100包括曲折馈送105、由高度为hvert 150的竖直部分165连接的传输线160和接地面110。在一些实施例中，可以在定向天线系统的低频带反射器元件中实现曲折线100。
用于接地面(即，接地面110)上的定向天线的反射器通常高度大约为λ/4，其中λ表示波长。在一些实施例中，当存在对反射器高度的限制时，实施曲折线100(即，具有曲折线100的低频带反射器)。例如，示出为135的可用高度h可以小于λ/4。因此，曲折线可以允许以空间狭窄形态因素，特别是关于对高度h 135的限制来实施双频带定向天线。在一些实施例中，特别配置的曲折线反射器100可以被特别地配置，使得曲折线反射器100可以被用于缩短低频带反射器，同时使其对高频带频率透明。
图2图示了曲折线200。在一些实施例中，曲折线200与图1的曲折线100类似。曲折线200包括曲折馈送210。曲折线200包括水平堆叠的短路传输线280，它们由短竖直部分220连接，每个竖直部分220具有例如图1中示出为150的hvert所表示的竖直高度。在图2中示出为230、240、250和260(也在图1中示出为115、120、125和130)的“a”点和“b”点然后是“c”点和“d”点之间可见的电抗由等式1给出：
(1) Xn＝Z0·tan(2πltr/λ)，
其中，ltr表示传输线290的电气长度，λ表示波长，Xn表示在频率F下第n个传输线的电抗。频率F由F＝c/λ给出，其中，c表示在传输介质中的传播速度。
波长λ根据频率F变化，如等式2a和等式2b所示：
(2a) λ高＝c/F高
(2b) λ低＝c/F低
如本文所使用的，Z0表示传输线的特性阻抗。Z0是图1中示出为155的参数w、图1中示出为145和图2中示出为270的sptr以及材料的介电常数的函数，包括曲折线200的低频带反射器元件被浸没在该材料中。
图3图示了在曲折线中使用的示例性等效电路300。在一些实施例中，可以用图1的曲折线100或图2的曲折线200来实现等效电路300。等效电路300包括馈送310和接地面320。等效电路300被图示为包括电阻器360和任何数量的电感器，其中示例性的电感器“x1”、“x2”和“x3”分别被示出为330、340和350。第n个传输线Xn的电抗值在高频带频率和低频带频率下可以是不同的。为了使反射器在高频带透明，可以根据等式3调整传输线的电气长度ltr(例如，图2的ltr 290和图1的ltr 140)：
(3) (2πltr/λ高)＝90
如果不是理论上无限大的话，根据等式3调节传输线的长度导致很大的电抗Xn。由于在反射器中没有电流流动，所以反射器对高频带辐射透明。在低频带，Xn用如等式2b中定义的λ＝λ低来由等式1给出。通过调节竖直部分的数量和图1中示出为150的参数hvert，能够将反射器调谐至在低频带谐振。
虽然前述反射器实现被描述为单个实例，但是可以实现多个反射器以创建反射器阵列。例如可以相对于2GHz和5GHz反射器实现来布置双频带驱动元件。该反射器实现的另外的实例可以被设置在双频带驱动元件的周围，以允许形成沿不同方向的多个波束，例如，沿一个方向的2GHz波束，沿不同方向的5GHz波束。
出于图示和描述的目的，已经提供了前面的详细描述。前面的详细描述不是意在穷举或限制本发明的实施例，因为按照上述教导修改和变化是可能的并且是可被设想的。选择了所描述的实施例以最佳地说明本技术的原理及其实际应用，从而允许本领域技术人员理解如何实现该技术。

Claims (14)

1.一种定向天线系统，所述系统包括：
双频带驱动元件，其中，所述双频带驱动器元件同时在两个频带中工作；
相对于所述双频带驱动元件布置的高频带反射器；以及
相对于所述双频带驱动元件布置的低频带反射器元件，其中，所述低频带反射器元件包括曲折线，所述曲折线包括由竖直部分连接的多个水平堆叠的短路传输线，每个竖直部分具有竖直高度使得所述低频带反射器被调谐至谐振；
其中，所述多个水平堆叠的短路传输线具有调整过的电气长度，以使得所述低频带反射器元件对高频带辐射透明。
2.根据权利要求1所述的定向天线系统，其中，所述双频带驱动元件同时在2.4GHz和5.0GHz工作。
3.根据权利要求1所述的定向天线系统，其中，所述调整过的电气长度被设置成使得所述低频带反射器元件对由所述高频带反射器元件发射的所述天线方向图透明。
4.根据权利要求1所述的定向天线系统，其中，所述低频带反射器元件对由所述高频带反射器元件发射的天线方向图透明。
5.根据权利要求4所述的定向天线系统，其中，所述低频带反射器元件能够在不干扰由所述高频带反射器元件发射的所述天线方向图的情况下被接通和断开。
6.根据权利要求4所述的定向天线系统，其中，由所述高频带反射器元件发射的所述天线方向图不受所述低频带反射器元件影响。
7.根据权利要求1所述的定向天线系统，还包括：
相对于所述双频带驱动元件布置的第二高频带反射器元件；以及
相对于所述双频带驱动元件布置的第二低频带反射器元件，所述第二低频带反射器元件具有曲折线。
8.一种用于在定向天线系统中实现天线方向图的方法，所述方法包括：
在相对于驱动双频带元件布置的高频带反射器元件处生成天线方向图，所述驱动双频带元件同时在两个频带中工作；以及
在相对于所述驱动双频带元件布置的低频带反射器元件处生成天线方向图，其中，所述低频带反射器具有曲折线，所述曲折线包括由竖直部分连接的多个水平堆叠的短路传输线，每个竖直部分具有竖直高度使得所述低频带反射器元件被调谐至谐振；
其中，所述多个水平堆叠的短路传输线具有调整过的电气长度，以使得所述低频带反射器元件对高频带辐射透明。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述双频带驱动元件同时在2.4GHz和5.0GHz工作。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述调整过电气长度被设置成使得所述低频带反射器元件对由所述高频带反射器元件发射的所述天线方向图透明。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述低频带反射器元件对由所述高频带反射器元件发射的所述天线方向图透明。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述低频带反射器元件能够在不干扰由所述高频带反射器元件发射的所述天线方向图的情况下被接通和断开。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，由所述高频带反射器元件发射的所述天线方向图不受所述低频带反射器元件影响。
14.根据权利要求8所述的方法，还包括：
在相对于所述双频带驱动元件布置的第二高频带反射器元件处生成天线方向图；以及
在相对于所述双频带驱动元件布置的第二低频带反射器元件处生成天线方向图，所述第二低频带反射器元件具有曲折线。
CN201480015806.6A 2013-03-15 2014-03-17 用于双频带定向天线的低频带反射器 Expired - Fee Related CN105051975B (zh)

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