CN105027995A - Improving and variety changing method for advanced age pear tree - Google Patents
Improving and variety changing method for advanced age pear tree Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105027995A CN105027995A CN201510561984.5A CN201510561984A CN105027995A CN 105027995 A CN105027995 A CN 105027995A CN 201510561984 A CN201510561984 A CN 201510561984A CN 105027995 A CN105027995 A CN 105027995A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- grafting
- scion
- stock
- branch
- year
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 240000001987 Pyrus communis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000141353 Prunus domestica Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035613 defoliation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 23
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 21
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000016261 weight loss Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001504639 Alcedo atthis Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000088401 Pyrus pyrifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001630 Pyrus pyrifolia var culta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011572 Pyrus ussuriensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000003243 Thuja occidentalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019614 sour taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019605 sweet taste sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an improving and variety changing method for an advanced age pear tree. The method includes the following steps that, scions are collected and placed in a nutrient solution to be kept fresh for standby use, the scions are cut flat along smooth faces, and the opposite sides of the two ends of cut faces are cut into inclined faces; a stock is trimmed and grooved; the scions are grafted to main branches or lateral branches of the stock, bundled up through hemp ropes after being grafted and closed through micropore preservative films; conventional clipping management is carried out on the pear tree, stock branches affecting scion growth are removed during winter pruning of the first year, and wound branches of the last year are removed during later winter pruning; the micropore preservative films are broken during a budding period in early spring to expose bud holes, and germinal latent buds are removed in the early spring. According to the grafting method, the influence on scion grafting in the current year is small, the survival rate of the grafted branches is high, the single bud grafting amount is large, and a great deal of manual work can be saved; the grafting method does not affect the pear yield in the next year, and the yield is increased by 31.2% compared with a traditional grafting method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit-tree grafting technical field, a kind of method that particularly advanced age, pear tree reconfiguration changed kind.
Background technology
One of important fruit tree that Li Shi China generally cultivates in north and south, there is cultivation all parts of the country.The fruit of pears contains multiple nutrients material, and except the moisture containing more than 80%, the content of sugar is mostly all more than 8%, and the soluble solid content of some kind can reach more than 15%, the tender and crisp succulence of its pulp, and sweet and sour taste is welcome by consumers in general deeply.Pear tree is very strong to the adaptive capacity of soil, no matter mountain region, hills, sandy wasteland, depression, saline land and red soil, and can growth result.Pears district, various places, north and south of China, the large tree of life in 100 ~ 150 years is a lot, and with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, and some single plant yields can reach more than 1000 ~ 1500 kilograms.The pear tree life-span is long, but along with kind is weeded out the old and bring forth the new on producing, makes Economic Life 12-18.Jiangsu Province's Pear varieties aboundresources, once occurred that pear tree produced heavy output, lightweight in history, the operatic circle inferior quality, and there is seasonal excess phenomenon, still occupy an leading position with old kind, as white crisp pears, pear, Chinese pear, Chi pears, pear with a long stem, Huang Li etc. in the market, these kinds are all kinds of domestic early stage cultivation, its output is higher, but inferior quality, the market competitiveness is weak; The existing market maturing stage is more concentrated, more with middle-late ripening variety, and late August to September, the kind of maturation accounted for more than 80%; Jiangsu Province's fancy fruit comparation and assessment work in recent years accelerates the speed that Pear varieties upgrades, the operatic circle sample participated in evaluation and electing from each producing region, kingfisher is preced with, early summer is green, No. 1, Su Cui, Xizi, a famous beauty in the late Spring and Autumn Period's high-quality early-maturing variety that is green, that like the seed selections in recent years such as Gan Shui and introduction are main, kind quantity increases year by year, and fruit quality improves year by year.Future Development Pear varieties should be market-oriented, according to current pear cultivation situation both at home and abroad, the old kind of developmental limitation is answered in Jiangsu Province, promote excellent new jargonel kind, suppress the seasonal excess phenomenon of pears output, strengthen excellent new varieties promotion efficiency, kind will be changed in time to the kind inferior of tree body stalwartness, the theatre that tree body is weak is eliminated in good time and upgrades.
Kind of the method usually using grafting is changed in the improvement of pear tree, namely take the branch on improved seeds plant or bud grafting to the suitable position of aged pear tree, both are made to combine and generate new plant, in production, kind of a normal employing 1-2 bud racemosus multiple spot side grafting is changed in the improvement of aged pear tree tradition, cut-grafting, insert skin, the high connection of the mixing such as cleft grafting: as generated annual bearer at 6-15, generally to select and remain 1-2 layer 4-5 scaffold limb, carry out height the sprig of side shoot to connect, bud grafting about spacing 50cm, master scion grafting bud height on same plane answers distribution straggly, major branch is higher than side shoot, side shoot is higher than other branches, high budding amount is advisable with 40-60/strain, and life in 20 years tree at above advanced age or old and feeble tree, general without grafting part, therefore, retain the 1/2-1/3 of former master, side shoot, carry out rejuvenating, treat master branch sprouts after indefinite bud under evil and saw kerf sprouts and take out tip lignification, select again suitable position carry out height connect (Wu Xiangzhu. set low level saw advanced age and dryly change kind of a technology, southern china fruit tree, 1996,25(4): 42-43).
Autumn, high connecing often adopted side grafting method, namely splay in the flank portion of stock a cutter, dark 2-3cm, then splays into the smooth flat that 2-3cm is long downwards in the middle part of the back side of scion bud, slightly be with xylem, the inclined-plane of about 1cm is cut in the offside lower end of bevel, then retains outside 1-2 full bud in upper end of buddering and cut off, and the opening part of stock is inserted in the scion of cutting, aim at stock while form layer, frap with grafting membrane, but it is thick to set master branch bark advanced age, operation easier is large.
Spring, high connecing often adopted cut-grafting method, first cut off the top of stock, stay the stub being about 4-5cm, the otch of lower long 2-3cm is vertically cut in this limit place near village again at the xylem of the comparatively level and smooth one side of section, then by side, 0.5cm place, scion bud bottom, the inclined-plane being whittled into 3cm long reaches xylem deeply, the offside of bevel is also splayed in 45 degree, the short bevel of long 1cm, then retain 2-3 complete bud place to cut off in upper end, after stock and scion are cut, scion is inserted in the otch of people's stock, long bevel is inside, make two bevels form layer closely to combine, last again with grafting membrane bag sternly, but set advanced age or old and feeble tree, generally little have suitable grafting part, rejuvenating need be carried out, after treating that tip lignification is taken out in sprouting, select suitable position to carry out height again to connect.
Because pear tree bark at advanced age is slightly thick, and grafting part is few, adopts conventional grafting method loaded down with trivial details consuming time, particularly exists when early stage improvement is changed kind and occurs problems such as yielding poorly, benefit is low.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of simple, saving of labor and do not affect the method that pear tree reconfiguration at advanced age that early stage improvement changes kind of output and economic benefit changes kind, the present invention is achieved in that
Advanced age, a method of planting was changed in pear tree improvement, and concrete steps are as follows:
(1) scion is gathered: 1-6 days before grafting, gathered healthy and strong annotinous branch as scion, be placed in nutrient solution fresh-keeping for subsequent use to mid-October mid-September;
(2) cut scion processed: during grafting, by scion segmentation, defoliation, stay 2-4mm petiole, every section of long 30-50cm of scion; Even surface along scion cuts a plane, and the bevel degree of depth accounts for the 1/4-1/3 of scion diameter, then cuts the inclined-plane of 0.8-1.2cm respectively at the offside at scion bevel two ends;
(3) repair stock: during grafting, select stock major branch or the smooth side of side shoot, remove stock limb Lao Pi with angle grinding machine, according to the straight fluting in the position of place branch, flute length 30-50cm, wide 1-2cm, groove depth to stock phloem top layer, then is repaired with grafting knife;
(4) grafting: the scion position of grafting is selected on stock major branch or side shoot, stock major branch is according to the scion of length grafting 2-3 root, and first scion graft position is apart from stock trunk 20-50cm, and a rear scion grafting is apart from front first scion 20-30cm; Stock lateral-branch grafting distance major branch 10-20cm, and only grafting 1 scion; Select the scion of corresponding length according to tree body slotting length, will cut and make in scion standing groove, inclined-plane, two ends inserts in bark, and the bevel formation layer of more than at least 65% area and stock are slotted and formed layer and align; Tie up at scion two ends and centre with the rope made of hemp after grafting, then with micropore plastic wrap grafting place carry out totally-enclosed tie up tight;
(5) stock management: routine is carried out to pear tree and prunes management, the stock branch affecting scion growth is removed during First Year winter pruning, the stock branch affecting scion growth is removed during First Year winter pruning, stock side shoot rugosity diameter being greater than to 3cm adopts twice facture, namely First Year is carrying out " V " font breach wound at quarter to relax tree vigo(u)r wound apart from side, major branch 5-10cm bottom, wipes out to Second Year again; Wherein, be 3-7cm stock side shoot for rugosity diameter, V " font gap opened width is 2-4cm, breach accounts for side shoot trunk diameter 1/3-1/2 deeply; Rugosity diameter is greater than to the side shoot stock of 7cm, " V " font gap opened is 4-8cm, and breach accounts for side shoot trunk diameter 1/3-1/2 deeply, from excision bark in the middle of " V " font and wooden, opposite side only removes bark simultaneously, retains xylem, and smears carpenter's glue protection wound after processing;
Wound branch last year is removed in Second Year winter pruning, carries out wound at quarter to the side shoot stock branch will removed after grafting;
Wound branch last year is removed in winter pruning in 3rd year, carries out wound at quarter to the major branch stock top branch will removed after grafting;
Wound branch last year is removed in winter pruning in 4th year;
(6) managing after grafting: abolish micropore plastic wrap when early spring, bud was sprouted, expose eye; Early spring prunes wound at stock and removes the kryptoblast sprouted;
Described nutrient solution prescription is: urea 0.1-0.2%; Sucrose 8-12%; Quicklime 1-2%; Carbendazim 10-15%; Surplus is water.
Further, in the present invention, in step (4), micropore plastic wrap thickness is 0.025mm, and micropore size is 0.05 μm.
Further, in the present invention, in step (4), micropore plastic wrap carries out totally-enclosed tying up sternly in grafting place, goes back colligation one deck straw outward at micropore plastic wrap.
Further, in the present invention, in step (1), be placed in that nutrient solution is fresh-keeping for subsequent usely to be referred to: wrapped up by collection branch microporous barrier preservative film, then be immersed in the nutrient solution of dark 5-10cm, in ventilating and cooling place precooling 3-6h, last and nutrient solution is together placed on 3 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C, fresh-keeping for subsequent use in the environment of relative moisture 95% ~ 98%.
Advanced age described in the present invention, pear tree, referred to the Pear Trees with Various Cultivars of more than 20 years.
Grafting method disclosed by the invention is little on grafting scion then impact, and grafting twig survival rate is high, and single bud grafting amount is many, can save a large amount of hand labor; This grafting method is on Second Year pears output without impact, and more traditional reconfiguration improves the output of 31.2%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 scion makes picture.
Grafted branch picture after Fig. 2 grafting.
The thick diameter 3-7cm of Fig. 3 branch relaxes tree vigo(u)r treatment of wounds picture.
The thick diameter of Fig. 4 branch is greater than 7cm and relaxes tree vigo(u)r treatment of wounds picture.
Wherein, 1 bevel offside; 2 bevels; 3 petioles; 4 buds; 5 shoot apex inclined-planes; 6 inclined-plane, branch bottoms; 7 stocks; 8 scion; 9 ropes made of hemp; 10 micropore plastic wraps; 11, " V " font breach.
Embodiment
Description below by way of embodiment is described in further detail the present invention, the method in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is conventional method.
Embodiment 1
To the improvement method for changing of 21 years life " Huanghua Pear " pear trees, comprise the following steps:
(1) grafting time: mid-September, place was in Jiangsu Province Agriculture Science Institute gardening institute resource garden to mid-October.
(2) gather scion: 1-6 days before transferring, gather healthy and strong annotinous branch from elite stand, place in special nutrient fluid for subsequent use; Its component weight percentages proportioning of special nutrient fluid is, urea 0.1-0.2%; Sucrose 8-12%; Quicklime 1-2%; Carbendazim 10-15%; Surplus is water.
(3) scion processed is cut: as shown in Figure 1, by the scion 8 segmentation defoliation gathered, stay the long 2-4mm of petiole 3, every section of long 30-50cm of scion branch, along scion branch smoothly one side be whittled into a relative plane, i.e. bevel 2, bevel 2 is deep to branch xylem, and account for the 1/4-1/3 of scion branch diameter, cut the inclined-plane of 0.8-1.2cm at scion branch bevel two ends, i.e. shoot apex inclined-plane 5 and inclined-plane, branch bottom 6.
(4) stock process: select stock major branch or the slightly smooth side of side shoot, remove stock limb Lao Pi with rechargeable angle grinding machine, determine slotting length 30-50cm according to the position of place stock branch is straight, width is about 1-2cm, groove depth to stock phloem top layer, then is repaired with grafting knife.
(5) grafting: grafting scion 8 position is selected on stock 7 major branch or side shoot, stock major branch is according to the scion of length grafting 2-3 root, first scion graft position is near stock trunk 20-50cm, second scion grafting distance, first scion 20-30cm, the 3rd scion grafting distance second scion 20-30cm; Stock lateral-branch grafting distance major branch 10-20cm, and only grafting 1 scion; Set body slotting length according to stock 7 and select corresponding length scion, place cutting the scion bar made in fluting, shoot apex inclined-plane 5 and inclined-plane, branch bottom 6 all insert in stock bark, and scion bevel formation layer more than 65% and stock are slotted and formed layer and align.
(6) bundle: as shown in Figure 2, with the rope made of hemp 9 at scion 8 two ends and middle tighten, then carry out totally-enclosed tying up sternly with the micropore plastic wrap 10 of PVC material, its its thickness of microporous barrier preservative film is 0.025mm, and preservative film micropore size is 0.05 μm.
(7) supporting technology:
Stock is pruned: directly remove during First Year winter pruning and affect grafting twig growth side shoot, wherein twice process is adopted to carve wound on the 1st year for slightly slightly removing side shoot, 3-7cm side shoot (Fig. 3) as thick in branch, " V " font breach 11 wound at quarter is being carried out from major branch 5-10cm bottom place, opening is 2-4cm, and wound accounts for side shoot trunk diameter 1/3-1/2 deeply; Branch is thick in 7cm side shoot (Fig. 4), " V " font opening at 4-8cm, from excision bark in the middle of " V " font and wooden, wound accounts for side shoot trunk diameter 1/3-1/2 deeply, and second half removes bark, retains xylem, require process wound down, after processing, smear carpenter's glue protection wound;
Wound branch last year is removed in Second Year winter pruning, carries out wound at quarter to grafting side shoot stock branch; Wound branch last year is removed in winter pruning in 3rd year, carries out wound at quarter to grafting major branch stock top branch; Wound branch last year is removed in winter pruning in 4th year;
Grafting mouth is nursed: at the outer colligation one deck straw of micropore plastic wrap, for preventing micropore plastic wrap damaged, wraps up the straw of one deck braiding outside it, can further moisturizing, can also play pre-cold effect in the winter time, in early spring solution tie up straw;
Artificial rupture of membrane: abolish microporous barrier preservative film in time when early spring, bud was sprouted, requires to expose at eye;
Except sprouting: early spring prunes wound at stock and removes the kryptoblast sprouted.The prosperous growth of pinching control will be suitably carried out to the vigorous branch of grafting germination and growth;
Be 0.025mm by its thickness of collection branch micropore plastic wrap, preservative film micropore size is 0.05 μm and wraps up, be immersed in dark 5-10cm nutrient solution and carry out precooling 3-6 hour in ventilating and cooling place, finally be communicated with nutrient solution and together place low temperature 3 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C, carry out fresh-keeping stand-by in relative moisture 95% ~ 98%.
Embodiment 2:
In order to further to the advantage of grafting method of the present invention, adopt simultaneously traditional grafting cleft grafting, side grafting, cortex grafting, cut-grafting multiple spot mixed method reconfiguration compare.
Test is carried out in Jiangsu Province Agriculture Science Institute gardening institute resource garden, yellow soil, middle fertility; Kind is " Huanghua Pear " root seedlings picking, life in 21 years, and primitive root connects stock for " beans pears ", seeding row spacing 4m × 5m, trunk diameter 26cm, and heading height is 50cm, and tree-like is the happy shape of many major branches, beam length 3-4m; Trunk side shoot 3-5, diameter is all greater than more than 6cm, more than height of tree 3.5m.Grafting pear kind is " No. 1, Su Cui ".
Test process is as follows:
Process 1: adopt grafting method in embodiment 1, each trunk graft two, every lateral-branch grafting 1, full tree grafting 12-15 scion;
Process 2: traditional reconfiguration method, adopt cleft grafting, side grafting, cortex grafting, cut-grafting mixing connection, major branch adopts side grafting and cortex grafting, limb rugosity is that 3-4cm adopts cleft grafting, and limb is less than 3cm and adopts cut-grafting method, full tree grafting 45-55 scion;
Process 3: not grafting is set in contrast.Each process 3 strain tree.
Interpretation of result:
2.1 different grafting methods are on the impact of pears graft survival rate and operational effectiveness
To each process grafting 3 strain tree carry out the difference method of transferring carry out statistics add and.As shown in Table 1, adopt 3 strain trees in example 1 to be total to grafting grafting 36 scion, and traditional grafting method 3 strain tree is total to grafting 43+52+38+42=175; Adopt grafting survival rate in example 1 to be 100%, traditional graft survival rate is 356/4=89%; Adopt the average every strain grafting time of grafting in example 1 to be 72-108 minute/people, the average every strain grafting time of traditional grafting method is 176-279 minute/people, and operating efficiency improves more than 145% than traditional grafting method.
The different grafting method of table 1. is on the impact of pears graft survival rate and operating efficiency
2.2 different grafting methods are to scion growth effect
Different grafting method is different to scion growth effect.As shown in Table 2, adopt grafting method in embodiment 1, average single bud grafting amount is 19.8; Be significantly higher than other grafting, its grafting twig survival rate is 85%, with its grafting method without significant difference; Average bud fruiting rate reaches 34%, and other grafting method is without result; Shoot length is lower than other grafting method.
Table 2. different grafting method impact that scion is grown then
Note: with mark after column data different alphabetical person represent significant difference (
p<0.05)
2.3 different grafting management modes are on the impact of output
To after grafting between continuous 3 years different disposal grafting management mode output is investigated.As shown in Table 3, adopt grafting method in process 1(embodiment 1) without significant difference, and adopt traditional its output of reconfiguration method in process 2 significantly to reduce to output the coming year (2013); For the 3rd year (2014) process 1 after reconfiguration, it is 27.2 strains/kg that stock " Huanghua Pear " produces, and process 2 traditional reconfiguration anvils products without output, and process 1 output gross yield and contrast without significant difference, and process 2 traditional grafting renovations significantly lower than process 1 and process 3 contrast; Reconfiguration the 4th year, processing 1 stock output is 0 strain/kg, and after reconfiguration, output " No. 1, Su Cui " contrasts low by 8.2% than process 3, higher by 31.2% than the traditional reconfiguration of process 2.
The different grafting management mode of table 3. is on the impact of output (strain/kilogram)
Note: with mark after column data different alphabetical person represent significant difference (
p<0.05).
Embodiment 3: skill bar fresh-keeping liquid is on the impact of the viablity of scion
Test is carried out in Jiangsu Province Agriculture Science Institute gardening institute resource garden.Scion variety is " No. 1, Su Cui ", and gathered annotinous branch October 8, branch length is 40-50 centimetre, stay 2-4 centimetre of petiole to remove blade, then branch is put into dark 5-10cm embodiment 1 branch special nutrient fluid, contrast is clear water in addition, totally 2 process, during holding chamber is tested.Within continuous 6 days, measure branch weight-loss ratio, got 30 buds at random in the 6th day and carry out bud grafting, check survival rate in the Second Year spring.
Interpretation of result:
3.1 fresh-keeping liquids are to skill bar effect of weightlessness
As shown in Table 4, adopt embodiment 1 Middle nutrition liquid fresh-keeping obvious to branch weight loss influence, along with the prolongation of storage time, each process branch weight-loss ratio all can in rising, and it is obviously slow than contrast clear water to adopt embodiment 1 Middle nutrition liquid weight-loss ratio to rise, when storage the 6th day, weight-loss ratio was 1.08%, reduced 59.7% than contrast clear water.
Table 4 fresh-keeping liquid is to skill bar effect of weightlessness (unit: %)
| Process | 1 day | 2 days | 3 days | 4 days | 5 days | 6 days |
| Embodiment 1 nutrient solution | 0.03 b | 0.16 b | 0.41 b | 0.79 b | 0.92 b | 1.08 b |
| Clear water (contrast) | 0.32 a | 0.81 a | 1.13 a | 1.86 a | 2.41 a | 2.68 a |
Note: with mark after column data different alphabetical person represent significant difference (
p<0.05).
3.2 fresh-keeping liquids are on the impact of skill bar graft survival rate
Autumn to executing example 1 Middle nutrition liquid process skill bar and contrasting as clear water process skill bar, within 6 days, carry out Grafting Experiment in storage, result shows, adopts nutrient solution process branch dowry survival rate to be 97.5%, clear water process skill bar grafting survival is 89.7%, its graft survival rate be significantly higher than clear water process (
p<0.05).
Above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify to technical scheme of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. advanced age, a method of planting was changed in pear tree improvement, and it is characterized in that, concrete steps are as follows:
1) scion is gathered: 1-6 days before grafting, gathered healthy and strong annotinous branch as scion, be placed in nutrient solution fresh-keeping for subsequent use to mid-October mid-September;
2) cut scion processed: during grafting, by scion segmentation, defoliation, stay 2-4mm petiole, every section of long 30-50cm of scion; Even surface along scion cuts a plane, and the bevel degree of depth accounts for the 1/4-1/3 of scion diameter, then cuts the inclined-plane of 0.8-1.2cm respectively at the offside at scion bevel two ends;
3) repair stock: during grafting, select stock major branch or the smooth side of side shoot, remove stock limb Lao Pi with angle grinding machine, according to the straight fluting in the position of place branch, flute length 30-50cm, wide 1-2cm, groove depth to stock phloem top layer, then is repaired with grafting knife;
4) grafting: the scion position of grafting is selected on stock major branch or side shoot, stock major branch is according to the scion of length grafting 2-3 root, and first scion graft position is apart from stock trunk 20-50cm, and a rear scion grafting is apart from front first scion 20-30cm; Stock lateral-branch grafting distance major branch 10-20cm, and only grafting 1 scion; Select the scion of corresponding length according to tree body slotting length, will cut and make in scion standing groove, inclined-plane, two ends inserts in bark, and the bevel formation layer of more than at least 65% area and stock are slotted and formed layer and align; Tie up at scion two ends and centre with the rope made of hemp after grafting, then with micropore plastic wrap grafting place carry out totally-enclosed tie up tight;
5) stock management: routine is carried out to pear tree and prunes management, the stock branch affecting scion growth is removed during First Year winter pruning, stock side shoot rugosity diameter being greater than to 3cm adopts twice facture, namely First Year is carrying out " V " font breach wound at quarter to relax tree vigo(u)r wound apart from side, major branch 5-10cm bottom, wipes out to Second Year again; Wherein, be 3-7cm stock side shoot for rugosity diameter, V " font gap opened width is 2-4cm, breach accounts for side shoot trunk diameter 1/3-1/2 deeply; Rugosity diameter is greater than to the side shoot stock of 7cm, " V " font gap opened is 4-8cm, and breach accounts for side shoot trunk diameter 1/3-1/2 deeply, from excision bark in the middle of " V " font and wooden, opposite side only removes bark simultaneously, retains xylem, and smears carpenter's glue protection wound after processing;
Wound branch last year is removed in Second Year winter pruning, carries out wound at quarter to the side shoot stock branch will removed after grafting;
Wound branch last year is removed in winter pruning in 3rd year, carries out wound at quarter to the major branch stock top branch will removed after grafting;
Wound branch last year is removed in winter pruning in 4th year;
6) managing after grafting: abolish micropore plastic wrap when early spring, bud was sprouted, expose eye; Early spring prunes wound at stock and removes the kryptoblast sprouted;
Described nutrient solution prescription is: urea 0.1-0.2%; Sucrose 8-12%; Quicklime 1-2%; Carbendazim 10-15%; Surplus is water.
2. the method for planting is changed in a kind of pear tree improvement at advanced age according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that, in step 4), micropore plastic wrap thickness is 0.025mm, and micropore size is 0.05 μm.
3. the method for planting is changed in a kind of pear tree improvement at advanced age according to claim 2, and it is characterized in that, in step 4), micropore plastic wrap carries out totally-enclosed tying up sternly in grafting place, goes back colligation one deck straw outward at micropore plastic wrap.
4. change the method for planting according to a kind of pear tree improvement at advanced age one of claim 1-3 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that, in step 1), be placed in that nutrient solution is fresh-keeping for subsequent usely to be referred to: wrapped up by collection branch microporous barrier preservative film, then be immersed in the nutrient solution of dark 5-10cm, in ventilating and cooling place precooling 3-6h, last and nutrient solution is together placed on 3 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C, fresh-keeping for subsequent use in the environment of relative moisture 95% ~ 98%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510561984.5A CN105027995B (en) | 2015-09-07 | 2015-09-07 | The method planted is changed in a kind of advanced age pear tree improvement |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510561984.5A CN105027995B (en) | 2015-09-07 | 2015-09-07 | The method planted is changed in a kind of advanced age pear tree improvement |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105027995A true CN105027995A (en) | 2015-11-11 |
| CN105027995B CN105027995B (en) | 2017-08-25 |
Family
ID=54435489
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510561984.5A Active CN105027995B (en) | 2015-09-07 | 2015-09-07 | The method planted is changed in a kind of advanced age pear tree improvement |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105027995B (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105432331A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-03-30 | 库尔勒市孔雀河农业科技开发有限公司 | Perforation type double-end bridge joint method for diseased bergamot pear trees |
| CN105875208A (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2016-08-24 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Grafting method of mature theobroma cacao |
| CN107660430A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-02-06 | 陆川县泓源蔬菜专业合作社 | The high-order method for changing of Gentiana triflora |
| CN108307834A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-07-24 | 山东冠世榴园旅游发展有限公司 | A kind of ancient tree grafting renovation method at scenic spot |
| CN109168704A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-01-11 | 德州智南针知识产权有限公司 | Precocious strains graft nutritional agents and preparation method thereof and precocious strains engrafting method |
| CN109275437A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-29 | 新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所 | A kind of engrafting method of advanced age bergamot pear tree rejuvenating |
| CN110476634A (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-11-22 | 永春天福兴农业技术有限公司 | A kind of cuttage breeding method of high bar grafting Bougainvillea spectabilis |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102027861A (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-04-27 | 智汝庆 | Living skin grafting method for woody plant |
| CN102301919A (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2012-01-04 | 高志平 | Technology for grafting old and inferior fruit trees |
| CN104542009A (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2015-04-29 | 沂源县兴国果品种植专业合作社 | Tai-Yi mountain golden pear tree grafting cultivation method |
-
2015
- 2015-09-07 CN CN201510561984.5A patent/CN105027995B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102027861A (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-04-27 | 智汝庆 | Living skin grafting method for woody plant |
| CN102301919A (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2012-01-04 | 高志平 | Technology for grafting old and inferior fruit trees |
| CN104542009A (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2015-04-29 | 沂源县兴国果品种植专业合作社 | Tai-Yi mountain golden pear tree grafting cultivation method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 黄新忠； 张长和； 陈小明； 胡宁三: "梨高接换种快速成冠丰产试验", 《中国果树》 * |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105432331A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-03-30 | 库尔勒市孔雀河农业科技开发有限公司 | Perforation type double-end bridge joint method for diseased bergamot pear trees |
| CN105875208A (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2016-08-24 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Grafting method of mature theobroma cacao |
| CN105875208B (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2017-09-29 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | A kind of grafting method for changing into age cocoa chocolate tree |
| CN107660430A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-02-06 | 陆川县泓源蔬菜专业合作社 | The high-order method for changing of Gentiana triflora |
| CN108307834A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-07-24 | 山东冠世榴园旅游发展有限公司 | A kind of ancient tree grafting renovation method at scenic spot |
| CN109168704A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-01-11 | 德州智南针知识产权有限公司 | Precocious strains graft nutritional agents and preparation method thereof and precocious strains engrafting method |
| CN109275437A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-29 | 新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所 | A kind of engrafting method of advanced age bergamot pear tree rejuvenating |
| CN110476634A (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-11-22 | 永春天福兴农业技术有限公司 | A kind of cuttage breeding method of high bar grafting Bougainvillea spectabilis |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105027995B (en) | 2017-08-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105027995A (en) | Improving and variety changing method for advanced age pear tree | |
| CN101401524B (en) | Cutting propagation method for beach plum epicormic branch | |
| CN104996171B (en) | A kind of high position grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis | |
| CN103918486A (en) | Double-cropping sophora japonica cultivation and management method | |
| CN105248223B (en) | The high spindle of sweet cherry and its shaping and trimming method | |
| CN104521573B (en) | Jujube tree trunk falls head height connection | |
| CN105230353A (en) | Method for grafting and shaping tree bodies of perennial seedling walnut trees | |
| CN108124622A (en) | A kind of walnut Bevel saw anvil top grafting method for changing species | |
| CN103385119A (en) | Micheliacompressa grafting method | |
| CN105993614A (en) | Chinese chestnut grafting method for fruiting-at-the-year | |
| CN101116411A (en) | High stumped grafting method of vine | |
| CN105359845A (en) | Asexual rapid propagation method for lithocarpus areca | |
| CN105746183A (en) | Method for grafting corky-winged euonymus on winterberry euonymus | |
| CN104012307B (en) | Method for grafting fokienia hodginsii | |
| CN102405774A (en) | Walnut rectangular bud grafting method | |
| CN103960027A (en) | Cultivation method for michelia chapensis | |
| CN103314791B (en) | Grafting method for promoting early fruiting of pterocarpus santalinus | |
| CN104365388A (en) | Grafting method for black tea tree | |
| CN105393808A (en) | Lithocarpushancei(Benth.)Rehd-QuercusacutissimaCarruth container seedling grafting breeding method | |
| CN107094576A (en) | A kind of efficiently breeding sequoia sempervirens cuttage seedling-growing method | |
| CN105359918A (en) | Asexual rapid propagation method for lithocarpus oleaefolius | |
| CN105432294A (en) | Lithocarpus calophyllus rapid asexual propagation method | |
| CN108702960A (en) | A method of excellent raising walnut yield is changed based on high stake | |
| CN105432330A (en) | Rapid asexual propagation method for lithocarpus hancei | |
| CN106342641A (en) | Culture method of high-spindle shaped Chinese apples |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |
Application publication date: 20151111 Assignee: Changzhou Runguo Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: JIANGSU ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980048907 Denomination of invention: A method for improving and replanting elderly pear trees Granted publication date: 20170825 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20231203 |
|
| EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |