A kind of special controlled release fertilizer for rice based on rice dish continuous cropping plantation and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of special controlled release fertilizer for rice based on rice dish continuous cropping plantation
and preparation method thereof, belong to special fertilizer technical field.
Background technology
Hainan is the torrid areas of Largest In China, average annual temperature 22 ~ 26 DEG C, and rainfall is enriched, and rain heat same season, the whole year is all applicable to plant growth.In recent years, Hainan Province, according to the weather condition of Hainan uniqueness and the market requirement, carries out structural adjustment to Hainan agriculture, proposes development high-effective tropic agriculture, greatly develops melon dish in winter.Winter, melon dish area expanded year by year, had become the mainstay industry in Hainan.Due to the factor such as land resources and water condition, winter, melon dish major part developed into paddy field cultivation, and rice field Cropping Patterns is by original rice----rice transfers rice to---dish continuous cropping.The crop rotation of rational rice dish, can not only the natural resources such as Appropriate application light, heat, fertilizer, water, is also improvement planting conditions, realizes the important way of limiting factors.Its semilate rice dish rotation system, a large amount of nutrient residual after making full use of vegetables results, realizes that rice high yield is efficient, improvement edatope etc., and can reduce rate of fertilizer application, abridged edition increases income simultaneously.Therefore, greatly develop the crop rotation of rice dish in Hainan, give full play to the advantageous effect of paddy rice-vegetable continuous cropping, contribute to improving income, reduce environmental risk.These several years, rapidly, area constantly expanded the development of this cropping pattern.
At present, Hainan Rice Cropping many employings traditional way, its fertilizing method mainly relies on base execute and spread fertilizer over the fields, need repeatedly to topdress, time-consuming, nitrogen utilization efficiency is low, major part nitrogenous fertilizer enters water body, cause body of groundwater to pollute and widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, even cause air environmental pollution by denitrification, also waste a large amount of manure resources simultaneously.When rice transplanting, also cannot directly execute at rice root even if use common Controlled Release Fertilizer, utilization rate of fertilizer improves limited.And in the plantation of vegetables, vegetables fertilizer requirement far above paddy rice, particularly in the winter time melon dish high price driving under, rate of fertilizer application is all seriously excessive, cause a lot of nutrient residual in soil, vegetables, paddy rice are integrally considered by solution exactly, and the nutrient of residual vegetable can propose part nutrition for Rice Cropping of lower season, simultaneously, during rice cultivation, by the fertilizer of paddy rice one season growth needs, apply when ploughing, the later stage no longer imposes fertilizer.
But also there is no the special controlled release fertilizer for rice of rice dish continuous cropping at present, existing paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer or Controlled Release Fertilizer cannot reach this requirement, are on the one hand not consider a large amount of nutrients residual in growing vegetables process, otherwise Controlled Release Fertilizer nutrients release and rice absorbing inconsistent, cause discharging too fast burning seedling, be that nutrients release is slow, can not meet the nutrient demand of paddy rice, in addition, a lot of release and release control fertilizer is less than water due to proportion, fertilizer floats on the water surface, and waste nutrient, causes nutrient to volatilize.The present invention successfully solves the problems referred to above, namely the nutrient of season residual vegetable is made full use of, in turn ensure that various nutrient demands during Rice Cropping, ensure that fertilizer does not float on the water surface, when rice milking stage completes, nitrogen nutrient also discharges complete, namely this Controlled Release Fertilizer nutrient element releasing rule can with the basic synchronised of the demand rule of paddy rice to nitrogen.
Therefore, paddy rice, vegetable continuous cropping are integrally considered, develop a kind of special controlled release fertilizer for rice based on rice dish continuous cropping plantation, and carried out field experiment, result shows better to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduces fertilizer waste, realizes cost-saving synergistic.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of special controlled release fertilizer for rice based on rice dish continuous cropping plantation and preparation method thereof, to improve the utilization ratio of Controlled Release Fertilizer on paddy rice, reduced rate of fertilizer application, realize single fertilization, increase rice yield.
The present invention according to the law of nutritive absorption of paddy rice, by paddy rice and vegetables continuous two season crop integrally consider as a whole, namely avoid residue fertilizer loss waste, additionally reduce fertilization of rice amount.Control release urea is joined in common fertilizer, carry out precisely composite, reduce the shortcoming that the independent input cost of sustained-controll-release fertiliser is too high, with the addition of polyacrylamide water-holding agent, prevent the floating water surface of Controlled Release Fertilizer, utilize the characteristic of humic acids and scarp improvement soil, improvement soil simultaneously, reduce disease, realize single fertilization before Rice Cropping, the later stage does not impose, and saves cost of labor, and carried out a large amount of field experiment, achieve the effect significantly saving fertilizer, synergy, raising rice yield.
The present invention is achieved by following technical scheme:
A kind of special controlled release fertilizer for rice based on rice dish continuous cropping plantation, it is characterized in that, raw materials quality part consists of: coated carbamide 180 ~ 210 parts, 150 ~ 170 parts, urea, diammonium phosphate 55 ~ 65 parts, 250 ~ 350 parts, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, 140 ~ 180 parts, Repone K, humic acids 50 ~ 70 parts, poly-aspartic-acid fertilizer of chelated zinc 10 ~ 20 parts, scarp 25 ~ 35 parts, polyacrylamide water-holding agent 2 ~ 5 parts, poly-aspartic-acid Chelating state boron fertilizer 10 ~ 15 parts.
Above-mentioned all raw materials are commercially available prod, and wherein coated carbamide, urea are self-produced by company, coated release-controlled urea nitrogen content 44%, fertilizer releasing period (70 days); In fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, P
2o
5content 13%, CaO content about 30%, SiO
2content about 40%, content of MgO about 5%.In above-mentioned raw materials, humic acids is liquid, and all the other raw materials are granular, and particle diameter is all within the scope of 1 ~ 4 millimeter.
Above-mentioned a kind of special controlled release fertilizer for rice based on rice dish continuous cropping plantation, preferred formula is that material component mass parts is as follows further: coated carbamide 190 ~ 200 parts, 155 ~ 165 parts, urea, diammonium phosphate 55 ~ 65 parts, 295 ~ 305 parts, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, 155 ~ 165 parts, Repone K, humic acids 55 ~ 65 parts, poly-aspartic-acid fertilizer of chelated zinc 13 ~ 16 parts, scarp 26 ~ 35 parts, polyacrylamide water-holding agent 2 ~ 5 parts, poly-aspartic-acid Chelating state boron fertilizer 10 ~ 14 parts.
The preparation method of special controlled release fertilizer for rice material of the present invention; put in stirrer after coated carbamide, urea, diammonium phosphate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, Repone K, scarp, poly-aspartic-acid fertilizer of chelated zinc, poly-aspartic-acid Chelating state boron fertilizer and polyacrylamide water-holding agent are weighed and stir; churning time 4 ~ 5 minutes; after abundant mixing; add load weighted humic acids to enter tablets press and carry out granulation; obtain the fertilizer finished product of the direct 1 mm ~ 4.5mm of particle, water content≤10wt%, then quantitative package.
The application of special controlled release fertilizer for rice of the present invention is after front season vegetables results, before lower season Rice Cropping, does that base manure is disposable to be applied during whole ground.
Excellent results of the present invention is as follows:
1, nutrient formula is reasonable
The present invention takes into full account the nutrient of front season residual vegetable, consider again the nutrient requirement characteristics of rear season paddy rice whole breeding time and the soil characteristic in Hainan, with the addition of poly-aspartic-acid chelate zinc salt and boron, containing paddy rice beneficial element silicon and magnesium in fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, nutrient formula is more reasonable, promotes the efficiency utilization of rice nutrient.
2, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is improved
Paddy rice and vegetable continuous cropping are integrally considered, can count when crop paddy rice calculates rate of fertilizer application in lower season.Therefore, the present invention can reduce fertilizers input, more makes full use of input nutrient, be one preferably, fertilizer accurately, significantly improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, improve 17.2 ~ 19.2 percentage points.
3, anti-fertilizer is floating
Common Controlled Release Fertilizer is due to after coating, and fertilizer light specific gravity, after using, there will be hydro-planing in paddy field, with the addition of polyacrylamide water-holding agent especially in this patent, avoids the floating water surface of fertilizer, reduces the effect of ammonia volatilization, cuts the waste.
4, crop anti-adversity is promoted
Poly-aspartic-acid chelate zinc salt and boron are except providing boron and zinc, and other compositions are to the obvious promoter action of having grown of rice plant, and robust plant, strengthens anti-adversity ability and immunizing power, reduce disease and occur.
5, soil quality is improved
Traditional fertilizer is all based on inorganic nutrients, fertilizer of the present invention is except inorganic nutrients, with the addition of humic acids, scarp and the weakly alkaline fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate with effect of improving the soil especially, the acid-basicity of soil can be improved, increase the crumb structure of soil, strengthen the surge capability of soil, for high yield lays a good foundation.
6, effect of increasing production is good, time saving and energy saving.
Can increase rice yield significantly, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer brings up to 50% by 30%, realizes single fertilization, reduces by 2 ~ 3 fertilizer, saves manually, decreases production cost, can save fertilizer 10% ~ 20% in equal yield line situation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the present invention demonstrates the effect diagram of different fertilizer process to rice yield, utilization rate of fertilizer and recruitment cost aspect.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and comparative example, the invention will be further described, but be not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of special controlled release fertilizer for rice based on rice dish continuous cropping plantation, raw materials quality part component is as follows: coated carbamide 180 parts, 150 parts, urea, diammonium phosphate 55 parts, 250 parts, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, 140 parts, Repone K, humic acids 50 parts, poly-aspartic-acid fertilizer of chelated zinc 10 parts, scarp 25 parts, polyacrylamide water-holding agent 2 parts, poly-aspartic-acid Chelating state boron fertilizer 10 parts.
Put in stirrer after coated carbamide, urea, diammonium phosphate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, Repone K, scarp, poly-aspartic-acid fertilizer of chelated zinc, poly-aspartic-acid Chelating state boron fertilizer and polyacrylamide water-holding agent are weighed and stir; churning time 4 ~ 5 minutes; after abundant mixing; add load weighted humic acids to enter tablets press and carry out granulation, then quantitative package.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of special controlled release fertilizer for rice based on rice dish continuous cropping plantation, raw materials quality part component is as follows: coated carbamide 210 parts, 170 parts, urea, diammonium phosphate 65 parts, 350 parts, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, 180 parts, Repone K, humic acids 70 parts, poly-aspartic-acid fertilizer of chelated zinc 20 parts, scarp 35 parts, polyacrylamide water-holding agent 5 parts, poly-aspartic-acid Chelating state boron fertilizer 15 parts.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of special controlled release fertilizer for rice based on rice dish continuous cropping plantation, raw materials quality part component is as follows: coated carbamide 200 parts, 160 parts, urea, diammonium phosphate 60 parts, 300 parts, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, 160 parts, Repone K, humic acids 60 parts, poly-aspartic-acid fertilizer of chelated zinc 15 parts, scarp 30 parts, polyacrylamide water-holding agent 4 parts, poly-aspartic-acid Chelating state boron fertilizer 13 parts.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
The effect of above embodiment 1-3 and comparative example is as follows:
Test site: Dongfang
Test period: 2014
Rice varieties: rich excellent II 15
For examination soil: latosol, soil is medium fertility
Testing program: 3 kinds of fertilizer of embodiment 1 ~ 3 are used in each test point, and with comparative example fertilizer for contrast.Use by peasant habit in comparative example, fertilizer nutrient proportioning is consistent, and comparative example fertilizer amount is determined by local farmers custom consumption, and its fertilizing method is peasant habit method.By base fertilizer, to turn green and fetilizer for tillering is used for 3 times totally; Application Ratio is 60%, 30% and 10%.
The result of Fig. 1 shows, compares with contrast, and equivalent is used down, and use special controlled release fertilizer for rice provided by the present invention and all significantly improve rice yield, amount of increase in production is 12.1% ~ 14.4%; When minimizing 20% fertilizer amount, output slightly increases or maintains an equal level, and reduces fertilizer cost; In addition, use special formulation fertilizer for rice of the present invention and can reduce by 2 fertilisings, reduce by 2 recruitment costs 10 yuan, also improve effects.