CN104872059A - Artificial breeding method for Crocodylus siamensis - Google Patents
Artificial breeding method for Crocodylus siamensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN104872059A CN104872059A CN201510266197.8A CN201510266197A CN104872059A CN 104872059 A CN104872059 A CN 104872059A CN 201510266197 A CN201510266197 A CN 201510266197A CN 104872059 A CN104872059 A CN 104872059A
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 241000972006 Crocodylus siamensis Species 0.000 title abstract 9
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- LNNWVNGFPYWNQE-GMIGKAJZSA-N desomorphine Chemical compound C1C2=CC=C(O)C3=C2[C@]24CCN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2CCC[C@@H]4O3 LNNWVNGFPYWNQE-GMIGKAJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 150
- 241000270722 Crocodylidae Species 0.000 claims description 149
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 78
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 22
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 22
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 22
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000721047 Danaus plexippus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000005916 Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000052209 Triplasis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L thimerosal Chemical compound [Na+].CC[Hg]SC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940033663 thimerosal Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004279 orbit Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 206010006100 Bradykinesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000006083 Hypokinesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000887 face Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036449 good health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000518 lethal Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001665 lethal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial breeding method for Crocodylus siamensis. The method includes the steps of provenance selection, domestication before pairing, breeding place setting, manual pairing and Crocodylus siamensis egg collection and hatching. The main problems, about provenance selection, pairing, pairing period selection, sex ratio setting, density setting, bait preparation and breeding and hatching environment setting, of a present artificial breeding method for the Crocodylus siamensis can be effectively solved, damage and death in the breeding mating process are remarkably reduced, the spawning rate of the female Crocodylus siamensis is remarkably increased, the hatching rate of Crocodylus siamensis eggs is remarkably increased, efficient artificial breeding of the Crocodylus siamensis is achieved, healthy Crocodylus siamensis larvae are acquired, and solid technical supports are provided for expanding the breeding population of the Crocodylus siamensis, promoting species protection and developing large-scale breeding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture technology, more particularly, relate to the artificial fecundation method of a kind of Siam crocodile.
Background technology
Siam crocodile also cries Siam fresh water crocodile, the small-sized crocodile of Singapore, is mainly distributed in the ground such as the Borneo in Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam.For the medium-sized crocodile of one, adult crocodile is the longest reaches 4 meters, and common also has 3 meters long, then about 25 centimeter length when young crocodile hatches.The kiss of Siam crocodile is of moderate length, slightly recessed, and length is about 1.5 to 1.6 times of kiss sound stage width degree.There is the sharp edges ridge of short a pair in two eye socket fronts, and volume is situated between has an obvious socket of the eye between two eye sockets, and squamosum protrudes a high ridge.
Siam crocodile belongs to world-class endangered species, and as a kind of excellent fresh water crocodile, Siam's crocodile cultivation is more and more subject to culture fishery and pays close attention to.But, due to Siam crocodile under Artificial feeding conditions, water quality, water temperature, bait, cultivation density, property ratio and breeding environment condition etc. are required and other fresh water crocodile class widely different, be difficult to control, thus causing this kind to propagate successful mating breeding under condition artificially very difficult, this problem seriously constrains the sound development of this kind of aquaculture.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the problems referred to above and/or defect, and the advantage will illustrated at least is below provided.
A further object of the invention is to provide a kind of culturing pool, and the physique characteristic according to kind of crocodile designs, and provides the clean and comfortable surroundings needed for growth of kind of crocodile, and structure is simple simultaneously, durable in use.
A further object of the invention is to provide a kind of breeding pond, and the reproductive characteristic according to kind of crocodile designs, and provides the clean and comfortable surroundings needed for breeding of kind of crocodile, and structure is simple simultaneously, durable in use.
In order to realize, according to these objects of the present invention and other advantage, providing the artificial fecundation method of a kind of crocodile, comprise the following steps:
Step one, provenance are selected:
Adopt fanout free region mass trapping to catch Siam crocodile children crocodile in the wild, select fertile juvenile, require long more than the 100cm of female crocodile body, long more than the 130cm of male crocodile body, healthy and strong, be active in one's movements, scale is glittering hard, and eyes become clear, afterbody and the intact conduct kind crocodile without incompleteness of four limbs;
Raise and train before step 2, pairing:
First being raised separately by kind of crocodile in environmental temperature is 27-32 DEG C, and area is 10-15m
2culturing pool in, keep environment quiet, described culturing pool comprises movable platform and the first pond, described movable platform is connected by the first gentle slope with described first pond, described first gentle slope and horizontal plane are 10-15 °, the area of described movable platform accounts for 1/2 of the area of described culturing pool, described movable platform exceeds the water surface 0.8-1.2m in described first pond, the described first dark 1.2-1.5m in pond, one sidewall in described first pond is provided with the first water inlet, the first delivery port is provided with at a relative other sidewall bottom, described first pond holds the water of its 3/4 volume, every day, the water of described first pond 1/8 volume was changed in flowing, in described first pond, the pH value of water is 7-8, water temperature is 28-31 DEG C, planting aquatic plants in described first pond, the water surface coverage rate of water plants is 40-50%, from kind of a crocodile starts feed, every day by the keeper of identical clothing with fish, chicken, duck, rabbit is fed, the material of at every turn feeding is at 50-100kg, raise and train 6 months, kind of crocodile is made to adapt to propagate environment artificially,
Step 3, arrange breeding pond:
Environment temperature is that to build area be 30-40m in the place of 25-35 DEG C
2breeding pond, keep environment quiet, described breeding pond comprises the second pond and mud sump, described mud sump is connected by the second gentle slope with the second pond, be provided with between described mud sump and the second gentle slope is highly the mud guard of 10-15cm, the angle of described second gentle slope and horizontal plane is 10-15 °, described mud sump accounts for 2/5 of culturing pool area, described mud sump exceeds the water surface 0.3-0.5m in described second pond, the described second dark 1.5-1.8m in pond, one sidewall in described second pond is provided with the second water inlet, the second delivery port is provided with at a relative other sidewall bottom, described second pond holds the water of its 3/5 volume, every day, the water of described second pond 1/5 volume was changed in flowing, in described second pond, the pH value of water is 7-8, water temperature is 28-31 DEG C, planting aquatic plants in described second pond, the water surface coverage rate of water plants is 60-80%,
Step 4, manually pairing:
In March in annual December to Yi, a legendary monarch of Youqiong State in the xia Dynasty year, when temperature is 24-27 DEG C, Siam crocodile oestrused adapting to propagate artificially environment is put in breeding pond, require long more than the 170cm of female crocodile body, long more than the 180cm of male crocodile body, healthy and strong, be active in one's movements, scale is glittering hard, eyes become clear, and afterbody and the intact nothing incompleteness of four limbs, arrange in pairs or groups by sex ration 1: 2-3, require that the body weight of male crocodile and carapace are all greater than female crocodile, crocodile density can not higher than 1.3 tails/m
2, the pairing phase, even phenomenon is striven sometimes between male crocodile, generally hit 2-3 time mutually just to stop, as found to hit the serious crocodile of situation mutually, same specification replacing need be carried out, reach kind of a crocodile to get along safely, throw in feed during this period, feed with 30% chicken, the saltwater fish of 20%, the pig of 49% removing internal organ and fat, beef, and be aided with the vitamin of 1%, feed is thrown at 17-19 point, supply feed 3-5 time weekly, injected volume is as the criterion to have a little feed to remain after crocodile feed, after crocodile feed, residual feed is cleared up in time, change water every day 1 time, change the water of 1/5 pond volume every day,
The collection of step 5, crocodile ovum and hatching:
Female crocodile digs after nest is laid eggs and collects crocodile ovum in 1-3 days in mud sump, crocodile ovum is not stirred in operation, the crocodile ovum collected is put into first respectively by number ratio 1: 1, in second two incubators, described first, the bottom of second two incubators is all equipped with wheat straw, thickness is 15-20cm, between every two pieces of crocodile ovum, a dividing plate is set, every two pieces of crocodile ovum be spaced apart 5cm, on crocodile ovum, lid layer is through the wheat straw of ultraviolet sterilization, thickness is 15-20cm, the temperature of described first incubator remains on 27-30 DEG C, the temperature of described second incubator remains on 31-35 DEG C, described first, in second two incubators, the relative moisture of air all remains on 70%, the relative moisture of wheat straw all remains on 60%, hatch young crocodile.
Preferably, the pool wall surface in described culturing pool and breeding pond is all smooth, and higher than water surface 1.2-1.5m.
Preferably, described movable platform is provided with ultraviolet sterilizing lamp and spraying sterilizer, containing 3wt% potassium permanganate in the thimerosal in described spray disinfection device.
Preferably, described water plants is one or more in Herba Ecliptae, frogbit, paper sand-grass.
Preferably, described first surface, gentle slope is equipped with smooth ceramic tile.
Preferably, described second surface, gentle slope is equipped with cobblestone, and described cobblestone gives prominence to the surperficial 2-4cm on the second gentle slope.
Preferably, described culturing pool and the water of breeding in pond are mountain spring water or shone the running water of 1-2 days through the sun.
The present invention at least comprises following beneficial effect:
1, the seed choosing method of the present invention's employing, choose seeds according to the physilogical characteristics of Siam crocodile, the trace element such as calcium, zinc is had no lack of in the glittering hard explanation crocodile body of scale, personality is fiery and forthright, and eyes become clear and illustrate that crocodile has remarkable depth perception ability and sleep is normal, have that index is clear, the obvious advantage of feature;
2, the culturing pool that the present invention adopts is divided into movable platform and the first pond, crocodile is made to have sufficient spatial choice habitat, first gentle slope is set between movable platform and pond, and the angle of the first gentle slope and horizontal plane is 10-15 °, considering that the habit of crocodile is set up, make that crocodile is both effortless to be commuted between land and marshy land, also make between land and marshy land, there is a distance cushioned, mutually do not pollute as far as possible, movable platform accounts for 1/2 of culturing pool area, and higher than the water surface 0.8-1.2m in described first pond, both crocodile had been made can to overlook whole pond in movable platform, make crocodile happy, also crocodile is allowed to get sun more sufficient, plankton on scale is killed, in first pond, the pH value of water is 7-8, water temperature is 28-31 DEG C, it is the growth conditions that with reference to wild Siam crocodile, what Siam crocodile of artificial domestication was adapted to is better, planting aquatic plants in the first pond, it is the growing environment in order to simulate wild Siam crocodile, and the water surface coverage rate of water plants is 40-50%, consider see kind of a crocodile clearly when raising, can observe in time when kind of a crocodile is fallen ill, being fed by the keeper of identical clothing is to allow kind of crocodile can adapt to artificial feeding environment, people is not produced and resists sense,
3, the breeding pond that the present invention adopts is divided into mud sump and the second pond, mud sump is connected by the second gentle slope with the second pond, be provided with highly for the baffle plate of 10-15cm is because Siam crocodile must carry out when laying eggs in mud sump between mud sump and the second gentle slope, and the existence of baffle plate makes silt can enter as much as possible less in the second pond, keep the clean of water body in the second pond, also save mud amount, mud sump only exceeds the second pond 0.3-0.5m, also be that to consider Siam crocodile fondling in egg-laying period anxious, can often travel to and fro between mud sump and the second pond, the shorter of design facilitates Siam's crocodile motion, same planting aquatic plants in the second pond, but water surface coverage rate is relatively once high, be consider Siam crocodile in egg-laying period more wish hidden oneself, otherwise the problem of rattiness can be produced.
The present invention is based on experimental study for many years, provide a set of Siam crocodile artificial fecundation method, the method has taken into full account the Biological characteristics of Siam crocodile, comprises behaviouristics feature, feeding habits feature, habitat feature, breeding ecology feature etc.Use the method, effectively can solve the subject matter that the crocodile artificial propagation of current Siam faces, comprise seed selection, pairing, the pairing phase is selected, property ratio, density, bait, the problems such as breeding and environment of hatching are arranged, significantly reduce the disability in breeding mating process, the generation of lethal events, significantly improve the spawning rate of female crocodile, significantly improve the incubation rate of crocodile ovum, achieve Siam crocodile manually efficiently to breed, secure good health crocodile seedling, for expanding Siam's crocodile cultured populations, promote species conservation, development scaleization cultivation provides solid technical support, and the method human input is few, cost is low, easy operation, be conducive to the popularization that Siam crocodile is propagated artificially.
Part is embodied by explanation below by other advantage of the present invention, target and feature, part also will by research and practice of the present invention by those skilled in the art is understood.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of culturing pool in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of breeding pond in the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, can implement according to this with reference to specification word to make those skilled in the art.
Should be appreciated that used hereinly such as " to have ", other element one or more do not allotted in " comprising " and " comprising " term or the existence of its combination or interpolation.
An artificial fecundation method for crocodile, comprises the following steps:
Step one, provenance are selected
Adopt fanout free region mass trapping to catch Siam crocodile children crocodile in the wild, select fertile juvenile, require long more than the 100cm of female crocodile body, long more than the 130cm of male crocodile body, healthy and strong, be active in one's movements, scale is glittering hard, and eyes become clear, afterbody and the intact conduct kind crocodile without incompleteness of four limbs;
Raise and train before step 2, pairing
As shown in Figure 1, first being raised separately by kind of crocodile in environmental temperature is 27-32 DEG C, and area is 10-15m
2culturing pool in, keep environment quiet, described culturing pool comprises movable platform 1 and the first pond 2, described movable platform is connected by the first gentle slope 3 with described first pond 2, described first gentle slope 3 is 10-15 ° with horizontal plane, the area of described movable platform 1 accounts for 1/2 of the area of described culturing pool, described movable platform 1 exceeds the water surface 0.8-1.2m in described first pond, the dark 1.2-1.5m in described first pond 2, one sidewall in described first pond 2 is provided with the first water inlet 201, the first delivery port 201 is provided with at a relative other sidewall bottom, described first pond 2 holds the water of its 3/4 volume, every day, the water of described first pond 21/8 volume was changed in flowing, in described first pond 2, the pH value of water is 7-8, water temperature is 28-31 DEG C, planting aquatic plants in described first pond 2, the water surface coverage rate of water plants is 40-50%, from kind of a crocodile starts feed, every day by the keeper of identical clothing with fish, chicken, duck, rabbit is fed, the material of at every turn feeding is at 50-100kg, raise and train 6 months, kind of crocodile is made to adapt to propagate environment artificially,
Step 3, arrange breeding pond
As shown in Figure 2, Environment temperature is that to build area be 30-40m for the place of 25-35 DEG C
2breeding pond, keep environment quiet, described breeding pond comprises the second pond 5 and mud sump 4, described mud sump 4 is connected by the second gentle slope 6 with the second pond 5, be provided with between described mud sump 4 and the second gentle slope 6 is highly the mud guard of 10-15cm, described second gentle slope 6 is 10-15 ° with the angle of horizontal plane, described mud sump 4 accounts for 2/5 of culturing pool area, described mud sump 4 exceeds the water surface 0.3-0.5m in described second pond 5, the dark 1.5-1.8m in described second pond 5, one sidewall in described second pond 5 is provided with the second water inlet 501, the second delivery port 502 is provided with at a relative other sidewall bottom, described second pond 5 holds the water of its 3/5 volume, every day, the water of described second pond 2 1/5 volume was changed in flowing, in described second pond 5, the pH value of water is 7-8, water temperature is 28-31 DEG C, planting aquatic plants in described second pond 5, the water surface coverage rate of water plants is 60-80%.
Step 4, manually to match
In March in annual December to Yi, a legendary monarch of Youqiong State in the xia Dynasty year, when temperature is 24-27 DEG C, Siam crocodile oestrused adapting to propagate artificially environment is put in breeding pond, require long more than the 170cm of female crocodile body, long more than the 180cm of male crocodile body, healthy and strong, be active in one's movements, scale is glittering hard, eyes become clear, and afterbody and the intact nothing incompleteness of four limbs, arrange in pairs or groups by sex ration 1: 2-3, require that the body weight of male crocodile and carapace are all greater than female crocodile, crocodile density can not higher than 1.3 tails/m
2, the pairing phase, even phenomenon is striven sometimes between male crocodile, generally hit 2-3 time mutually just to stop, as found to hit the serious crocodile of situation mutually, same specification replacing need be carried out, reach kind of a crocodile to get along safely, throw in feed during this period, feed with 30% chicken, the saltwater fish of 20%, the pig of 49% removing internal organ and fat, beef, and be aided with the vitamin of 1%, feed is thrown at 17-19 point, supply feed 3-5 time weekly, injected volume is as the criterion to have a little feed to remain after crocodile feed, after crocodile feed, residual feed is cleared up in time, change water every day 1 time, change the water of 1/5 pond volume every day,
The collection of step 5, crocodile ovum and hatching
Female crocodile digs after nest is laid eggs and collects crocodile ovum in 1-3 days in mud sump 4, crocodile ovum is not stirred in operation, the crocodile ovum collected is put into first respectively by number ratio 1: 1, in second two incubators, described first, the bottom of second two incubators is all equipped with wheat straw, thickness is 15-20cm, between every two pieces of crocodile ovum, a dividing plate is set, every two pieces of crocodile ovum be spaced apart 5cm, on crocodile ovum, lid layer is through the wheat straw of ultraviolet sterilization, thickness is 15-20cm, the temperature of described first incubator remains on 27-30 DEG C, the temperature of described second incubator remains on 31-35 DEG C, described first, in second two incubators, the relative moisture of air all remains on 70%, the relative moisture of wheat straw all remains on 60%, hatch young crocodile.
The pool wall surface in described culturing pool and breeding pond is all smooth, and higher than water surface 1.2-1.5m.Can prevent crocodile from runing away, it is huge that crocodile seems health, bradykinesia, and the explosive force of crocodile is quite surprising in fact, if do not taken precautions against, may injure poultry raiser, causing consequence without redemption.
Described movable platform 1 is provided with ultraviolet sterilizing lamp 101 and spraying sterilizer 102, containing 3wt% potassium permanganate in the thimerosal in described spray disinfection device.Siam crocodile like sunny bank shine the back of the body, the parasite parasitizing Siam's crocodile body surface can be killed so arrange ultraviolet sterilizing lamp, and spray disinfection device be by spraying form to crocodile sterilization, leave the rest of crocodile equally alone.
Described water plants is one or more in Herba Ecliptae, frogbit, paper sand-grass.
Described first surface, gentle slope 3 is equipped with smooth ceramic tile, and facilitate crocodile to commute movable platform 1 and the first pond 2, the moisture also making crocodile carry with it just flows back in pond on the first gentle slope 3.
Described second surface, gentle slope 6 is equipped with cobblestone 601, and described cobblestone gives prominence to the surperficial 2-4cm on the second gentle slope 6, can massage the belly of egg-laying period crocodile.
Described culturing pool and the water of breeding in pond are mountain spring water or shone the running water of 1-2 days through the sun.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment utilization.It can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely.For those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment.Therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the legend described.
Claims (8)
1. an artificial fecundation method for Siam crocodile, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step one, provenance are selected:
Adopt fanout free region mass trapping to catch Siam crocodile children crocodile in the wild, select fertile juvenile, require long more than the 100cm of female crocodile body, long more than the 130cm of male crocodile body, healthy and strong, be active in one's movements, scale is glittering hard, and eyes become clear, afterbody and the intact conduct kind crocodile without incompleteness of four limbs;
Raise and train before step 2, pairing:
First being raised separately by kind of crocodile in environmental temperature is 27-32 DEG C, and area is 10-15m
2culturing pool in, keep environment quiet, described culturing pool comprises movable platform and the first pond, described movable platform is connected by the first gentle slope with described first pond, described first gentle slope and horizontal plane are 10-15 °, the area of described movable platform accounts for 1/2 of the area of described culturing pool, described movable platform exceeds the water surface 0.8-1.2m in described first pond, the described first dark 1.2-1.5m in pond, one sidewall in described first pond is provided with the first water inlet, the first delivery port is provided with at a relative other sidewall bottom, described first pond holds the water of its 3/4 volume, every day, the water of described first pond 1/8 volume was changed in flowing, in described first pond, the pH value of water is 7-8, water temperature is 28-31 DEG C, planting aquatic plants in described first pond, the water surface coverage rate of water plants is 40-50%, from kind of a crocodile starts feed, every day by the keeper of identical clothing with fish, chicken, duck, rabbit is fed, the material of at every turn feeding is at 50-100kg, raise and train 6 months, kind of crocodile is made to adapt to propagate environment artificially,
Step 3, arrange breeding pond:
Environment temperature is that to build area be 30-40m in the place of 25-35 DEG C
2breeding pond, keep environment quiet, described breeding pond comprises the second pond and mud sump, described mud sump is connected by the second gentle slope with the second pond, be provided with between described mud sump and the second gentle slope is highly the mud guard of 10-15cm, the angle of described second gentle slope and horizontal plane is 10-15 °, described mud sump accounts for 2/5 of culturing pool area, described mud sump exceeds the water surface 0.3-0.5m in described second pond, the described second dark 1.5-1.8m in pond, one sidewall in described second pond is provided with the second water inlet, the second delivery port is provided with at a relative other sidewall bottom, described second pond holds the water of its 3/5 volume, every day, the water of described second pond 1/5 volume was changed in flowing, in described second pond, the pH value of water is 7-8, water temperature is 28-31 DEG C, planting aquatic plants in described second pond, the water surface coverage rate of water plants is 60-80%,
Step 4, manually pairing:
In March in annual December to Yi, a legendary monarch of Youqiong State in the xia Dynasty year, when temperature is 24-27 DEG C, Siam crocodile oestrused adapting to propagate artificially environment is put in breeding pond, require long more than the 170cm of female crocodile body, long more than the 180cm of male crocodile body, healthy and strong, be active in one's movements, scale is glittering hard, eyes become clear, and afterbody and the intact nothing incompleteness of four limbs, arrange in pairs or groups by sex ration 1:2-3, require that the body weight of male crocodile and carapace are all greater than female crocodile, crocodile density can not higher than 1.3 tails/m
2, the pairing phase, even phenomenon is striven sometimes between male crocodile, generally hit 2-3 time mutually just to stop, as found to hit the serious crocodile of situation mutually, same specification replacing need be carried out, reach kind of a crocodile to get along safely, throw in feed during this period, feed with 30% chicken, the saltwater fish of 20%, the pig of 49% removing internal organ and fat, beef, and be aided with the vitamin of 1%, feed is thrown at 17-19 point, supply feed 3-5 time weekly, injected volume is as the criterion to have a little feed to remain after crocodile feed, after crocodile feed, residual feed is cleared up in time, change water every day 1 time, change the water of 1/5 pond volume every day,
The collection of step 5, crocodile ovum and hatching:
Female crocodile digs after nest is laid eggs and collects crocodile ovum in 1-3 days in mud sump, crocodile ovum is not stirred in operation, the crocodile ovum collected is put into first respectively by number ratio 1: 1, in second two incubators, described first, the bottom of second two incubators is all equipped with wheat straw, thickness is 15-20cm, between every two pieces of crocodile ovum, a dividing plate is set, every two pieces of crocodile ovum be spaced apart 5cm, on crocodile ovum, lid layer is through the wheat straw of ultraviolet sterilization, thickness is 15-20cm, the temperature of described first incubator remains on 27-30 DEG C, the temperature of described second incubator remains on 31-35 DEG C, described first, in second two incubators, the relative moisture of air all remains on 70%, the relative moisture of wheat straw all remains on 60%, hatch young crocodile.
2. the artificial fecundation method of Siam as claimed in claim 1 crocodile, is characterized in that, the pool wall surface in described culturing pool and breeding pond is all smooth, and higher than water surface 1.2-1.5m.
3. the artificial fecundation method of Siam as claimed in claim 1 crocodile, it is characterized in that, described movable platform is provided with ultraviolet sterilizing lamp and spraying sterilizer, containing 3wt% potassium permanganate in the thimerosal in described spray disinfection device.
4. the artificial fecundation method of Siam as claimed in claim 1 crocodile, is characterized in that, described water plants is one or more in Herba Ecliptae, frogbit, paper sand-grass.
5. the artificial fecundation method of Siam as claimed in claim 1 crocodile, it is characterized in that, described first surface, gentle slope is equipped with smooth ceramic tile.
6. the artificial fecundation method of Siam as claimed in claim 1 crocodile, it is characterized in that, described second surface, gentle slope is equipped with cobblestone, and described cobblestone gives prominence to the surperficial 2-4cm on the second gentle slope.
7. the artificial fecundation method of Siam as claimed in claim 1 crocodile, is characterized in that, described culturing pool and the water of breeding in pond are mountain spring water or shone the running water of 1-2 days through the sun.
8. the artificial fecundation method of Siam as claimed in claim 1 crocodile, is characterized in that, throws in weekly the ripe snakeheaded fish of 30-40 tail in described culturing pool and breeding pond.
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