CN104795449A - 薄膜晶体管及制作方法、阵列基板、显示装置 - Google Patents

薄膜晶体管及制作方法、阵列基板、显示装置 Download PDF

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CN104795449A
CN104795449A CN201510181258.0A CN201510181258A CN104795449A CN 104795449 A CN104795449 A CN 104795449A CN 201510181258 A CN201510181258 A CN 201510181258A CN 104795449 A CN104795449 A CN 104795449A
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辛龙宝
方金钢
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种薄膜晶体管及制作方法、阵列基板、显示装置。其中,该薄膜晶体管的制作方法包括:形成薄膜晶体管的源极和漏极;在所述源极和所述漏极上,形成能够与金属氮氧化物半导体层中的氧离子发生氧化反应的金属层;在所述金属层上,或在所述源极、所述漏极和所述金属层上形成所述金属氮氧化物半导体层。通过本发明,可以形成良好的欧姆接触,避免降低TFT的SS性能。

Description

薄膜晶体管及制作方法、阵列基板、显示装置
技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域,尤其是涉及一种薄膜晶体管及制作方法、阵列基板、显示装置。
背景技术
Oxide TFT(Thin Film Transistor,薄膜晶体管)的不同结构具有不同特性,不同结构所呈现出的不同电气特性也是在工艺设计中需要进行调整的。而不同结构之间因为异质介面可能包含多种复杂的反应机制(例如,电子迁移速率、欧姆接触等),因此在工艺技术中,不同的制程环境、电浆处理、污染处理,以及氧化物半导体在光照下遮光就显得特别重要。
ZnON(氮氧化锌)TFT以具有较高的迁移率和低廉的价格处于研发的优势地位,相对于IGZO(Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide,铟镓锌氧化物)等其他氧化物材料,ZnON TFT一般采用底栅结构。
虽然ZnON TFT的研发处于优势地位,但是由于N元素的添加是ZnO系半导体材料研发的难点,而且由于N元素的流逝而无法形成良好的欧姆接触,从而导致TFT器件的SS(Subthreshold Swing,亚阈值摆幅)性能的下降。
然而针对上述问题,现有技术并没有提供一种有效的解决方案。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种能够形成良好欧姆接触,从而避免降低SS性能的薄膜晶体管结构。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种薄膜晶体管及制作方法、阵列基板、显示装置。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种薄膜晶体管,包括:源极、漏极、和在所述源极和所述漏极上形成的金属氮氧化物半导体层;以及,位于所述源极和所述漏极,与所述金属氮氧化物半导体层之间的金属层;其中,所述金属层能够与所述金属氮氧化物半导体层中的氧离子发生氧化反应。
优选地,所述金属层完全覆盖于所述源极和所述漏极。
优选地,所述金属层在对应所述源极和所述漏极之间间隙的位置形成有开口区域,所述开口区域的长度小于等于所述源极和所述漏极之间的间隙的长度。
优选地,所述金属层采用的金属材料包括:Ti。
优选地,所述金属氮氧化物半导体层采用的材料包括:ZnON。
优选地,所述源极及所述漏极采用的金属材料包括:Cu。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种阵列基板,该阵列基板包括上述的薄膜晶体管。
根据本发明的又一方面,提供了一种显示装置,该显示装置包括前述阵列基板。
根据本发明的还一方面,提供了一种薄膜晶体管的制作方法,包括:形成薄膜晶体管的源极和漏极;在所述源极和所述漏极上,形成能够与金属氮氧化物半导体层中的氧离子发生氧化反应的金属层;在所述金属层上,或在所述源极、所述漏极和所述金属层上形成所述金属氮氧化物半导体层。
优选地,在形成所述金属层的过程中,使所述金属层完全覆盖于所述源极和所述漏极,并在对应所述源极和所述漏极之间的间隙位置形成一开口区域,其中,所述开口区域的长度小于等于所述源极和所述漏极之间的间隙的长度。
与现有技术相比,本发明所述的薄膜晶体管及制作方法、阵列基板、显示装置,通过使用Ti金属层配合ZnON半导体层,可以使得Ti从ZnON中抓取O从而产生导电率更高的ZnN,而且Ti金属层能够对Cu SD形成很好的阻挡,避免Cu扩散到半导体层,进而形成良好的欧姆接触,避免降低TFT的SS性能。
附图说明
图1是根据现有技术的Coplanar型IGZO TFT的结构示意图;
图2是根据本发明实施例的薄膜晶体管的结构示意图;
图3是根据本发明优选实施例的薄膜晶体管的制作方法流程图;以及
图4是根据本发明实施例的薄膜晶体管的生产过程示意图。
附图标记
1栅极,2栅绝缘层,3源极,4漏极,5金属层,6金属氮氧化物半导体层,7绝缘层。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域的普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
目前采用氧化物(Oxide,例如,IGZO)作为薄膜晶体管(TFT)的半导体材料是较为广泛的应用,例如,比较常见的IGZO TFT包括Coplanar型的IGZO TFT、BCE型的IGZO TFT以及IS型的IGZO TFT,这几种类型的IGZOTFT各自具有各自的优势和缺陷,以Coplanar型的IGZO TFT为例,为便于理解,请参考图1,图1是根据现有技术的Coplanar类型IGZO TFT的结构示意图,从图1中可以看出,该IGZO TFT结构中,IGZO直接形成于SD(源极和漏极)之上,其具有使用较少的掩膜,制作过程简单的优势,但是同时也具有容易造成前沟道受损,Oxide/SD contact等缺陷。
相较于使用IGZO等半导体材料的Oxide TFT,ZnON TFT具有电子迁移速率高、价格低廉等优势,其结构一般也采用上述Oxide TFT的结构(例如,图1),但是N元素的添加是ZnON系半导体材料的研发难点,而且添加的N元素也很容易流逝,这导致TFT期间的SS性能的下降,从而无法形成较好的欧姆接触,另外光照影响也会提高off-current(截止电流)从而产生漏电流的现象。
基于此,本发明主要欲提供一种可以解决上述技术问题的技术方案。在本发明的实施例中,可以对上述图1所示的TFT结构进行改进,以形成使用ZnON半导体材料且能够避免N元素流逝且同时可以避免源极和漏极(SD)中的Cu向半导体材料中扩散的TFT结构。
本发明实施例提供了一种薄膜晶体管,图2是根据本发明实施例的薄膜晶体管的结构示意图,如图2所示,该薄膜晶体管可以包括:源极、漏极、和在所述源极和所述漏极上形成的金属氮氧化物半导体层;以及,位于所述源极和所述漏极,与所述金属氮氧化物半导体层之间的金属层;其中,所述金属层能够与所述金属氮氧化物半导体层中的氧离子发生氧化反应。
同时参考图1和图2可以看出,图2所示的TFT结构与图1所示的TFT结构是不同的,图2所示的TFT结构中,在源极和漏极上并不是直接形成半导体层,而是先在源极和漏极上形成一个金属层,该金属层由于具有较好的金属活性,与位于其上形成的金属氮氧化物半导体层结合,并进而发生化学反应,具体地,金属层中的金属原子与金属氮氧化物半导体材料中的氧离子发生氧化反应,即金属层会吸收氧元素,从而使金属氮氧化物变成金属氮化物这一导电率更好的半导体,进一步使得整个半导体层都具备较高的电子迁移率,而最终在半导体层与SD之间形成一个较好的欧姆接触(ohom contact)。
在本实施例中,所述金属层可以完全覆盖于所述源极和所述漏极。这样可以使金属层与源极和漏极之间的接触面更广,最终有效提高半导体层与SD之间的欧姆接触。
在本实施例中,所述金属层在对应所述源极和所述漏极之间间隙的位置形成有开口区域,所述开口区域的长度小于等于所述源极和所述漏极之间的间隙的长度。也就是说,金属层在所述源极和所述漏极之间的间隙(即沟道区域)并不完全覆盖,这是避免直接在所述源极和所述漏极之间形成导电通路。
当然,所述开口区域的长度是可以根据实际需要进行设计的,例如,开口区域的长度小于沟道区域的长度,即如图2所示,金属层在完全覆盖住SD的同时,还覆盖住沟道区域的一部分区域。
优选地,在本实施例中,所述金属层采用的金属材料包括:Ti。当然,金属材料还可以采取与Ti具有相似特性的金属,这类金属具有能够对源极和漏极采用的金属材料形成良好阻挡性的特点,因此,在实际生产工艺和设计中,可以参考SD采用的金属材料而定。
在本实施例中,所述金属氮氧化物半导体层采用的材料可以包括:ZnON。也就是说,本实施例中的TFT结构中使用的金属氮氧化物半导体层可以优先选择使用ZnON,当然,还可以使用与ZnON同系的半导体。
在本实施例中,所述源极及所述漏极采用的金属材料可以包括:Cu。与Al相比,Cu可以改善coplanar型Oxide TFT的欧姆接触(ohom contact)结构,因此,本实施例中,可以优先选择使用Cu作为SD的材料。
基于上述实施例提供的薄膜晶体管,本发明实施例还提供了一种阵列基板,该阵列基板包括上述薄膜晶体管,由于该阵列基板的改进在于上述薄膜晶体管,基于前述针对薄膜晶体管已经进行了详细描述,这里不再结合附图对阵列基板进行说明。
进一步地,本发明实施例还提供了一种显示装置,该显示装置采用上述阵列基板。同样地,这里不再结合附图对该显示装置的结构进行更加具体的说明。在实际应用中,所述显示装置可以为:显示面板、电视、显示器、数码相框、手机、平板电脑等任何具有显示功能的产品或部件。
对应于上述薄膜晶体管,本发明实施例还提供了一种薄膜晶体管的制作方法。图3是根据本发明实施例的薄膜晶体管的制作流程图,如图3所示,该流程包括以下步骤(步骤S302-步骤S306):
步骤S302、形成薄膜晶体管的源极和漏极;
步骤S304、在所述源极和所述漏极上,形成能够与金属氮氧化物半导体层中的氧离子发生氧化反应的金属层;
步骤S306、在所述金属层上,或在所述源极、所述漏极和所述金属层上形成所述金属氮氧化物半导体层。
在上述制作方法中,在形成所述金属层的过程中,可以使所述金属层完全覆盖于所述源极和所述漏极,并在对应所述源极和所述漏极之间的间隙位置形成一开口区域,其中,所述开口区域的长度小于等于所述源极和所述漏极之间的间隙的长度。
下面结合图4对本实施例提供的上述薄膜晶体管的生产过程进行说明。
图4是根据本发明实施例的薄膜晶体管的生产过程示意图,请参考图4,可以看出,该薄膜晶体管的生产过程主要包括以下几个步骤(图4中不对附图进行直接标示,请参考图2中的附图标记即可):
(1)先进行第一次掩膜工艺(PEP1),形成Gate(栅极)金属层的图形,具体地,可以采用溅射或热蒸发的方法在衬底基板上沉积一层一定厚度(例如,厚度可以为)的栅金属层,在实际应用中,栅金属层可以是Cu,Al,Ag,Mo,Cr,Nd,Ni,Mn,Ti,Ta,W等金属以及这些金属的合金,栅金属层可以为单层结构或者多层结构,多层结构比如Cu\Mo,Ti\Cu\Ti,Mo\Al\Mo等,当然,正如前述内容所描述,在本发明实施例中,优选采用Cu这一单层结构,之后通过第一次掩膜工艺形成包括栅线和栅电极的栅金属层的图形。
进一步形成栅绝缘层,具体地,可以采用化学气相沉积(CVD)或等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)方法,在栅金属层上沉积厚度约为的栅绝缘层,其中,栅绝缘层材料可以选用氧化物、氮化物或者氮氧化物,栅绝缘层可以为单层、双层或多层结构,栅绝缘层可以采用SiNx,SiOx或Si(ON)x,例如,栅绝缘层可以为厚度为的SiNx和厚度为的SiO2组成的双层结构。当然,本发明实施例并对此作出限定。
(2)进行第二次掩膜工艺(PEP2),形成包括源极、漏极和数据线的源漏(SD)金属层的图形,源漏金属层的形成过程与栅金属层的形成过程类似,需要说明的是,在本发明实施例中,源漏金属层所采用的材料仍然优选为Cu。
(3)进行第三次掩膜工艺(PEP3),从而形成Ti金属层和ZnON半导体层,需要说明的是,此步骤是形成本发明实施例提供的薄膜晶体管最为重要的一步工艺,对于ZnON半导体层的形成过程来说,为了与Ti金属层形成较好的接触界面以产生化学反应后生产导电率较高的ZnN,可以在工艺中控制ZnON半导体层中ZnON的浓度来实现,当然,这需要参考产品的要求进行考虑。这种结构形成之后也就形成了导电率较好的沟道(TFT channel),Ti金属层具有提供O-acceptor(氧原子受体)的作用,用于吸收ZnON中的氧元素(以氧离子状态存在),同时由于Ti金属层和ZnON半导体层构成的这一组合层较薄,且与TFT有较好的匹配性,从而在SD和半导体层之间形成较佳的欧姆接触,从而可以改善TFT SS(SS临界电压)特性。
其中,栅金属层和源漏金属层均采用Cu,这是因为Cu相比于Al等其他金属具有较为优良的结构角度(taper angle)以便于完成良好的共面结构。
由于Ti对于Cu有极佳的阻隔性,可以避免Cu扩散至TFT沟道,而且在Ti金属的干刻蚀过程中,并不会产生破坏沟道的现象,在工艺开发上比较容易实现。
另外,工艺过程中可以利用Oxide TFT开发过程中的高温回火来形成作为氧供体的ZnON,以此来形成较佳的欧姆接触区域,当然,AlOx和TiOx等材料也是极佳的致密绝缘层,这些对于TFT的稳定度均有极佳的改善。
(4)进行后续掩膜工艺(例如,PEP4,PEP5,PEP6),形成绝缘层(例如,采用具有较佳挡光效果的有机绝缘层),这样可以有效改善前沟道受损的情况及来自外来环境的水气产生的影响,同时利用有机绝缘层搭以颜色吸收效果,可以避免电浆及光阻所产生的不良影响,改善ZnO受光影响阈值电压(Vth)的范围。由于该后续工艺与现有技术并明显区别,此处不再进行更加详细的说明。
采用此结构,无论上下光源均不会影响TFT沟道,可以对应到LCD显示屏上,可同时运用于AMOLED顶发射器件和底发射器件的显示屏,并且因缩小的电晶体尺寸可以提高OLED开口区域,也可有效提高OLED的寿命。而且,在面板设计上,可以忽略更小的非必要电容(杂极电容Cgd)所产生的影响,更能提供高质量显示品质。
本发明提供的上述实施例中,采用铜形成栅极、源极和漏极,相比于使用Al型材,可以改善ZnON半导体的共面结构的欧姆接触,同时利用Ti金属层搭配Oxide TFT的结构完成高致密的绝缘层,最终形成更好的欧姆接触,而且,这样的产品工艺完全可以应用在大尺寸TFT的制备工艺中,同时也可以保证高分辨率的生产要求,减少Cu扩散至TFT沟道的概率,可以改善背光照射对TFT稳定度的影响。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种薄膜晶体管,其特征在于,包括:
源极、漏极、和在所述源极和所述漏极上形成的金属氮氧化物半导体层;以及,
位于所述源极和所述漏极,与所述金属氮氧化物半导体层之间的金属层;
其中,所述金属层能够与所述金属氮氧化物半导体层中的氧离子发生氧化反应。
2.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜晶体管,其特征在于,所述金属层完全覆盖于所述源极和所述漏极。
3.根据权利要求2所述的薄膜晶体管,其特征在于,所述金属层在对应所述源极和所述漏极之间间隙的位置形成有开口区域,所述开口区域的长度小于等于所述源极和所述漏极之间的间隙的长度。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的薄膜晶体管,其特征在于,所述金属层采用的金属材料包括:Ti。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的薄膜晶体管,其特征在于,所述金属氮氧化物半导体层采用的材料包括:ZnON。
6.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜晶体管,其特征在于,所述源极及所述漏极采用的金属材料包括:Cu。
7.一种阵列基板,其特征在于,包括权利要求1至6中任一项所述的薄膜晶体管。
8.一种显示装置,其特征在于,包括权利要求7所述的阵列基板。
9.一种薄膜晶体管的制作方法,其特征在于,包括:
形成薄膜晶体管的源极和漏极;
在所述源极和所述漏极上,形成能够与金属氮氧化物半导体层中的氧离子发生氧化反应的金属层;
在所述金属层上,或在所述源极、所述漏极和所述金属层上形成所述金属氮氧化物半导体层。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制作方法,其特征在于,在形成所述金属层的过程中,使所述金属层完全覆盖于所述源极和所述漏极,并在对应所述源极和所述漏极之间的间隙位置形成一开口区域,其中,所述开口区域的长度小于等于所述源极和所述漏极之间的间隙的长度。
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