CN104744063A - 金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合材料的接合体、其制造方法、碳材料接合体、碳材料接合体用接合材料和碳材料接合体的制造方法 - Google Patents

金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合材料的接合体、其制造方法、碳材料接合体、碳材料接合体用接合材料和碳材料接合体的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN104744063A
CN104744063A CN201510097339.2A CN201510097339A CN104744063A CN 104744063 A CN104744063 A CN 104744063A CN 201510097339 A CN201510097339 A CN 201510097339A CN 104744063 A CN104744063 A CN 104744063A
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carbon
component
pottery
conjugant
carbon material
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大国友行
陈卫武
宫本钦生
东城哲朗
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Toyo Tanso Co Ltd
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Toyo Tanso Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP2011118581A external-priority patent/JP2012246172A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2011118582A external-priority patent/JP2012246173A/ja
Application filed by Toyo Tanso Co Ltd filed Critical Toyo Tanso Co Ltd
Publication of CN104744063A publication Critical patent/CN104744063A/zh
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Abstract

本发明提供能够在高温使用的金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合材料的接合体、其制造方法、新型的碳材料接合体、碳材料接合体用接合材料以及碳接合体的制造方法。金属材料(4)与陶瓷-碳复合材料(1)的接合体(6)是由金属构成的金属材料(4)与陶瓷-碳复合材料(1)的接合体。陶瓷-碳复合材料(1)具有多个碳颗粒(2)和由陶瓷构成的陶瓷部(3)。陶瓷部(3)形成于多个碳颗粒(2)之间。金属材料(4)与陶瓷-碳复合材料(1)通过接合层(5)接合。接合层(5)含有金属的碳化物和陶瓷。

Description

金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合材料的接合体、其制造方法、碳材料接合体、碳材料接合体用接合材料和碳材料接合体的制造方法
本案是申请日为2012年5月22日、申请号为201280025809.9 (PCT/JP2012/062983)、发明名称为“金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合材料的接合体、其制造方法、碳材料接合体、碳材料接合体用接合材料和碳材料接合体的制造方法”的专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合材料的接合体、其制造方法、碳材料接合体、碳材料接合体用接合材料以及碳材料接合体的制造方法。
背景技术
近年来,对于兼备作为金属的特性和作为碳材料的特性的、金属材料与碳材料的接合体需求提高。但是,通常金属材料与碳材料的接合困难。目前,作为金属材料与碳材料的接合方法,只是提出了例如专利文献1中记载的使用焊料的接合方法。
此外,石墨和陶瓷都是高熔点材料。因此,通过熔焊法将由石墨构成的部件、与由石墨或陶瓷构成的部件接合是很困难的。并且,石墨和陶瓷都是脆性材料。因此,通过压焊法将由石墨构成的部件、与由石墨或陶瓷构成的部件接合是很困难的。因此,由石墨构成的部件、与由石墨或陶瓷构成的部件的接合,通常利用使用螺丝等的机械方法、或者使用焊料、粘接剂等的方法实现。
例如,在专利文献2中公开了使用酚醛树脂将石墨材料粘接的方法。在专利文献3中公开了使用酚醛树脂等碳类粘接剂将石墨材料粘接的方法。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2000-313677号公报
专利文献2:日本特开平6-345553号公报
专利文献3:日本特开2002-321987号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的技术问题
如专利文献1的记载,在使用焊料将金属材料与碳材料接合的情况下,无法得到能够在高于焊料的熔点的温度使用的接合材料。
并且,需要由碳材料构成的部件与由碳、陶瓷或金属构成的部件的更有效的接合方法。
本发明的第一个目的在于提供能够在高温使用的金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合材料的接合体及其制造方法。本发明的第二个目的在于提供新型的碳材料接合体、碳材料接合体用接合材料和碳材料接合体的制造方法。
用于解决技术问题的手段
本发明的金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合材料的接合体是由金属构成的金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合材料的接合体。陶瓷-碳复合材料具有多个碳颗粒和由陶瓷构成的陶瓷部。陶瓷部形成于多个碳颗粒之间。金属材料和上述陶瓷-碳复合材料通过接合层接合。接合层含有金属的碳化物和陶瓷。
其中,在本发明中,“金属”包括合金。
在本发明的金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合材料的接合体中,优选陶瓷部具有连续的结构。
在本发明的金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合材料的接合体中,优选陶瓷包括氮化铝和碳化硅中的至少一种。
在本发明的金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合材料的接合体中,优选金属包括W和Mo中的至少一种。
在本发明的金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合材料的接合体中,在陶瓷含有碳化硅时,接合层可以含有金属和硅(Si)。
在本发明的金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合体材料的接合体的制造方法中,准备具有多个碳颗粒、和陶瓷部的陶瓷-碳复合材料,该陶瓷部在多个碳颗粒之间形成且由陶瓷构成。在使陶瓷-碳复合材料与金属材料接触的状态下进行烧制。
在本发明的金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合体材料的接合体的制造方法中,优选陶瓷部具有连续的三维网状结构。
在本发明的金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合体材料的接合体的制造方法中,优选陶瓷-碳复合材料含有助烧剂。
在本发明的金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合体材料的接合体的制造方法中,优选金属材料为粉体。
本发明的碳材料接合体具备第一部件、第二部件和陶瓷-石墨复合材料。第一部件由碳材料构成。第二部件由碳、陶瓷或金属构成。陶瓷-石墨复合材料将第一部件与第二部件接合。陶瓷-石墨复合材料具有多个碳颗粒和陶瓷部。陶瓷部形成于多个碳颗粒之间。
其中,在本发明中,“碳材料接合体”意味着具有彼此接合的多个部件且多个部件中的至少一个为碳材料。
并且,在本发明中,“金属”包括合金。
在本发明的碳材料接合体中,优选陶瓷-石墨复合材料的陶瓷部具有连续的结构。
在本发明的碳材料接合体中,优选陶瓷部由选自氮化铝、氧化铝、碳化硅、氮化硅、碳化硼、碳化钽、碳化铌、碳化锆、氧化锌、氧化硅和氧化锆中的至少一种形成。
本发明的第一种的碳接合材料的制造方法,是制造具备第一部件和第二部件的碳材料接合体的方法,该第一部件由碳材料构成,该第二部件由碳、陶瓷或金属构成,并且与第一部件接合。本发明的第一种的碳接合材料的制造方法,包括:在第一部件与第二部件之间,配置表面附着有陶瓷的碳颗粒,制作叠层体的叠层体制作工序;和对叠层体进行烧制的烧制工序。
在本发明的第一种的碳材料接合体的制造方法中,在叠层体制作工序中,可以在第一部件与第二部件之间,配置表面附着有陶瓷颗粒的碳颗粒。
在本发明的第一种的碳材料接合体的制造方法中,作为陶瓷颗粒,优选使用由选自氮化铝、氧化铝、碳化硅、氮化硅、碳化硼、碳化钽、碳化铌、碳化锆、氧化锌、氧化硅和氧化锆中的至少一种形成的陶瓷颗粒。
在本发明的第一种的碳材料接合体的制造方法中,在叠层体制作工序中,可以在第一部件与第二部件之间,配置表面附着有陶瓷的碳颗粒与树脂的混合物。在这种情况下,作为树脂,优选使用热塑性树脂。
在本发明的第一种的碳材料接合体的制造方法中,在叠层体制作工序中,可以在第一部件与第二部件之间,配置具有多个碳颗粒和陶瓷部的陶瓷-碳复合体层,该陶瓷部覆盖碳颗粒并且将多个碳颗粒连接。
本发明的碳材料接合体用接合材料是用于接合碳材料与由碳、陶瓷或金属构成的部件的接合材料。本发明的碳材料接合体用接合材料包括在表面附着有陶瓷的多个碳颗粒。
在本发明的碳材料接合体用接合材料中,在碳颗粒的表面可以附着有陶瓷颗粒。
本发明的碳材料接合体用接合材料优选含有树脂。树脂优选为热塑性树脂。
在本发明的碳材料接合体用接合材料中,附着于碳颗粒的表面的陶瓷可以覆盖碳颗粒,并将多个碳颗粒连接。
本发明的碳材料接合体用接合材料可以为片状。
本发明的第二种的碳接合体的制造方法,是制造具备第一部件和第二部件的碳材料接合体的方法,该第一部件由碳材料构成,该第二部件由碳、陶瓷或金属构成,并与第一部件接合。本发明的第二种的碳接合体的制造方法,包括在第一部件上配置第二部件与树脂的混合物制作叠层体,并对制得的叠层体进行烧制的工序。
在本发明的第二种的碳接合体的制造方法中,第二部件可以为粉体。
发明效果
根据本发明,能够提供一种能够在高温使用的金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合材料的接合体及其制造方法。根据本发明,还能够提供一种新型的碳材料接合体、碳材料接合体用接合材料和碳接合体的制造方法。
附图说明
图1是第一实施方式的金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合材料的接合体的截面示意图。
图2是实施例1中得到的接合体的接合面的扫描型电子显微镜照片(左侧为倍率500倍、右侧为倍率5000倍)。
图3是实施例4中得到的接合体的接合面的扫描型电子显微镜照片(左侧为倍率500倍、右侧为倍率2000倍)。
图4是实施例5中得到的接合体的接合面的扫描型电子显微镜照片(左侧为倍率100倍、右侧为倍率2000倍)。
图5是实施例6中得到的接合体的接合面的扫描型电子显微镜照片(左侧为倍率500倍、右侧为倍率2000倍)。
图6是第二实施方式的碳材料接合体的截面示意图。
图7是第三实施方式的叠层体的截面示意图。
图8是第三实施方式的叠层体的截面示意图。
图9是第三实施方式中制作的碳材料接合体的截面示意图。
具体实施方式
下面,对本发明的优选实施方式的一个示例进行说明。但下述的实施方式仅仅是例示。本发明不受下述的实施方式任何限定。
实施方式等中参照的附图是示意性的记载,附图中绘出的物体的尺寸的比例等有时与现实物体的尺寸的比例等不同。具体的物体的尺寸比例等应该参照以下的说明来判断。
(第一实施方式)
图1是表示第一实施方式的金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合材料的接合体的截面示意图。
如图1所示,金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合材料的接合体6是由金属构成的金属材料4与陶瓷-碳复合材料1的接合体。
(金属材料4)
构成金属材料4的金属没有特别限定。作为金属的具体例,例如可以列举W、Mo、Ti、Si、Al、Cr、Cu、Sn或它们的合金等。金属材料4优选包括W和Mo中的至少一种。即,金属材料4优选由W、Mo或W与Mo的合金构成。
金属材料4可以具有任何形状。金属材料4的形状例如可以为颗粒状、板状、柱状、纤维状等。金属材料4优选为粉体。
(陶瓷-碳复合材料1)
陶瓷-碳复合材料1具有多个碳颗粒2和由陶瓷构成的陶瓷部3。
碳颗粒2例如优选由鳞状石墨、鳞片状石墨、土状石墨等构成的天然石墨、以焦炭或中间相小球体等为原料的人造石墨、碳质等。碳颗粒2的粒径优选为50nm~500μm左右,更优选为1μm~250μm左右,进一步优选为5μm~100μm左右。在碳颗粒2的粒径过小时,碳颗粒2容易凝聚。一旦碳颗粒2过度凝聚,则有时陶瓷-碳复合材料1不能获得碳的特性。另一方面,在碳颗粒2的粒径过大时,有时烧制得到的陶瓷―碳复合材料1的强度降低。多个碳颗粒2可以仅包含1种碳颗粒2,也可以包含多种碳颗粒2。
陶瓷部3形成于多个碳颗粒2之间。优选陶瓷部3具有连续的结构。即,优选多个碳颗粒2通过具有连续结构的陶瓷部3而一体化。优选陶瓷部3具有三维网状结构。在陶瓷―碳复合材料1中,优选陶瓷部3中分散有碳颗粒2。陶瓷部3中碳颗粒2可以以块状分散。其中,陶瓷部3可以由连续的一个陶瓷部构成,也可以由孤立的多个陶瓷部构成。
陶瓷-碳复合材料1中碳颗粒2与陶瓷部3的体积比(碳颗粒2的体积:陶瓷部3的体积)优选为95:5~50:50,更优选为90:10~70:30。
作为构成陶瓷部3的陶瓷,例如可以列举AlN等氮化铝、Al2O3等氧化铝、SiC等碳化硅、Si3N4等氮化硅、B4C等碳化硼、TaC等碳化钽、NbC等碳化铌、ZrC等碳化锆、ZnO等氧化锌、SiO2等氧化硅、ZrO2等氧化锆等。其中,陶瓷部3优选使用AlN等氮化铝、SiC等碳化硅。其中,陶瓷的组成可以均匀也可以不均匀。
陶瓷部3的厚度优选为100nm~10μm左右。
陶瓷-碳复合材料1例如可以通过对表面附着有陶瓷的碳颗粒2进行烧制而制作。表面附着有陶瓷的碳颗粒2,例如可以通过气相法、液相法、使用混合机等将陶瓷与碳颗粒2混合的机械混合法、浆料法或将这些方法组合的方法制作。作为气相法的具体例,可以列举化学气相蒸镀法(CVD法)、转化法(CVR法)等。作为液相法的具体例,例如可以列举化学沉淀法等。作为浆料法的具体例,例如可以列举凝胶浇注法、滑移浇注法、带式浇注法等。
表面附着有陶瓷的碳颗粒2的烧制温度和烧制时间、烧制气氛的种类、烧制气氛的压力等可以根据使用的材料的种类、形状、大小等适当设定。烧制温度例如可以为1700℃~2100℃左右。烧制时间例如可以为5分钟~2小时左右。烧制气氛的种类例如可以为氮、氩等不活泼气体气氛。烧制气氛的压力例如可以为0.01MPa~10MPa左右。
优选陶瓷-碳复合材料1含有助烧剂。作为助烧剂,可以列举Y2O3等氧化钇、Al2O3等氧化铝、CaO等氧化钙、SiO2等氧化硅等。
(接合层5)
在金属材料4与陶瓷-碳复合材料1之间形成有接合层5。金属材料4与陶瓷-碳复合材料1通过该接合层5接合。接合层5含有金属的碳化物和陶瓷。
如后面的详细描述,接合层5所含的金属的碳化物是在接合工序中由金属材料4提供的金属发生碳化而形成的。即,金属的碳化物来自于金属材料4。因此,是与构成金属材料4的金属相同种类的金属的碳化物。因此,接合层5所含的金属的碳化物的种类由构成金属材料4的金属决定。例如,在金属材料4由W和Mo中的至少一种构成的情况下,接合层5所含的金属的碳化物为碳化钨和碳化钼中的至少一种。
如后面的详细描述,接合层5所含的陶瓷来自于陶瓷部3。因此,接合层5所含的陶瓷是与构成陶瓷部3的陶瓷相同种类的陶瓷。例如,在陶瓷部3由氮化铝和碳化硅中的至少一种构成的情况下,接合层5也含有氮化铝和碳化硅中的至少一种。其中,在接合层5中,金属和陶瓷可以作为单体存在,也可以以彼此结合的状态存在。
接合层5的厚度通常为1μm~200μm左右。
如上述说明,本实施方式的接合体6中,接合层5含有金属的碳化物和陶瓷。因此,接合层5对于金属材料4和陶瓷-碳复合材料1具有优异的亲和性。因此,接合层5与金属材料4之间的密合强度高,并且接合层5与陶瓷-碳复合材料1之间的密合强度高。结果,金属材料4与陶瓷-碳复合材料1之间的密合强度也升高。即,接合体6中,金属材料4与陶瓷-碳复合材料1以高的接合强度接合。
并且,接合体6在金属材料4与陶瓷-碳复合材料1的接合中不使用焊料。因此接合体6能够在高于焊料熔点的温度使用。
如上所述,本实施方式的接合体6能够适合用作高性能的X射线旋转对阴极、散热部件或耐热部件、耐放射线部件、耐等离子体损伤部件等。
(接合体6的制造方法)
下面,对金属材料4与陶瓷-碳复合体材料1的接合体6的制造方法的一个示例进行说明。
使陶瓷-碳复合材料1与金属材料4接触得到叠层体,对该叠层体进行烧制。在该烧制工序中,金属材料4的陶瓷-碳复合材料1侧表层所含的金属通过由陶瓷-碳复合材料1的碳颗粒2提供的碳而碳化,形成金属碳化物。由此形成含有金属碳化物和陶瓷部3的陶瓷的接合层5。结果,能够得到金属材料4与陶瓷-碳复合材料1接合的接合体6。
其中,例如在金属材料4为粉体的情况下,在陶瓷-碳复合材料1上配置作为粉体的金属材料4,在该状态下进行烧制,由此能够制造接合体6。例如在金属材料4为板状的情况下,在将陶瓷-碳复合材料1与金属材料4叠层的状态下进行烧制,由此能够制造接合体6。
在此,W和Mo是容易构成碳化物的金属。因此,通过使用由W和Mo中的至少一种构成的金属材料4,容易形成金属碳化物。因此,金属材料4与陶瓷-碳复合材料1的接合变得容易。
陶瓷-碳复合材料1与金属材料4的烧制温度或烧制时间、烧制气氛的种类、烧制气氛的压力等可以根据使用的材料的种类、形状、大小等适当设定。烧制温度例如可以为600℃~1800℃左右。烧制时间例如可以为2分钟~2小时左右。烧制气氛的种类例如可以为氮、氩等不活泼气体气氛。烧制气氛的压力例如可以为0MPa~10MPa左右。
根据本实施方式的接合体6的制造方法,能够不使用焊料或粘接剂等将金属材料4与陶瓷-碳复合材料1接合。
并且,能够将无法通过利用螺栓等的机械方法的接合而接合的形状的金属材料4与陶瓷-碳复合材料1接合。
下面,基于具体的实施例进一步详细地对本发明进行说明。本发明不受以下的实施例任何限定。在不改变本发明的要点的范围内可以适当进行变更来实施。
(实验例1)
如下所述操作,制作实质上具有与陶瓷-碳复合材料1同样结构的陶瓷-碳复合材料。
作为碳颗粒2,使用石墨(中间相小球体、东洋炭素株式会社生产)。作为陶瓷,使用氮化铝粉末(株式会社德山生产的H type)。
将石墨(10g)、氮化铝(3.54g)和作为助烧剂的Y2O3(0.19g)混合,得到混合粉末,通过凝胶浇注法将得到的混合粉末与在异丙醇(45g)中溶解有丙烯酰胺(8g)和N,N′―亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(1g)的粘合剂溶液(2.49g)混合,将该混合物浇注在塑料模具中。混合物中的石墨与陶瓷的体积比为80:20。将得到的混合物在常压下、以80℃干燥12小时,得到干燥物。接着,将干燥物在真空中以700℃加热1小时,将作为粘合剂的丙烯酰胺除去。进一步利用放电等离子体烧结法,施加30MPa的压力,并且以1900℃、5分钟、真空条件进行脉冲电流烧结。结果,作为陶瓷-碳复合材料,得到氮化铝-石墨复合材料。
以下述方法测定所得到的氮化铝-石墨复合材料的体积密度、弯曲强度和导热系数。将结果示于下述的表1。
〔体积密度〕
利用阿基米德法测定体积密度。具体而言基于JIS A1509-3进行测定。
〔弯曲强度〕
通过三点弯曲强度试验测定弯曲强度。具体而言基于JIS A1509-4进行测定。
〔导热系数〕
利用激光闪光法测定导热系数。具体而言基于JIS A1650-3进行测定。
(实验例2)
除了使用碳化硅(宇部兴产株式会社生产的E10type)代替氮化铝以外,与实验例1同样操作,得到碳化硅-石墨复合材料。石墨与陶瓷的体积比为70:30。
以实施例1中记载的方法,测定所得到的碳化硅-石墨复合材料的体积密度、弯曲强度和导热系数。将结果示于下述的表1。
(实验例3)
除了在实验例1中不使用助烧剂以外,与上述同样操作得到氮化铝-石墨复合材料。
以实施例1中记载的方法,测定所得到的氮化铝-石墨复合材料的体积密度和弯曲强度。将结果示于下述表1。其中未测定导热系数。
(比较实验例1)
将石墨(中间相小球体、东洋炭素株式会社生产、10g)、氮化铝(3.54g)和助烧剂(Y2O30.19g)混合,得到混合粉末,利用球磨机将该混合粉末与乙醇(15g)混合。将得到的混合物在常压下、以80℃干燥12小时分钟,得到干燥粉末。接着,利用放电等离子体烧结法,对得到的粉末施加30MPa的压力,并且以1900℃、5分钟、真空条件进行脉冲电流烧结。结果,得到氮化铝与石墨的复合烧结体。
以实施例1中记载的方法,测定所得到的复合烧结体的体积密度、弯曲强度和导热系数。将结果示于下述的表1。
[表1]
(实施例1)
使用砂纸对实验例1中制作的氮化铝-石墨复合材料(厚度5mm、直径25mm的圆柱)的端面进行研磨,之后,将作为金属材料4的钨粉末(粒径约0.6μm、4.5g)以其厚度为0.3mm的方式配置在氮化铝-石墨复合材料的端面上,得到叠层体。接着,对叠层体施加30MPa的压力,并且以1700℃、5分钟、真空条件下进行脉冲电流烧结。结果,得到钨与氮化铝-石墨复合材料的接合体6。如下所述对得到的接合体6进行加工、研磨,得到试验片,以下述方法测定所得到的试验片的弯曲强度。将结果示于下述表2。
〔试验片的制作〕
试验片加工成宽度约3mm、厚度2~6mm、长度20mm的长方体,使用80μm的研磨盘进行研磨。
〔弯曲强度〕
通过三点弯曲强度试验测定弯曲强度。具体而言基于JIS A1509-4进行测定。
(实施例2)
使用氮化铝-石墨复合材料(厚度5mm、直径25mm的圆柱)作为陶瓷-碳复合材料、配置作为金属材料4的钨粉末(粒径约0.6μm、5g)使其厚度为0.5mm,除此以外,与实施例1同样操作,得到钨与氮化铝-石墨复合材料的接合体6。对于得到的接合体6,与实施例1同样操作,在加工和研磨后测定弯曲强度。将结果示于下述表2。
(实施例3)
与实施例2同样操作,得到钨与氮化铝-石墨复合材料的接合体6。对得到的接合体6进行热循环处理。热循环处理的方法为在真空中重复进行10次从室温到400℃的加热-冷却。对于得到的接合体6,与实施例1同样操作,在加工和研磨后测定弯曲强度。将结果示于下述表2。
(实施例4)
除了使用实验例2中得到的碳化硅-石墨复合材料(厚度5mm、直径25mm)作为陶瓷-碳复合材料以外,与实施例2同样操作,得到钨与陶瓷-碳复合材料的接合体6。对于得到的接合体6,与实施例1同样操作,在加工和研磨后测定弯曲强度。将结果示于下述表2。
(实施例5)
使用由与实验例2同样的方法得到的碳化硅-石墨复合材料(厚度6mm、直径25mm)作为陶瓷-碳复合材料1、配置作为金属材料4的钼(Mo)粉末(粒径约0.7mm、3.5g)使其厚度为0.5mm,除此以外,与实施例1同样操作,得到钼与陶瓷-石墨复合材料的接合体6。对于得到的接合体6,与实施例1同样操作,在加工和研磨后测定弯曲强度。将结果示于下述表2。
(实施例6)
除了使用实验例3中得到的氮化铝-石墨复合材料(厚度5mm、直径25mm的圆柱)作为陶瓷-碳复合材料1以外,与实施例1同样操作,得到钨与氮化铝-石墨复合材料的接合体6。对于得到的接合体6,与实施例1同样操作,在加工和研磨后测定弯曲强度。将结果示于下述表2。
(比较例1)
在使用砂纸对东洋炭素株式会社生产的IG-88石墨进行研磨后,在上部配置5g钨粉末(粒径约0.6μm、5g)使其厚度为0.5mm。接着,施加30MPa的压力,并且以1700℃、5分钟、真空条件下进行脉冲电流烧结。结果,不能将石墨与钨粉末接合。将结果示于下述表2。
[表2]
其中,实施例1~6中陶瓷-石墨复合材料的厚度为上述加工和研磨后的试验片的厚度。
(第二实施方式)
图6是第二实施方式的碳材料接合体的截面示意图。如图6所示,碳材料接合体6a具有第一部件4a和第二部件5a。碳材料接合体6a是第一部件4a与第二部件5a的接合体。
(第一部件4a)
第一部件4a由碳材料构成。碳材料是以碳为主要成分的材料。碳材料可以含有碳以外的成分。作为碳材料的具体例,可以列举石墨化前的碳质材料、各向同性石墨材料、挤出材料或模压材料等各向异性石墨材料、碳纤维复合材料等。优选碳材料的热膨胀系数在0.5~10-6/K~9.0~10-6/K的范围内。
(第二部件5a)
第二部件5a由碳、陶瓷或金属构成。
作为优选用作第二部件5a的构成材料的碳,可以列举与上述第一部件4a同样的材料。
作为优选用作第二部件5a的构成材料的陶瓷,例如可以列举氮化铝、氧化铝、碳化硅、氮化硅、碳化硼、碳化钽、碳化铌、碳化锆、氧化锌、氧化硅、氧化锆等。第二部件5a的陶瓷的组成可以均匀也可以不均匀。例如,构成第二部件5a的陶瓷与陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a接触的界面附近的组成,可以为与陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a的陶瓷部近似的组成。
作为优选用作第二部件5a的构成材料的金属,例如可以列举Al、Cu、Ag、Ni、Fe、Cr、W、Ti、Mo、Au、Pt等。
在图6中,示意性地将第二部件5a描绘成长方体状。但是,第二部件5a的形状没有特别限定。第二部件5a可以如图6所记载的那样为块状,也可以为例如颗粒状、柱状、纤维状等。在第二部件5a为颗粒状的情况下,第二部件5a的粒径例如可以为50nm~500μm左右。
(陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a)
在第一部件4a与第二部件5a之间配设有陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a。通过该陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a,第一部件4a与第二部件5a被接合。
陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a具备多个碳颗粒2a、和陶瓷部3a。
作为碳颗粒2a,例如可以列举对有机化合物(合成或天然有机化合物)进行烧制而得到的制品、中间相小球体烧制品、树脂烧制品、石油系焦炭、煤系焦炭、天然石墨或人造石墨等具有石墨结构的物质等石墨颗粒。其中,作为优选例,可以列举石墨颗粒,例如更优选使用球晶石墨或球状天然石墨等。碳颗粒的粒径优选为50nm~500μm左右,更优选为1μm~250μm左右,进一步优选为5μm~100μm左右。在碳颗粒2a的粒径过小时,碳颗粒2a容易凝聚。在碳颗粒2a过于凝聚时,强度降低。另一方面,在碳颗粒2a的粒径过大时,有时空隙增大,在那种情况下由于应力集中而导致强度降低。多个碳颗粒2a可以仅包含1种碳颗粒,也可以包含多种碳颗粒。
陶瓷部3a位于多个碳颗粒2a之间。陶瓷部3a具有连续的结构。因此,多个碳颗粒2a通过陶瓷部3a而一体化。优选陶瓷部3a具有三维网状结构。在陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a中,优选陶瓷部3a中分散有碳颗粒2a。其中,陶瓷部3a中碳颗粒2a可以以块状分散。
并且,陶瓷部3a可以由连续的一个陶瓷部构成,也可以由孤立的多个陶瓷部构成。
构成陶瓷部3a的陶瓷没有特别限定。作为构成陶瓷部的陶瓷的具体例,例如可以列举氮化铝、氧化铝、碳化硅、氮化硅、碳化硼、碳化钽、碳化铌、碳化锆、氧化锌、氧化硅、氧化锆等。陶瓷部3a可以仅由1种陶瓷构成,也可以由多种陶瓷构成。并且,在陶瓷部3a由多种陶瓷构成的情况下,其组成可以均匀也可以不均匀。
如上所述,碳材料接合体6a,陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a包含多个碳颗粒2a、和陶瓷部3a。因此,陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a与碳、陶瓷、金属的亲和性高。因此,陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a与由碳材料构成的第一部件4a之间的密合强度高,并且陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a与由碳、陶瓷或金属构成的第二部件5a之间的密合强度高。结果,第一部件4a与第二部件5a之间的密合强度也高。即,在碳材料接合体6a中,由碳材料构成的第一部件4a与由碳、陶瓷或金属构成的第二部件5a以高的接合强度接合。
从得到第一部件4a与第二部件5a更高的接合强度的观点出发,在第二部件5a由陶瓷构成的情况下,优选第二部件5a的陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a侧的界面附近的组成接近陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a的陶瓷部3a的组成。并且,优选第二部件5a的陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a侧的界面附近的组成和陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a的陶瓷部3a的组成为彼此固溶的组成、或者为彼此容易发生化学反应的组成。
由于陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a具有碳颗粒2a和陶瓷部3a,所以通过调节碳颗粒2a、陶瓷部3a的构成材料等,能够使陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a的热膨胀系数接近第一部件4a的热膨胀系数或第二部件5a的热膨胀系数。因此,能够有效地抑制第一部件4a与陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a的剥离、第二部件5a与陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a的剥离。
并且,由于陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a具有碳颗粒2a和陶瓷部3a,所以通过调节碳颗粒2a、陶瓷部3a的构成材料等,或者调节碳颗粒2a与陶瓷部3a的比率,能够调节陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a的导热系数。
由于本实施方式的碳材料接合体6a具有上述优异的特性,所以能够优选用作散热基板、结构部件等。
下面,对碳材料接合体6a的制造方法的一个示例进行说明。
(叠层体制作工序)
首先进行叠层体制作工序。在叠层体制作工序中,在第一部件4a与第二部件5a之间,配置含有表面附着有陶瓷的多个碳颗粒2a(在图7中未图示)的碳材料接合体用接合材料7a,制作图7所示的叠层体8a。
在此,在碳颗粒2a的表面附着的陶瓷用于构成陶瓷部3a。因此,在碳颗粒2a的表面附着的陶瓷的种类可以根据要形成的陶瓷部3a的种类适当选择。接合材料7a所含的陶瓷的组成可以均匀也可以不均匀。接合材料7a所含的陶瓷与第二部件5a的陶瓷的组成可以相同也可以不相同。
陶瓷的形状没有特别限定。例如,可以使陶瓷颗粒附着在碳颗粒2a的表面。此时,陶瓷颗粒的粒径优选在碳颗粒的粒径的1/100~1/5的范围内。在这种情况下,能够利用陶瓷颗粒将碳颗粒的实质上的全部的表面覆盖。陶瓷颗粒的粒径更优选在碳颗粒的粒径的1/50~1/10的范围内,进一步优选在1/40~1/20的范围内。
另外,可以在碳颗粒2a的表面形成100nm~20μm左右的厚度的陶瓷层。在这种情况下,表面上形成有陶瓷层的多个碳颗粒2a可以分别为颗粒状,也可以通过陶瓷层而形成为一体。即,可以将通过陶瓷层涂覆的多个碳颗粒2a配置在第一部件4a与第二部件5a之间,也可以配置具有与陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a实质上相同的形态的接合材料7a。换言之,接合材料7a可以由具有多个碳颗粒2a、和覆盖碳颗粒2a并将多个碳颗粒2a连接的陶瓷部3a的陶瓷-碳复合体构成。
表面附着有陶瓷的碳颗粒,例如可以通过气相法、液相法、使用混合机等将陶瓷与碳颗粒混合的机械混合法、浆料法或将这些方法组合的方法制作。作为气相法的具体例,可以列举化学气相蒸镀法(CVD法)、化学气相反应法(CVR法)等。作为液相法的具体例子,例如可以列举共沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法等。作为浆料法的具体例子,例如可以列举凝胶浇注法、带式浇注法等。
具有与陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a实质上相同的形态的接合材料7a。可以通过对由上述方法等制作的表面附着有陶瓷的碳颗粒进行烧制而制作。
在表面附着有陶瓷的碳颗粒为粉体的情况下,优选由表面附着有陶瓷的碳颗粒与树脂的混合物构成接合材料7a。在这种情况下,接合材料7a的处理变得容易。并且能够自由地调整接合材料7a的形状。例如,能够使接合材料7a形成为片状。通过接合材料7a含有树脂,接合材料7a能够侵入碳颗粒的细孔内。通过接合材料7a侵入碳颗粒的细孔内,能够提高第一部件4a与第二部件5a的接合强度。作为树脂,可以使用热塑性树脂或热固性树脂。优选树脂为热塑性树脂。具体而言,例如优选使用聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛等的树脂。
(烧制工序)
接着,对叠层体8a进行烧制。由此,能够不使用焊料等、利用陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a将由碳材料构成的第一部件4a、与由碳、陶瓷或金属构成的第二部件5a适当地接合。并且,也能够将无法利用螺栓等机械接合而接合的形状的第一部件4a和第二部件5a接合。
并且,在本实施方式的接合方法中,能够将第一部件4a与第二部件5a以高的接合强度接合。并且,能够得到难以发生第一部件4a与第二部件5a的剥离的碳材料接合体6a。并且,能够提高第一部件4a与第二部件5a之间的导热系数。
其中,叠层体的烧制温度和烧制时间、烧制气氛的种类、负载压力等可以根据使用的材料的种类、形状、大小等适当设定。叠层体的烧制温度例如可以为1000℃~2000℃左右。叠层体的烧制时间例如可以为5分钟~1天左右。烧制气氛的种类例如可以为氮、氩、氦等的不活泼气体气氛或真空中。负载压力例如可以为0MPa~40MPa左右。
下面,对本发明的优选实施方式的其他示例进行说明。在以下的说明中,对于与第二实施方式具有实质上相同的功能的部件标注相同的符号,省略说明。
(第三实施方式)
图8是第三实施方式的叠层体的截面示意图。下面,参照图8,对本实施方式的第一部件4a与第二部件5a的接合方法进行说明。
在本实施方式中,第二部件5a为颗粒状。在本实施方式中,在第一部件4a上配置颗粒状的第二部件5a与树脂9a的混合物,从而形成在树脂9a中分散有第二部件5a的树脂层10a。
树脂层10a的形成例如可以通过带式浇注法等进行。
接着,进行第一部件4a与树脂层10a的叠层体11a的烧制。由此,得到图9所示的、在第一部件4a的表面接合有经过烧制后的第二部件5a的碳材料接合体12a。
通过本实施方式的碳材料接合体12a的制造方法,能够将第一部件4a与第二部件5a以高的接合强度接合。
其中,关于烧制条件,可以与上述第二实施方式同样,根据使用的材料的种类、形状、大小等适当设定。
下面,基于具体的实施例进一步详细地对本发明进行说明。本发明不受以下的实施例任何限定。在不改变本发明的要点的范围内可以适当进行变更来实施。
(实施例7)
准备体积密度为1.8Mg/m3、弯曲强度为40MPa、线性热膨胀系数为4.7×10-6/K的各向同性石墨材料。使用该各向同性石墨材料作为第一部件4a。
接着,将平均粒径26μm的球晶石墨与氮化铝粉末(株式会社德山生产的grade H、平均粒径0.6μm、比表面积2.7m2/g)以体积比(球晶石墨的体积:氮化铝粉末的体积)80:20混合。在得到的混合物13.74g中添加作为分散剂的磷酸2-乙基己酯(リン酸2-ヘチルヘキシル)0.83g、作为溶剂的2-丁酮/乙醇混合物(体积比66:34)10g、作为粘合剂的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛2.5g和作为增塑剂的聚乙二醇/邻苯二甲酸苄基丁基醇混合物(质量比50:50)1.15g,制备混合物。用自转-公转混合机对得到的混合物进行搅拌,得到浆料。用刮刀法使得到的浆料成型为片状,在室温进行干燥,得到厚度150μm的石墨-氮化铝带。将该石墨-氮化铝带用作接合材料7a。
接着,在氮化铝粉末(株式会社德山生产的gradeH、平均粒径0.6μm、比表面积2.7m2/g)20g中添加作为分散剂的磷酸2-乙基己酯0.26g、作为溶剂的2-丁酮/乙醇混合物(体积比66:34)10.9g、作为粘合剂的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛2.18g和作为增塑剂的聚乙二醇/邻苯二甲酸苄基丁基醇混合物(质量比50:50)2.97g,制备混合物。用自转-公转混合机对得到的混合物进行搅拌,得到浆料。用刮刀法使得到的浆料成型为片状,在室温进行干燥,得到厚度140μm的分散有氮化铝颗粒的氮化铝带。将该氮化铝带用作第二部件5a。
接着,在由各向同性石墨材料构成的第一部件4a上,依次配置由石墨-氮化铝带构成的接合材料7a、和由氮化铝带构成的第二部件5a,制作叠层体8a。
接着,利用放电等离子体烧结法,将叠层体8a在30MPa的压力下、真空中、以1900℃保持5分钟。结果,得到由各向同性石墨材料构成的第一部件4a与由氮化铝构成的第二部件5a通过含有多个碳颗粒2a、和陶瓷部3a的陶瓷-石墨复合材料1a接合而成的碳材料接合体。
分别按照下述方法对实施例7中制作的碳材料接合体进行剥离状态的观察、三点弯曲试验。将结果与三点弯曲强度和体积密度一并示于下述表3。
〔剥离状态的观察〕
通过目测观察制备后的第一部件4a与第二部件5a的接合状态。
〔三点弯曲试验〕
使各向同性石墨的尺寸为宽度1.6mm×厚度1.6mm×长度20mm、支点间距离为15mm、十字头下降速度为0.5mm/min,除此以外按照JIS R7222进行测定。
(实施例8)
使用厚度1mm的AlN板代替氮化铝带作为第二部件5a,使放电等离子体烧结法中的烧结温度为1700℃,除此以外与实施例7同样操作,制作碳材料接合体。
接着,与实施例7同样操作对实施例8中制作的碳材料接合体进行剥离状态的观察、三点弯曲试验。将结果与三点弯曲强度和体积密度一并示于下述表3。
(实施例9)
使用厚度1mm的SiC板代替氮化铝带作为第二部件5a,使放电等离子体烧结法中的烧结温度为1700℃,除此以外与实施例7同样操作,得到碳材料接合体。
接着,与实施例7同样操作对实施例9中制作的碳材料接合体进行剥离状态的观察、三点弯曲试验。将结果与三点弯曲强度和体积密度一并示于下述表3。
(实施例10)
准备体积密度为1.8Mg/m3、弯曲强度为40MPa、线性热膨胀系数为4.7×10-6/K的各向同性石墨材料。使用该各向同性石墨材料作为第一部件4a。
在该第一部件4a上,配置与实施例7同样操作制作的氮化铝带构成的陶瓷层,制作叠层体11a。
接着,利用放电等离子体烧结法,将叠层体11a在30MPa的压力下、真空中、以1900℃保持5分钟。结果,得到由各向同性石墨材料构成的第一部件4a、与由氮化铝构成的颗粒状的第二部件5a直接接合的碳材料接合体。
接着,与实施例7同样操作对实施例10中制作的碳材料接合体进行剥离状态的观察、三点弯曲试验。将结果与三点弯曲强度和体积密度一并示于下述表3。
(比较例2)
与实施例7同样,使用体积密度为1.8Mg/m3、三点弯曲强度为40MPa、线性热膨胀系数为4.7×10-6/K的各向同性石墨材料作为第一部件4a。
在该第一部件4a上,配置与实施例7中制作氮化铝带时使用的同样的氮化铝粉末(1.5g),在该状态下,利用与实施例7同样的放电等离子体烧结法进行烧结,但是未能确认石墨与氮化铝的接合。
(比较例3)
与实施例7同样,使用体积密度为1.8Mg/m3、弯曲强度为40MPa、线性热膨胀系数为4.7×10-6/K的各向同性石墨材作为第一部件4a。
在该第一部件4a上,配置氮化铝板(厚度1mm),在该状态下,利用与实施例7同样的放电等离子体烧结法进行烧结,但是未能确认石墨与氮化铝的接合。
[表3]
〇:无剥离;×:有剥离。
符号说明
1   陶瓷-碳复合材料
2   碳颗粒
3   陶瓷部
4   金属材料
5   接合层
6   金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合材料的接合体
1a  陶瓷-石墨复合材料
2a  碳颗粒
3a  陶瓷部
4a  第一部件
5a  第二部件
6a  碳材料接合体
7a  接合材料
8a  叠层体
9a  树脂
10a 树脂层
11a 叠层体
12a 碳材料接合体

Claims (17)

1.一种碳材料接合体,其特征在于,具备:
由碳材料构成的第一部件;
由碳、陶瓷或金属构成的第二部件;和
将所述第一部件与所述第二部件接合的陶瓷-石墨复合材料,
所述陶瓷-石墨复合材料包含多个碳颗粒、和形成于所述多个碳颗粒之间的陶瓷部。
2.如权利要求1所述的碳材料接合体,其特征在于:
所述陶瓷部具有连续的结构。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的碳材料接合体,其特征在于:
所述陶瓷部由选自氮化铝、氧化铝、碳化硅、氮化硅、碳化硼、碳化钽、碳化铌、碳化锆、氧化锌、氧化硅和氧化锆中的至少一种形成。
4.一种碳材料接合体的制造方法,其特征在于:
所述碳材料接合体具备:由碳材料构成的第一部件,和由碳、陶瓷或金属构成且与所述第一部件接合的第二部件,
所述制造方法包括:
叠层体制作工序,在所述第一部件与所述第二部件之间,配置表面附着有陶瓷的碳颗粒,制作叠层体;和
烧制工序,对所述叠层体进行烧制。
5.如权利要求4所述的碳材料接合体的制造方法,其特征在于:
在所述叠层体制作工序中,在所述第一部件与所述第二部件之间,配置表面附着有陶瓷颗粒的碳颗粒。
6.如权利要求5所述的碳材料接合体的制造方法,其特征在于:
作为所述陶瓷颗粒,使用由选自氮化铝、氧化铝、碳化硅、氮化硅、碳化硼、碳化钽、碳化铌、碳化锆、氧化锌、氧化硅和氧化锆中的至少一种形成的陶瓷颗粒。
7.如权利要求4~6中任一项所述的碳材料接合体的制造方法,其特征在于:
在所述叠层体制作工序中,在所述第一部件与所述第二部件之间,配置表面附着有所述陶瓷的碳颗粒和树脂的混合物。
8.如权利要求7所述的碳材料接合体的制造方法,其特征在于:
作为所述树脂,使用热塑性树脂。
9.如权利要求4所述的碳材料接合体的制造方法,其特征在于:
在所述叠层体制作工序中,在所述第一部件与所述第二部件之间,配置陶瓷-碳复合体层,该陶瓷-碳复合体层具有多个碳颗粒、和覆盖所述碳颗粒并将所述多个碳颗粒连接的陶瓷部。
10.一种碳材料接合体用接合材料,其特征在于:
用于接合碳材料与由碳、陶瓷或金属构成的部件,
所述接合材料含有表面附着有陶瓷的多个碳颗粒。
11.如权利要求10所述的碳材料接合体用接合材料,其特征在于:
在所述碳颗粒的表面附着有陶瓷颗粒。
12.如权利要求10或11所述的碳材料接合体用接合材料,其特征在于:
还含有树脂。
13.如权利要求12所述的碳材料接合体用接合材料,其特征在于:
所述树脂为热塑性树脂。
14.如权利要求10所述的碳材料接合体用接合材料,其特征在于:
在所述碳颗粒的表面附着的所述陶瓷,覆盖所述碳颗粒,并将所述多个碳颗粒连接。
15.如权利要求10~14中任一项所述的碳材料接合体用接合材料,其特征在于:
其为片状。
16.一种碳材料接合体的制造方法,其特征在于:
所述碳材料接合体具备:由碳材料构成的第一部件、和由碳、陶瓷或金属构成且与所述第一部件接合的第二部件,
所述制造方法具备:在所述第一部件上,配置所述第二部件与树脂的混合物制作叠层体,并对制得的叠层体进行烧制的工序。
17.如权利要求16所述的碳材料接合体的制造方法,其特征在于:
所述第二部件为粉体。
CN201510097339.2A 2011-05-27 2012-05-22 金属材料与陶瓷-碳复合材料的接合体、其制造方法、碳材料接合体、碳材料接合体用接合材料和碳材料接合体的制造方法 Pending CN104744063A (zh)

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