CN104737871A

CN104737871A - Fruit-cracking preventing method for jun jujube cultivated in drought desert oasis in dwarf compact planting mode

Info

Publication number: CN104737871A
Application number: CN201510144712.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴翠云; 徐崇志; 林敏娟; 熊仁次; 李湘钰; 位杰
Original assignee: Tarim University
Current assignee: Tarim University
Priority date: 2015-03-30
Filing date: 2015-03-30
Publication date: 2015-07-01
Anticipated expiration: 2035-03-30
Also published as: CN104737871B

Abstract

A fruit-cracking preventing method for jun jujube cultivated in a drought desert oasis in a dwarf compact planting mode comprises the following steps of jujube garden mesh coverage, (2) jujube garden ground surface coverage, and (3) leaf surface fertilizer supplementation in the fruit developmental phase. By means of the fruit-cracking preventing method, the changes of the temperature and the humidity of a jujube garden are effectively controlled, dew formation on the surfaces of the jun jujube fruits is avoided, the photosynthetically active radiation of the jujube garden in the hottest month is properly lowered, the photosynthesis of leaves is enhanced, it is promoted that the jujube flesh tissue is compactly developed, the fruit cracking degree of the jun jujube is relieved through control over the two aspects of the internal cause and the external cause, so that the occurrence of black spots and rot of the jujube fruits is reduced, the purpose of increasing the high-quality fruit rate is achieved, and great significance is achieved on the healthy and sustainable development of the red jujube industrial in Sinkiang.

Description

A kind of method of dehiscent fruit of Field of Arid Hungriness Oasis Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing fine horse jujube

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method of dehiscent fruit of fine horse jujube, be specifically related to a kind of method of dehiscent fruit of Field of Arid Hungriness Oasis Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing fine horse jujube.

Background technology

The regional superiority shown unique characteristics in Xinjiang and sunlight-heat reaources advantage create impayable red date quality, make jujube industry become one of very important pillar of the economy industry of the dominant tree species of Xinjiang fruit industry development and Southern Xinjiang.At present, the red date of Xinjiang cultivation to be preponderated leading position with fine horse jujube, the large kind of grey jujube two, in live dense planting jujube garden especially in recent years, fine horse jujube kind because of its fruit large, product are of fine quality, make dry jujube product better mutually, and development area rapidly increases.But because jujube producing region, South Sinkiang, Xinjiang occupy Field of Arid Hungriness Oasis band mostly, belong to typical continental arid climate, although rainfall is less, but summer and autumn, day and night temperature was large, air humidity change is violent, usually there is dew condensation phenomenon in jujube garden, cause fine horse date fruit serious to crisp ripe phase dehiscent fruit in the white ripe phase, and then directly cause the generation of rot, become one of problem of the puzzlement vast jujube agriculture in Xinjiang, this disease often produces the loss brought in various degree to jujube tree, loss can reach more than 50%, seriously governs the development of red dates industry.Therefore, to prevent or what alleviate dehiscent fruit phenomenon is one of key technology urgently to be resolved hurrily of dense planting jujube garden fine horse jujube high yield and quality cultivation.

At present, in view of fine horse date fruit is ripe in crisp ripe phase pericarp membrane apoptosis in vain, lose the ability of regulation and control to moisture Selective absorber, pulp is caused to absorb water in a large number, produce turgescence, there is dehiscent fruit, the moisture of Root Absorption can flow to jujube fruit and cause the limited use of dehiscent fruit thus, and acrial part jujube fruit pericarp position is assembled rainwater or dew and blade for a long time and is directly absorbed water and to play a leading role to dehiscent fruit, if fruit occurs to burn day, the degree that aggravation dehiscent fruit occurs, the incidence simultaneously with black spot, rot is also high.In prior art adopt build plastic film greenhouse to prevent and treat day burn, the such as cultivation method of red date high yield anti-fruit-cracking disclosed in CN201210037942.8, but only just hide plastic foil in the rainy day, and only hide plastic foil at the top of big-canopy framework and middle and upper part, the effect of burning anti-day can not be played.And prior art utilizes mulch film short-term to cover or after jujube cultivation the technology of buckle film to regulate and control temp. and humidity, such as CN200710068110.1 discloses a kind of method of mulch film anti-fruit-cracking, covering with plastic film before rainfall, pack up after rainfall, though rainwater when ensureing great rainfall amount in short-term infiltrates fruit tree root, meeting the sharply change that rain causes soil moisture after avoiding arid, impelling dehiscent fruit by absorbing; Also can prevent Yin Gaowen, long-time covering with plastic film, bring soil temperature to raise, affect the demand of root system to oxygen, it can thus be appreciated that can not covering with plastic film for a long time, and this invention troublesome poeration.CN201110360205.7 discloses a kind of method of preventing and treating smoked red date dehiscent fruit, and after smoked red date cultivation, buckle film heats up, and within 1 year, waters four water, carries out humiture control and each irrigation amount is also excessive, make pericarp position assemble large quantity of moisture 5 periods.Therefore, the plan of seeking a kind of anti-fruit-cracking method for integrated control having the moisture burning and eliminate pericarp position anti-day concurrently and being only is explored.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, provides a kind of method of dehiscent fruit of Field of Arid Hungriness Oasis Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing fine horse jujube.

The technical scheme that the present invention solves the employing of its technical problem is that a kind of method of dehiscent fruit of Field of Arid Hungriness Oasis Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing fine horse jujube, comprises the following steps:

(1) jujube garden grenadine covers: after fruit development to stone phase, above tree crown, 30 ~ 50cm place sets up sunshade net;

(2) jujube garden ground mulching: follow in jujube tree both sides to the wide mulch film of covering 1 ~ 1.5 meter, and in the fruit white ripe phase to crisp ripe phase, weekly jujube garden drip irrigation 1 time, each drip irrigation amount with top layer 10 ~ 15cm ground moistening for degree;

(3) fruit development period blade face supplementary fertilizer: fruit white ripe phase to crisp ripe phase, blade face sprays 2 ~ 3 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphates continuously, 1 week, interval, sprays 1 ~ 2 amino acid calcareous fertilisers, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid, and other tree body pruning and field fertilization administration base Routine Management technology are carried out.

Further, in step (1), described sunshade net selects 40 ~ 60 objects white insect protected gauzes, and Shading intensity is >=individual layer of light transmittance 80% or double-deck gauze.

In Southern Xinjiang, summer and autumn, photosynthetic active radiation was strong, temperature is high, the present invention's not only Effective Regulation Liao Zao garden temp. and humidity change, prevent fine horse date fruit surface sweating, and moderately reduce the photosynthetic active radiation in jujube garden the hottest month, enhance the photosynthesis of blade, promote that jujube pulp organization grows consolidation, the dehiscent fruit degree of fine horse jujube is alleviated from internal cause and the regulation and control of external cause two aspect, and then reduce the generation of date fruit black spot, rot, and reach the object improving high quality fruit rate, significant to Xinjiang red dates industry sustainable health development.Experiment proves, set up gauze canopy and coordinate earth's surface trace drip irrigation, Cracking fruit comparatively contrasts and on average reduces by 25.58%, and black spot reduces 28.57%.Set up sunshade net and coordinate blade face supplementary fertilizer, anti-fruit-cracking effect is more remarkable, and Cracking fruit and black spot reduce by 29.88% and 33.76% respectively.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is illustrated further.

Embodiment 1

This experimental study was carried out in 2013 ~ 2014 years in the Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang one teacher ten 5 years, 6 years raw dense planting jujube gardens, planting density 1 × 1.5m, and kind is fine horse jujube, adopted coronule to dredge layer shape Training system,

(1) after fruit development to stone phase, (late July is to early August) sets up sunshade net, Shading intensity is light transmittance 80%, sunshade net material selection 50 object white insect protected gauze, sunshade net height is advisable with 30cm ~ 50cm place above the tree crown of jujube garden, and south-north direction covers whole tree crown.Set up sunshade net and effectively can promote that fruit alleviates the generation of Fruit sunburn phenomenon, contribute to the dew condensation phenomenon reducing jujube garden fruit surface and blade face, alleviate the incidence of dehiscent fruit, then reduce the generation of fruit decomposing disease, black spot.

(2) to follow in jujube tree both sides to the wide mulch film of covering 1 meter, and in the fruit white ripe phase to crisp ripe phase, weekly jujube garden drip irrigation 1 time, each drip irrigation amount with top layer 10 ~ 15cm ground moistening for degree, to keep ground moistening and loose.By micro-drip irrigation and overlay film, reduce surface evaporation, not only reduce jujube garden temperature difference per day round the clock and air humidity poor, and the intensity of illumination below the tree crown of jujube garden can be improved, promotion fruit development and annesl.

(3) in fruit white ripe phase to the crisp ripe phase, blade face sprays 2 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphates continuously, 1 week, interval, sprays 1 amino acid calcareous fertilisers, 600 times of liquid, and other tree body pruning and field fertilization administrative skill are carried out according to Routine Management technology.

Experimental result shows, and set up gauze canopy and coordinate earth's surface trace drip irrigation, Cracking fruit comparatively contrasts average reduction by 25.58%, and black spot reduces 28.57%.Set up sunshade net and coordinate blade face supplementary fertilizer, anti-fruit-cracking effect is more remarkable, and Cracking fruit and black spot reduce by 29.88% and 33.76% respectively.

Claims

1. a method of dehiscent fruit for Field of Arid Hungriness Oasis Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing fine horse jujube, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:

(3) fruit development period blade face supplementary fertilizer: fruit white ripe phase to crisp ripe phase, blade face sprays 2 ~ 3 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphates continuously, 1 week, interval, sprays 1 ~ 2 amino acid calcareous fertilisers, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid, and other tree body pruning and field fertilization administrative skill are carried out according to Routine Management technology.

2. the method for dehiscent fruit of Field of Arid Hungriness Oasis Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing fine horse jujube according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (1), described sunshade net selects 40 ~ 60 objects white insect protected gauzes, and Shading intensity is >=individual layer of light transmittance 80% or double-deck gauze.