CN111233546A - Method for preventing jujube from cracking fruit and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for preventing jujube from cracking fruit and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111233546A CN111233546A CN202010181037.4A CN202010181037A CN111233546A CN 111233546 A CN111233546 A CN 111233546A CN 202010181037 A CN202010181037 A CN 202010181037A CN 111233546 A CN111233546 A CN 111233546A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preventing jujube from cracking fruit and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of agriculture, and the method for preventing jujube from cracking fruit comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of planting jujube trees on inclined ridges with high middle parts and low two sides, loosening soil for the first time before one week in a jujube coloring period, spraying water to crowns of the jujube trees every 4-6 days from a fruit expansion period, and applying liquid fertilizer to the crowns every 9-11 days. The method not only can effectively reduce the fruit cracking rate of the jujubes, but also has low cost and simple and convenient operation, and is particularly suitable for being used in jujube gardens in arid and water-deficient areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for preventing jujube from cracking and application thereof.
Background
Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is the first choice of trees with economic and ecological benefits for developing water-saving forest and fruit industry in arid and semi-arid regions in Xinjiang, and has become the first big tree species for farmers in Xinjiang to delight and enrich.
The dehiscent fruit is a common physiological disease in jujube production, the fruit surface can be dehiscent when encountering continuous rainy days in the brittle stage, the fruit flesh is exposed, the fruit is rotted and becomes sour, the commodity value is lost, the yield is reduced by over 60 percent, even the fruit is extremely low, the high yield is not high, and the dehiscent fruit is one of the bottlenecks for limiting the optimized production of the jujube industry. At present, the methods for preventing jujube fruit cracking are more, mainly including promoting the growth and development of fruit peel by chemical drugs, building a shed to avoid rain, preventing pollination at the early stage of flowering from promoting pollination at the later stage of flowering to stagger the fruit brittle stage and rainy season, using various fertilizers to enhance tree vigor to prevent fruit cracking at the brittle stage, selecting anti-cracking varieties and the like. However, the method has poor effect of preventing jujube fruit cracking.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preventing jujube from cracking, which not only can effectively reduce the fruit cracking rate of jujubes, but also has low cost and simple and convenient operation, and is particularly suitable for being used in jujube gardens in arid and water-deficient areas.
The method for preventing the date from cracking comprises the following steps:
adopting a slope ridge with a high middle part and two low sides to plant the jujube trees;
performing first soil loosening one week before the date coloring period;
spraying water to the crown of the jujube tree every 4-6 days from the fruit expansion period, and applying liquid fertilizer to the crown every 9-11 days.
Further, the sloped ridge includes:
the first inclined plane and the second inclined plane are intersected and gradually far away from each other along the gravity direction;
a first vertical plane intersecting the first inclined plane and a second vertical plane intersecting the soil, the second vertical plane intersecting the second inclined plane,
the height of the first vertical surface and the height of the second vertical surface are respectively and independently 20-30cm, the height of the intersection of the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface is 30-40cm, and the width of the inclined surface ridge is 60-90 cm.
Furthermore, ground cloth is laid on the outer surface of the inclined ridge;
preferably, the ground fabric comprises a grass-protection ground fabric;
preferably, the ground fabric extends to a depth of 10-15cm into the soil.
Further, the first loosening comprises loosening the soil between two adjacent inclined ridges;
preferably, the depth of the first loose soil is 9-11 cm.
Further, watering the soil for planting the jujube trees 10 days before the jujube coloring period;
preferably, the first loosening is performed when the relative moisture content of the watered soil is reduced to 74-76%.
Further, after the first soil loosening, when the relative water content of the soil after rain is reduced to 74-76%, performing second soil loosening on the soil between two adjacent inclined ridges;
preferably, the depth of the second loose soil is 14-16 cm;
preferably, the first and second loosening means each independently comprise rotary tillage.
Further, the time for spraying water to the crown of the jujube tree is 11: 00-15: 00.
further, the liquid fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
applying 0.3% of calcium sulfate, 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.15% of urea and the balance of water;
preferably, the manner of applying the liquid fertilizer comprises spraying;
preferably, the time of application of the liquid fertilizer is 11:00 before and/or 15:00 thereafter.
Further, the jujube comprises ash jujube and/or jun jujube, and jun jujube is preferred.
Use of a method as hereinbefore described for planting jujube trees.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can at least obtain the following beneficial effects:
the method for planting the jujube trees by adopting the inclined ridges with the high middle part and the low two sides has the effects of preventing fruit cracking caused by the increase of the small environmental humidity of the tree crowns due to water accumulated at the periphery of the tree trunks in ① rainy season, reducing the evaporation of water on the surface of soil under the trees in ② arid period, thereby preventing the weakness of the tree bodies caused by the drought of the soil and delaying the fruit growth time, preventing the growth of weeds under the trees, reducing the nutrient loss, reducing the dew amount in autumn and reducing the small environmental air humidity of the tree crowns, maintaining the soil loosening in the early fruit coloring period to be beneficial to maintaining the water capacity of the surface layer of the soil, preventing the evaporation of the water under the soil, reducing the humidity effect of rainwater on the fruits, simultaneously keeping the orchard clean, preventing the dew effect of the weeds and also reducing the plant diseases and insect pests, exercising the fruit expansion elasticity by spraying water to the tree crowns in the fruit expanding period, enhancing the toughness, reducing the damage of high-temperature and strong climate to the tree bodies to a certain extent, simultaneously applying nutrients added to the tree crowns to delay the growth stop time of the fruits, maintaining certain elasticity of the fruit cracking caused by slight water absorption, and improving the fruit yield and the fruit cracking rate of the jujube trees.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a ridge with a slant surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
In one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preventing dehiscence of jujubes, which comprises:
adopting a slope ridge with a high middle part and two low sides to plant the jujube trees; performing first soil loosening one week before the date coloring period; spraying water to the crown of the jujube tree every 4-6 days (for example, 4 days, 5 days or 6 days) from the fruit expanding period, and applying liquid fertilizer to the crown every 9-11 days (for example, 9 days, 10 days or 11 days).
The method for planting the jujube trees by adopting the inclined ridges with the high middle part and the low two sides has the effects of preventing fruit cracking caused by the increase of the small environmental humidity of the tree crowns due to water accumulated at the periphery of the tree trunks in ① rainy season, reducing the evaporation of water on the surface of soil under the trees in ② arid period, thereby preventing the weakness of the tree bodies caused by the drought of the soil and delaying the fruit growth time, preventing the growth of weeds under the trees, reducing the nutrient loss, reducing the dew amount in autumn and reducing the small environmental air humidity of the tree crowns, maintaining the soil loosening in the early fruit coloring period to be beneficial to maintaining the water capacity of the surface layer of the soil, preventing the evaporation of the water under the soil, reducing the humidity effect of rainwater on the fruits, simultaneously keeping the orchard clean, preventing the dew effect of the weeds and also reducing the plant diseases and insect pests, exercising the fruit expansion elasticity by spraying water to the tree crowns in the fruit expanding period, enhancing the toughness, reducing the damage of high-temperature and strong climate to the tree bodies to a certain extent, simultaneously applying nutrients added to the tree crowns to delay the growth stop time of the fruits, maintaining certain elasticity of the fruit cracking caused by slight water absorption, and improving the fruit yield and the fruit cracking rate of the jujube trees.
In some embodiments of the invention, the time of the coloring period is 8 months 10-20 days, and one week before the coloring period is one week before from 8 months 10; the fruit expansion period is about 7 months and 20 days, and every 5 days or every 10 days from the fruit expansion period means every 5 days or every 10 days from 7 months and 20 days.
Compared with the mode of spraying water or applying a liquid chemical fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the jujube trees, the method has the advantages that the crown of the jujube trees is sprayed with water at intervals of 4-6 days in the fruit expansion period, so that the fruit expansion elasticity is exercised, the toughness is enhanced, the damage of high-temperature, high-light and drought climate to the trees is relieved to a certain extent, the nutrient added to the crown by the liquid chemical fertilizer is applied to delay the growth stop time of the fruit epidermis, the fruit epidermis is kept to have certain elasticity, and the fruit cracking caused by slight water absorption is reduced.
In some embodiments of the invention, referring to fig. 1, the sloped ridge comprises:
a first inclined plane 100 and a second inclined plane 200 intersecting, the first inclined plane 100 and the second inclined plane 200 being gradually distant from each other in a direction along gravity;
a first vertical plane 300 and a second vertical plane 400 intersecting the soil 1, the first vertical plane 300 intersecting the first inclined plane 100, the second vertical plane 400 intersecting the second inclined plane 200,
the height H1 of the first vertical surface 300 and the height H2 of the second vertical surface 400 are 20-30cm (for example, 20cm, 25cm or 30cm and the like) independently, the height H3 of the intersection of the first inclined surface 100 and the second inclined surface 200 is 30-40cm (for example, 30cm, 35cm or 40cm and the like), the width W of the inclined ridges is 60-90cm (for example, 60cm, 65cm, 70cm, 75cm, 80cm, 85cm or 90cm and the like), therefore, ① rainy season prevents the increase of canopy microenvironment humidity caused by water accumulation around the trunk from fruit cracking, ② drought period reduces the evaporation of water on the surface of soil under the tree, thereby preventing the weakness of the tree body caused by soil drought, delaying the fruit growth time, ③ prevents the growth of weeds under the tree, reduces the nutrient loss, reduces the amount of dew and reduces the canopy microenvironment humidity in autumn.
It should be noted that the first vertical surface and the second vertical surface extend in the direction of gravity.
In some embodiments of the invention, the outer surface of the ramp ridge is paved with ground cloth. Therefore, the evaporation of the moisture in the soil under the tree body can be effectively controlled, and the moisture can be provided for the metabolic activity of the tree body for a long time.
In some embodiments of the invention, the ground fabric comprises a grass protection ground fabric. Therefore, the weeding composition can play a role in preventing weeds, save weeding cost, keep an orchard clean and reduce plant diseases and insect pests.
In some embodiments of the invention, the ground fabric extends to a depth of 10-15cm (e.g., may be 10cm, 13cm, 15cm, etc.) of the soil. Thereby, a firm fixing of the ground is facilitated.
In some embodiments of the invention, the first loose soil comprises loose soil between two adjacent slope ridges, and the depth of the first loose soil is 9-11cm (for example, 9cm, 10cm or 11cm and the like), so that the first loose soil can increase the water capacity of the upper layer of the soil on one hand and can destroy soil capillaries on the other hand to prevent evaporation of water in the lower layer of the soil.
It can be understood that, when jujube trees are planted, the jujube trees are generally planted in rows, the inclined ridge adopted by each row of jujube trees extends along the row to form a whole row of inclined ridges, and the soil between two adjacent inclined ridges can be the soil between two adjacent rows of inclined ridges.
In some embodiments of the invention, the soil in which the jujube tree is planted is watered 10 days before the jujube coloring period; the first loosening is performed when the relative moisture content of the watered soil is reduced to 74-76% (for example, 74%, 75%, 76%, etc.).
In some embodiments of the invention, after the first loosening, when the relative moisture content of the soil after rain drops to 74-76% (e.g. 74%, 75% or 76%, etc.), the soil between two adjacent slope ridges is subjected to a second loosening. Therefore, soil loosening after rain can promote evaporation of water on the surface layer of the soil as soon as possible, so that air humidity of the orchard is prevented from rising.
In some embodiments of the invention, the depth of the second loose soil is 14-16cm (for example, 14cm, 15cm or 16cm and the like), relative to the depth, when the depth of the second loose soil is too shallow, ① weeds are easy to recover and increase weeding cost, when ② rainfall occurs, the moisture content which can be contained by the soil is reduced, so that water is accumulated on the surface of the soil, when ③ drought occurs, the damage depth of soil capillaries is insufficient, the effect of reducing evaporation of soil moisture is not obvious, when the depth of the second loose soil is too deep, ① increases the loosening cost, and when ② loose soil is too deep, the machine and personnel are inconvenient to drive between rows.
In some embodiments of the invention, the means for first and second loosening the soil each independently comprises rotary tillage. Therefore, the operation is simple and convenient, and the realization is easy.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the water spraying time for the crown of the jujube tree is 11: 00-15: 00. therefore, the elasticity of the fruits is favorably exercised, and the crack resistance of water swelling is enhanced. With respect to the above time, when the time of spraying water is earlier than 11:00 or later than 15:00 hours, because the air humidity during this time period is inherently high, the effect of spray moisture on increasing the microenvironment humidity of the crown is not obvious, but 11: 00-15: 00, spraying water between the trees to facilitate the exercise of fruit elasticity, thereby enhancing the cracking resistance of water absorption expansion, improving the small environment air humidity of the tree crowns and reducing the harm of high temperature drought to the tree bodies.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the liquid fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.3 percent of calcium sulfate, 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.15 percent of urea and the balance of water. The components such as N, P, K in the liquid fertilizer promote the growth and development of fruits and delay the time point when the epidermal cells of the fruits stop dividing, thereby keeping the epidermal layers of the fruits tough.
The balance of water refers to the balance of water in the liquid fertilizer, except for applying calcium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, urea and other possible components, that is, the sum of the mass percentages of the calcium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, urea, other possible components and water in the liquid fertilizer is 100%.
In some embodiments of the invention, the manner of applying the liquid fertilizer comprises spraying; the time for applying the liquid fertilizer is 11:00 before and/or 15:00 thereafter. With respect to the above time, when the time of application of the liquid fertilizer is later than 11:00 and earlier than 15: when 00 hours, the air holes of the jujube tree leaves are basically closed, and nutrients are sprayed in the time period to be unfavorable for the absorption and utilization of the leaves.
In some embodiments of the invention, the dates comprise ash dates and/or jun dates, preferably jun dates.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the method for preventing dehiscence of jujube comprises the steps of:
1. the method comprises the following steps of forming an inclined ridge with a high middle part and low two sides at two sides of a jujube tree along a row direction, wherein the width and the height of the inclined ridge are determined according to a cultivation mode, the width of a common inclined ridge is controlled within the range of 60-90cm, the height of the intersection of a first inclined plane and a second inclined plane is within the range of 30-40cm, and the height of a first vertical plane and the height of a second vertical plane are within the range of 20-30 cm;
2. spraying water to the tree crown every 5 days from the fruit expanding period (about 7 months and 20 days), wherein the water spraying strength is suitable for overflowing from the surfaces of the leaves and the fruits, the spraying time is preferably 11:00 to 15:00, and the elasticity of the fruits is exercised, so that the cracking resistance of water absorption expansion is enhanced;
3. after the fruit expansion period, spraying a mixed solution of calcium sulfate (0.3%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.2%) and urea (0.15%) to the tree crown once every 10 days, wherein the spraying strength is suitable for spraying water on the surfaces of leaves and the fruits, the spraying time is suitable for spraying water before 11:00 am and after 15:00 pm, and the components such as N, P, K in the mixed solution promote the growth and development of the fruits and delay the time point that epidermal cells of the fruits stop dividing, so that the epidermal layers of the fruits maintain toughness;
4. and (3) watering the orchard 10 days before the fruit coloring period (8 months and 10-20 days) (namely 10 days from 8 months and 10 days), and when the relative water content of the orchard soil is reduced to 75%, carrying out rotary tillage on the inter-row part of the unpaved ground cloth, wherein the soil loosening depth is 10cm, the rotary tillage on the surface layer of the soil can improve the water holding capacity of the upper layer of the soil on the one hand, and can destroy soil capillaries on the other hand to prevent the evaporation of the water of the lower layer of the soil on the other hand. In the later stage, when the relative water content of the soil is reduced to 75% in rainy days, the soil is immediately subjected to rotary tillage again, the soil loosening depth is preferably 15cm, the moisture on the surface layer of the soil is evaporated as soon as possible, and the air humidity of the orchard is prevented from rising. And after rain, rotary tillage promotes evaporation of water on the surface layer of the soil as soon as possible.
In a red date main planting area in an arid and semi-arid area (such as Xinjiang), as rainwater is encountered in the first ten days of 9 months, jun dates in a brittle stage have fruit cracking phenomena of different degrees, in the prior art, general methods of promoting the extending time of the growth and development of fruit peels by chemical drugs, building a shed to avoid rain, preventing pollination results in the early stage of full flower, promoting the pollination results in the later stage of full flower to stagger the fruit brittle stage and the rainy season, enhancing tree vigor by using various fertilizers, preventing fruit cracking in the brittle stage, selecting crack-resistant varieties and the like are used for preventing fruit cracking; although chemical prevention measures (such as pesticide for preventing fruit cracking) reduce the fruit cracking rate of red dates to a certain extent, phytohormone and partial pesticide contained in the red dates are not used properly, so that the food safety problem is caused; the method for maintaining the relative water content of the soil by watering cannot be realized in the water source deficient area, is not suitable for the plain windy area of Xinjiang, has higher cost, and is easy to be burnt in the plastic in the strong light high-temperature arid area of Xinjiang; the method for preventing pollination results in the early stage of full bloom from promoting pollination results in the late stage of full bloom can miss the early 9 months rainy season of fruits in the brittle stage, but the requirement on later-stage management is high, and the quality of the fruits can be influenced if the management measures cannot be kept up to the standard; the improvement of the tree vigor by enhancing the water and fertilizer management also has a certain effect of alleviating the fruit cracking, but is difficult to realize in the areas with serious shortage of arid and semi-dry water resources in Xinjiang. In the invention, comprehensive measures of reducing soil water evaporation, enhancing the water absorption characteristic of the soil surface layer, enhancing the water absorption expansion crack resistance of fruits, delaying the division stop period of fruit epidermal cells and the like are adopted, so that the fruit cracking rate of jun jujubes can be effectively reduced, and the method has the advantages of low cost, simple and convenient operation and less labor capacity, and is particularly suitable for being used in red date gardens in water-deficient areas.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a use of the method as described above in planting jujube trees.
Some embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples. The embodiments described below and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.
Examples
Example 1
The method for preventing jujube from cracking fruit comprises the following steps:
1. the method comprises the following steps of forming an inclined ridge with the middle high and the two low sides at the two sides of a jujube tree along the row direction, wherein the width of the inclined ridge is 75cm, the height of the intersection of a first inclined plane and a second inclined plane is 35cm, the height of a first vertical plane and a second vertical plane is 25cm, then paving a grass-prevention ground cloth on the surface of the inclined ridge, plugging the part of the ground cloth at the two sides of the inclined ridge into the depth of 13cm of soil, burying and treading the ground cloth with soil, ensuring no gap when paving the ground cloth, effectively controlling the evaporation of soil moisture under the tree body, and playing a grass-prevention role;
2. spraying water to the tree crown every 5 days from the fruit expanding period (7 months and 20 days), wherein the water spraying strength is suitable for overflowing from the surfaces of the leaves and the fruits, and the spraying time is preferably 11:00 to 15: 00;
3. after the fruit expansion period, spraying a mixed solution of calcium sulfate (0.3%), monopotassium phosphate (0.2%) and urea (0.15%) on the tree crown once every 10 days, wherein the spraying strength is suitable for spraying water on the surfaces of leaves and fruits, and the spraying time is 11:00 in the morning and 15:00 in the afternoon;
4. watering the orchard 10 days before the fruit coloring period (8 months and 15 days), carrying out rotary tillage on the inter-row part without ground cloth and loosening the soil (first loosening the soil) when the relative water content of the orchard soil is reduced to 75%, wherein the loosening depth is 10cm, immediately carrying out rotary tillage again (second loosening the soil) when the relative water content of the soil is reduced to 75% in the later period in rainy days, and the loosening depth is 15 cm.
Example 2
The method for preventing jujube fruit cracking is the same as that in the example 1, except that the depth of the first loose soil is 9 cm.
Example 3
The method for preventing jujube fruit cracking is the same as that in the example 1, except that the depth of the first loose soil is 11 cm.
Example 4
The method for preventing jujube fruit cracking is the same as that in the example 1, except that the depth of the first loose soil is 6 cm.
Example 5
The method for preventing jujube fruit cracking is the same as that in the embodiment 1, except that the depth of the first loose soil is 20 cm.
Example 6
The method for preventing jujube fruit cracking is the same as the example 1, except that the water spraying time in the step 2 is 9: 00-10: 00.
example 7
The method for preventing jujube fruit cracking is the same as the example 1, except that the water spraying time in the step 2 is 17: 00-18: 00.
example 8
The method for preventing jujube fruit cracking is the same as the example 1, except that the spraying time in the step 3 is 13: 00-14: 00.
comparative example 1
The method for preventing jujube fruit cracking is a chemical prevention measure, and comprises the following specific operation steps: and (2) spraying the mixed solution (the mixed solution comprises the following components, by mass, 0.3% of calcium sulfate, 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.15% of urea and the balance of water) to the tree crown once every 10 days after the fruit expansion period, wherein the spraying strength is preferably water spraying on the surfaces of the leaves and the fruits, and the spraying time is 11:00 in the morning and 15:00 in the afternoon.
Comparative example 2
The method for preventing the jujube from fruit cracking is a method for delaying the full-bloom stage to avoid the meeting of the white-crisp stage of the jujube and the rainy season (the full-bloom stage of the jujube meets continuous rainy weather (the peak stage is generally at the beginning of 9 months)), and the specific operation steps are that the method is generally suitable for dwarfing and dense planting gardens, 3-8 buds (the specific number of the buds are set according to planting density and a management mode) are reserved on a main branch (a jujube head branch or a secondary branch) during pruning in winter every year, so that most of the annual yield is fruiting on a new tip (an annual branch), the full-bloom stage of the annual branch is delayed by about 15-25 days compared with the perennial period, the white-crisp stage is also delayed by about 10-20 days, the white-crisp stage of most fruits after the rainy season is realized, fruit cracking is avoided, but the fruit plumpness and color of the fruits are not as good as fruits on the annual branch.
Comparative example 3
The method for preventing jujube fruit cracking is a method for enhancing water and fertilizer management, and comprises the following specific operation steps: before watering in autumn and before watering in winter, applying well-decomposed farmyard manure (the application amount is 4-5 times of the yield of the jujube tree) to each jujube tree; before sprouting water is irrigated in the next year, 0.35 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 0.25 kg of phosphate fertilizer are applied to each jujube tree; before watering in the flowering period, 0.2 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.25 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 0.15 kg of potassium fertilizer are applied to each jujube tree; before watering in the fruit expanding period, 0.1 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.15 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 0.2 kg of potassium fertilizer are applied to each jujube tree. The fertilizing method is mainly a ditch fertilizing method (in rows), and the fertilizing position is preferably 50-80 cm away from the trunk.
The method comprises the following steps of selecting 11 rows of jun jujube trees, wherein ten jujube trees are planted by the methods of examples 1-8 and comparative examples 1-3, and after fruits are ripe, the fruit cracking rate of the fruits of the jujube trees corresponding to the examples and the comparative examples is shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
| Rate of fruit cracking | |
| Example 1 | 89.3％ |
| Example 2 | 87.1％ |
| Example 3 | 87.8％ |
| Example 4 | 87.6％ |
| Example 5 | 86.9％ |
| Example 6 | 88.0％ |
| Example 7 | 87.7％ |
| Example 8 | 87.1％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 63.8％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 81.0％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 70.4％ |
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for preventing date from cracking is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adopting a slope ridge with a high middle part and two low sides to plant the jujube trees;
performing first soil loosening one week before the date coloring period;
spraying water to the crown of the jujube tree every 4-6 days from the fruit expansion period, and applying liquid fertilizer to the crown every 9-11 days.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the beveled ridges comprise:
the first inclined plane and the second inclined plane are intersected and gradually far away from each other along the gravity direction;
a first vertical plane intersecting the first inclined plane and a second vertical plane intersecting the soil, the second vertical plane intersecting the second inclined plane,
the height of the first vertical surface and the height of the second vertical surface are respectively and independently 20-30cm, the height of the intersection of the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface is 30-40cm, and the width of the inclined surface ridge is 60-90 cm.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer surface of the sloping ridges is paved with ground cloth;
preferably, the ground fabric comprises a grass-protection ground fabric;
preferably, the ground fabric extends to a depth of 10-15cm into the soil.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first loosening comprises loosening soil between two adjacent beveled ridges;
preferably, the depth of the first loose soil is 9-11 cm.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the soil for planting the jujube trees is watered 10 days before the jujube coloring period;
preferably, the first loosening is performed when the relative moisture content of the watered soil is reduced to 74-76%.
6. The method as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein after the first loosening, when the relative moisture content of the soil after rain is reduced to 74-76%, the soil between two adjacent slope ridges is subjected to second loosening;
preferably, the depth of the second loose soil is 14-16 cm;
preferably, the first and second loosening means each independently comprise rotary tillage.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, 2, 4 or 5, wherein the water spraying time for the crown of the jujube tree is 11: 00-15: 00.
8. the method as claimed in claim 1, 2, 4 or 5, characterized in that said liquid fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
applying 0.3% of calcium sulfate, 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.15% of urea and the balance of water;
preferably, the manner of applying the liquid fertilizer comprises spraying;
preferably, the time of application of the liquid fertilizer is 11:00 before and/or 15:00 thereafter.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dates comprise ash dates and/or jun dates, preferably jun dates.
10. Use of a method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for growing jujube trees.
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