CN1046803A - 开口容器内流动性混合物料料位调节法 - Google Patents
开口容器内流动性混合物料料位调节法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及开口容器内流动性混合物料料位的调节法。其中至少一种组份的物料经由一计量供料螺杆而向所述料位调节容器供应,所述计量供料螺杆的马达接受来自至少一个传感器的信号的控制,调节转速。传感器是用来检测容器内混合物的料位的。当料位偏离时,马达转速只要作最小的改变,即可使料位恢复至平均料位高度。
Description
本发明涉及一种对具有一个开口的容器内的、至少由两种组份组成的可流动性物料的料位调节方法,特别是一种挤压机供料斗内的料位调节法,其中料位至少由一个传感器件检测,所述传感器至少控制一种组份物料的加料速度。
在多种物料混合方法中,尤其是向一个挤压机的供料斗内装填塑料颗粒的场合下,均须对物料供应量加以控制,使得容器或斗内的平均料位保持恒定,尽可能波动小些,尽管物料是连续不断地从所述容器中排出。
图1所示为现有技术挤压机设备。在该设备中,颗粒状物料和切下的碎边料被混合制成挤出平板。其中传统型挤压机1的供料螺杆是驱动马达2驱动的。从缝型模头3挤出的平板4,经过一个冷却辊筒5和一个弯曲辊筒6,到达一个修边装置7。从平板4两侧切离的边料,通过一个切碎机9,进入一鼓风机10,并由管道11回送至挤压机1的供料斗12。由图可见,供料斗12是由园柱形颈管13和挤压机1固定在一起的。在颈管13上设有两个传感器14和15,二者间隔开一定距离,以便感应要在挤压机内熔融的物料的不同料位。正如已谈到那样,上述物料内包括一小部分切碎的边料。绝大部分物料为颗粒状物料。一种颗粒状物料由计量斗16供给和它相连的主供料斗12,而另一种颗粒状物料由计量斗17供应,后者亦和主供料斗12相连。物料的供应是由计量螺杆18、19来实现的,该二螺杆由马达20和21驱动。主驱动马达2和马达20、21均由控制线22、23及24与调节装置25连接。藉此,使马达20和21在依赖于马达2之前提下受到控制,亦即,如果挤压机1以较高的输出量运转,以致驱动马达2的转速较高,则计量斗16和17的马达20与21亦以较高转速运转。如已提到,柱形颈管13内的料位,是由传感器14和15来控制的。因此当挤压机出料量大于入料量时,计量斗16和17即不断提供物料,与切碎的边料混合,进入供料斗12内,直至传感器15检测出物料。这时,计量斗16和17的两个马达20和21即停止运行,直至颈管13内的物料料位又下降至被传感器14检测的高度为止。但这时,切碎的边料仍连续不断地经由导管11而供给,这意味着在一个短时间内,将只有切碎的边料充入挤压机1内。挤压机内充入过量的松散的边料,会导致挤压机内的压力波动,并有物料从中挤出。压力波动及物料挤出会导致挤出平板上出现明显的纹路。这是传统位调节方法所具的一种缺点。
此外,传统的料位调节法还具有以下缺点:料位波动太大;在多种组合物组成物料情况下,调节过程中混合比会变化;而且无法精确测定混合比。
本发明的目的是提供一种新的料位调节方法,采用该方法,尽管设备内的物料连续不断地排出,供料斗或其它容器内的平均料位波动极小,而且可以在不影响料位的前提下定时测取物料混合比,在多种组份的物料的情况下,各马达改变转速时亦不会影响物料的混合比。
本发明的另一目的是开发一种料位调节方法,这种方法是保持一种组份基本上定量供应而改变另一种组份的供应量来维持料位不变,同时却能在一段时间内基本上保持物料混合比不变。
本发明的上述目的,可以这样实现。本发明所述料位调节法所采用的装置中,至少有一种物料组份通过一个计量供料螺杆而供给供料斗或其它容器,所述供料螺杆是从一个供料容器获得所述物料的。螺杆的马达受来自一个或一些传感器件的信号的控制,以便保持供料斗内料位处于平均高度,一旦料位偏离,则只须略改变马达转速即可使料位复原。
如果供料斗或其它容器至少接纳由两个计量供料螺杆供给的两种组份物料(螺杆分别从相应的供料容器获得不同的物料),则按照本发明,使得相应马达在改变转速以维持料位时,马达之间的转速比总是保持为一固定值,该固定比值是和物料混合比相应的。换言之,不论诸马达为维持料位而以何速度旋转,由马达转速比所决定的物料混合比将保持不变。
驱动计量供料螺杆的马达在改变转速以保持料位不变时,在达到平均料位的调节过程中,可能产生转速突变现象。为避免此现象,马达转速,基本上宜以均加速度而改变。
另外,在所述混合物料料位调节中,可能每隔一定时间要检查一次物料混合比,视其是否合适。
为了精确地检查向供料斗或其它容器提供的物料混合比,本发明的另一特点是配备有一些计量容器,在一段确定的时间内,物料各组份被分别馈送至这些容器内进行计量。为了进行这一计量,可在连接计量供料螺杆和挤压机供料斗或类似容器的导管上配备支管,所述支管通入上述计量容器,且支管上配备有能自动操作的截流滑阀,可将支管关闭。利用这种计量方法,即使设备在运行中,亦可精确地监测多种组份的混合比。计量时间应足够长,但总体说来,还是相当短,以保证在计量过程中所产生的空斗现象或料位的偏离可以按照本发明所述调节法加以纠正,使料位慢慢地复原至平均位置,而马达并不发生转速突变。
平均料位,宜用一个传感器来检测,以便当料位降低时,传感器的输出信号促使混合物料的供料速度均匀地增大,而若料位上升,则供料速度均匀地减低。
亦可在不同高度设置多个传感器,来检测料位。这些传感器的输出信号,则和计量供料螺杆马达的各级不同转速相对应。
本发明所述料位调节法的另一特点是,设有一个上基准点和下基准点,测出料位在上、下基准点之间改变所需的不同时间,根据这些时间来计算出计量螺杆马达为维持平均料位而应有的转速。
另外,亦可使得计量螺杆马达的转速按正比於挤压机螺杆转速的方式而改变,以防止当挤压机螺杆转速改变时,供料斗的排料速度亦随之改变而使斗内料位从平均料位偏离。
在生产热塑材料挤出平板的场合下,挤出平板的两边通常要进行修整,而切下的边料被作为废料送入一个切碎器进行切碎。切碎后的边料又从切碎器经一鼓风机而送回至挤压机的供料斗内,和其中的颗粒状物料混合在一起。混合物的不同组份之间的混合比应尽量保持不变,以便挤压出均质的材料,且使材料的组份随时间推移的改变尽可能地小。由于马达不会停运,故挤出平板上不会产生纹路。
前述本发明第二个目的,可以这样来实现。保持一种组份基本上连续不断地送入挤压机供料斗,或保持挤出平板的切碎边料连续不断地送入供料斗,而按上述方法来调节所加入的另一种组份的量,以维持料位不变。该情况下,除了连续不断地供应的一种组份或切碎的边料之外,可以以可变速率加入另一种或两种组份,而保持混合比为常数。按照本法明所述方法,另外加入的至少一种组份的供应量,仅在平均料位上下波动,当传感器测出料位低于平均料位时,供应量略微增加,使得该组份以较高的速率供应至容器,将容器充填或部分充填,直至料位超过平均料位为止。然后,响应传感器的一个信号,该物料组份的供应量连续减少,使得料位又低于平均料位。此后又响应传感器的另一个信号,使供应量又增加,周而复始。用这样的方法来调节容器供料量,可以保证所供应的诸组份之间的混合比不致有太大的改变。
如果一些不同组份的物料以一定混合比加入,而保持切碎边料连续不断地供应,则在进行测定混合比时,最好切断边料的供应,以免破坏整个混合比的平衡。
本发明所述混合物料位调节法,具有以下优点:首先,采用本方法可以保持开口容器内料位波动最小。另外,可以在运行过程中取样而基本上不影响料位变化。再者,尽管诸供料马达转速改变,各组份的混合比仍可保持不变。在保持一种组份供料速度基本不变情况下,利用改变另一种组份的供料速度来维持料位,亦能保证各组份之混合比基本上不变动。
本发明所述混合物料料位调节法的附图说明如下:
图1是现有技术挤压机设备的料位调节方法示意图;
图2是用热塑性材料制作挤压平膜的设备的示意图;
图3是和图2相类似的设备的示意图,其中采用了改进的料位调节法;
图4是和图2、3类似的设备的示意图,其中采用另一种料位调节法;
图5是和图2至4类似的设备示意图,其中采用了又一种料位调节法。
以下结合诸附图,详细说明本发明所述流动性混合物料料位调节法。
在图2所示的设备中,计量供料螺杆18′和19′上接有截流滑阀30及31,截流滑阀设计成这样,当它们关闭时,颗粒状物料流入容器32和33,而不流入供料斗12′。截流滑阀30和31经控制线34和35而受调节装置25′的控制,例如每隔两小时动作一次,或者在颗粒状物料改变后动作一次,每次二者同时动作,持续30秒钟,使得在该30秒钟内,由计量螺杆18′和19′所供给的颗粒状物料流入容器32和33中。此后,无须停运设备,操作者即可精确地确定物料流入容器32和33的流通量。为了避免在取样时颗粒状物料和切碎边料之间的混合比发生改变,当颗粒状物料流入容器32和33时,边料由一双向阀36改道流入比如一个悬挂的袋37内。为了取样,可以操作调节装置25′,使得柱形颈管13′内的物料料位一直上升至报警传感器29的位置,这样使得颈管13′内充有足够的物料,保证取样过程中对挤压机的供料。传感器26、28、29是所谓容性传感器,其灵敏度由电位器来调整设定,使得传感器仅仅对颈管13′中的物料柱体静态状况产生响应,而对落入颈管13′内的物料无反应。
传感器28和29用来检测所允许的物料最大边界料位,并可产生报警信号。图2所示设备所采用的调节方法中,马达20′和21′并不是时停时转的,而是仅仅改变旋转速度,使得由计量螺杆18′和19′供给的物料量交替地略微增加或减少。这样,柱形颈管13′内的物料料位就在容性传感器26的上下波动。因而,供给挤压机1′的物料的混合比,就基本上保持为恒定。
图3表示另一种料位调节方法。现按图3说明如下。
计量斗102′和103′,经由分别由马达106′和107′驱动的计量供料螺杆104′和105′而将颗粒状物料供应至主料斗101′。由图3可知,主料斗101′具有一个颈管108′,其上装有六个触发器(用109′标明)。颗粒状物料按常规方式由颈管108′流出,进入一个挤压机110′内。该挤压机基本上恒速地运行。所有触发器109′均与调节装置111′连接,藉以控制马达106′和107′的速度。为达有效调节之目的,首先要对和马达106′及107′相关的电位器112′及113′作如此的调整,使得马达106′及107′具有一个和物料混合比相应的转速比,以便合适地操作计量螺杆112′及113′。当对电位器112′及113′完成初步调整后,在运行初期,应使颈管108′藉马达106′及107′而莸得足够物料,使得料位达到最上面的那个触发器(标有“停机”字样的),该触发器将使马达106′及107′停运。随后,当挤压机110′由颈管108′中摄取物料,使得料位下降至第二个触发器(20%)时,马达106′及107′又始运转,其转速正好相当于由位器112′及113′所设定的最大转速之20%。如果这一转速已足够满足对挤压机110′的物料供应,而同时又能保持颈管108′中的料位不再降低,那么马达106′及107′就一直以该转速运行。如果颈管108′中的料位继续降低,则料位将首先降至40%的触发器(即由上往下数的第三个),使得马达106′和107′的转速增至由电位器112′及113′所设定最大转速之40%。如果该转速太大,则颈管108′中的料位将再上升至20%触发器(即由上往下数第二个)的高度。换言之,马达106′及107′的转速不是由电位器112′及113′所设定的最大转速之20%,就是40%,连续如此变化。因此,马达106′及107′的转速变化不超过20%。亦可采用六个以上任何所需数目的触发器,使得每一级的转速变化更小。但不论在何场合下,一定要保证两个马达106′及107′在最高转速下(即由电位器112′及113′所设定的100%转速),能连续不断地供应比挤压机110′所能处理的物料量更多的物料。
由图3还可以看出,供料螺杆104′及105′,分别配备有排管114′及115′,排管114′及115′配备有滑阀,使得螺杆104′及105′来的颗粒状物料,可按选定或流入主料斗101′,或流入排管114′及115′。这意味着,在运行过程中,可按予定的或不规则的时间间隔改变颗粒状物料的流向,使得在某一段时间内,颗粒状物料同时被注入计量罐116′和117′内。取样期间,由于供料螺杆104′及105′继续以原转速而运行,物料的混合比并不受影响。可以按照两种不同颗粒物料的取样来确定混合物的重量混合比,若该混合比不合格,可以适当地调整电位器112′及113′,以便调整螺杆104′和105′的转速比。
图3所示料位调节方法,其中马达转速按固定的变速级而改变,这种转速的改变和挤压机110′是否在运转是无关的。而图4所示为另一种控制方法的相应设备,其中马达106′及107′的转速快慢,是依赖於挤压机110′的转速的,亦即,一当挤压机110′开始运转,计量螺杆的马达106′及107′亦开始运转。为达此目的,挤压机110′的供料螺杆转轴上装有一个测速电机118′,后者又和控制装置111′联结。控制装置111′还和四个触发器109′联结。藉助于这些触发器,马达106′及107′的转速或增或减,但其转速的改变并不一定要在相同的变速级内发生,实际上,按图4所示实施例,这些变速级是取决于挤压机110′的运行转速的。例如,如果挤压机110′仅仅运行於其最大转速之50%,那么马达106′及107′同样只要以其最大转速之50%运转(最大转速由电位器112′及113′予先设定)。马达106′及107′的这一平均转速,成比例地受到图示四个触发器所检测到的料位的影响。测速电机118′向控制装置111′所提供的挤压机控制值,在和各个不同的料位高度值相乘之后,再向马达106′及107′提供不同的控制值。
图5表示又一种料位调节方法所采用的设备,其中颈管101′仅配备有两个触发器。两个触发器均和一个调节装置联结,所述调节装置测出料位由上触发器下降至下触发器所需时间,以及随后料位由下触发器上升返回至上触发器所需的时间。调节用的控制值是在考虑所测得上述时间的基础上加以改变的,以便如此控制马达106′及107′的转速,使得料位仅以很慢的速度下降或上升,进行调节。图示设备中具有两个不同的控制值,分别由上下两个触发器触发。除上述调节措施之外,挤压机110′的转速还受到这样的监测,使得当一旦挤压机转速突然增大时,马达106′及107′的转速亦因两个控制值的改变而相应增大,其增大值为挤压机转速增大值之某一百分比。当挤压机110′的转速突然下降时,上述调节过程同样以相类似的形式发生。
为了样的目的,马达106′及107′的转速被固定于二控制值之平均值上,使得所取得的样品一方面能反映混合物的重量混合比,另一方面还能表明所述物料的即时流通量。这一点之所以能做到,是因为取样是在某一段确定的时间内进行的,因此根据这一时间以及所取得样品之重量,可计算出其即时流通量。本发明所述方法,还可以防止于起到计量泵作用的马达被短时间开启或短时间停止而引起的物料混合比的波动。例如,当一个计量供料螺杆以330公斤/时的供料量运转,而另一个的供料量仅为了3公斤/时,则由于转动部件具有不同的转动惯量,两个螺杆对控制信号的反应滞后时间就不同,这就会使混合比变化。而同样地,两个螺杆各需不同的时间来达到应有的工作转速,而这两个不同的时间亦对混合比不无影响。按照上述的调节法,如果使得计量供料螺杆完全停止,而后再次启动,上述的波动即可避免。
在图2所示实施例中,仅仅采用一个传感器26,来检测物料的平均料位,则必须采取合适的措施,以防止料位过调现象发生。
按照本发明所述的方法,还可以使计量螺杆的马达的转速仅在很窄的界限以内波动,使得料位不会突然由平均料位偏离。
按照本发明的各种调节方法,均有以下的先决条件:计量螺杆并不是将物料直接馈送至挤压机,而是中间经过一个缓冲储罐。藉助于该缓冲储罐,还可以从在计量螺杆内流动的物料中抽取样品,取样时设备不必停运,且所述缓冲储罐亦不会发生空罐现象。
Claims (11)
1、一种对具有排料开口的容器内的流动性混合物料料位的调节法,其中所述混合物料至少由两种组份组成,特别是对一个挤压机的供料斗内的料位的调节法,其中料位至少由一个传感器检测,所述传感器至少控制一种组份的物料的供料量,其特征在于,所述要进行料位调节的容器,至少经由一个计量供料螺杆,从第二个容器内摄取一种组份的物料,所述计量供料螺杆的驱动马达,由来自至少一个传感器的信号而控制,所述信号在料位下降时,使得传感器所控制的组份物料在单位时间内的添加量均速地增加,而当料位上升时,使得该物料在单位时间内的添加量均速地减小。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述要进行料位调节的容器,经由分别与另一容器连通的计量供料螺杆,至少摄取两种不同组份的物料,所述计量螺杆的马达转速随料位而改变,但马达的转速比保持为与物料混合比相应的固定值。
3、如权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,所述计量供料螺杆马达的转速,基本上以均加速度而变化。
4、如权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,为了测定物料混合比,混合物料的各组份在一段予定时间内分别被导入一计量容器内。
5、如权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于所述平均料位基本上由一个传感器检测,所述传感器发出信号,当料位下降时,使各组份物料的供应量增加,而当料位上升时,使各组份物料的供应量连续地减少。
6、如权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,物料的料位由多个传感器检测,所述传感器代表不同的料位,而传感器发出的信号,使马达转速改变成为合适变速级的转速。
7、如权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,料位由上限点变为下限点所需时间以及由下限点返回上限点所需时间均被测出,而诸马达为维持平均料位所应有的转速,以上述时间为依据而计算。
8、如权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,所述计量供料螺杆马达的转速,是以正比于挤压机转速的方式而改变的。
9、如权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,至少一种组份的物料基本上连续不断地向所述要进行料位调节的容器供应,或者由挤压机挤出平板切离的边料碎块被连续不断地向挤压机供料斗供应,在那里和其它组份的物料混合。
10、如权利要求9的所述方法,其特征在,除了一种连续不断地供应的组份的物料或连续供应的边料碎块之外,至少还有两种组份的物料以固定的混合比在可变的供料速率下供应。
11、如权利要求4所述方法,其特征在于,连通所述计量供料螺杆和所述容器或者说挤压机的供料斗的管道上,设有通向一些计量容器的分支管路,所述分支管路上配备有能自动操作截断通路的截流滑阀。
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CN90102489A Expired - Fee Related CN1043444C (zh) | 1989-04-26 | 1990-04-26 | 开口容器内流动性混合物料料位调节法 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5127450A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0394869B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2894786B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1043444C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE117106T1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9001927A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2015178C (zh) |
DE (2) | DE3913808A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2066898T3 (zh) |
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CN102000677A (zh) * | 2010-12-03 | 2011-04-06 | 宁波大发化纤有限公司 | 一种自动控制料位的煮料池 |
CN102371651A (zh) * | 2010-08-16 | 2012-03-14 | 佛山市顺德区汉达精密电子科技有限公司 | 可检测物料高度的烘料桶 |
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US8444312B2 (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2013-05-21 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods and systems for integral blending and storage of materials |
US8834012B2 (en) | 2009-09-11 | 2014-09-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Electric or natural gas fired small footprint fracturing fluid blending and pumping equipment |
US8511150B2 (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2013-08-20 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods and systems for determining process variables using location of center of gravity |
JP5681361B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-24 | 2015-03-04 | 株式会社松井製作所 | 材料輸送供給装置、及び材料輸送供給方法 |
JP5461168B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-24 | 2014-04-02 | 株式会社松井製作所 | 材料輸送供給装置、及び材料輸送供給方法 |
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-
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- 1989-04-26 DE DE19893913808 patent/DE3913808A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-04-20 ES ES90107533T patent/ES2066898T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-20 EP EP19900107533 patent/EP0394869B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-20 DE DE59008215T patent/DE59008215D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-20 AT AT90107533T patent/ATE117106T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-23 CA CA 2015178 patent/CA2015178C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-25 BR BR9001927A patent/BR9001927A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-26 CN CN90102489A patent/CN1043444C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-26 JP JP11160290A patent/JP2894786B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-08-22 US US07/751,577 patent/US5127450A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102371651A (zh) * | 2010-08-16 | 2012-03-14 | 佛山市顺德区汉达精密电子科技有限公司 | 可检测物料高度的烘料桶 |
CN102000677A (zh) * | 2010-12-03 | 2011-04-06 | 宁波大发化纤有限公司 | 一种自动控制料位的煮料池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2015178C (en) | 1997-02-04 |
DE59008215D1 (de) | 1995-02-23 |
ES2066898T3 (es) | 1995-03-16 |
ATE117106T1 (de) | 1995-01-15 |
US5127450A (en) | 1992-07-07 |
CN1043444C (zh) | 1999-05-19 |
EP0394869B1 (de) | 1995-01-11 |
EP0394869A2 (de) | 1990-10-31 |
DE3913808A1 (de) | 1990-10-31 |
CA2015178A1 (en) | 1990-10-26 |
JPH03163611A (ja) | 1991-07-15 |
EP0394869A3 (de) | 1991-01-30 |
BR9001927A (pt) | 1991-07-30 |
JP2894786B2 (ja) | 1999-05-24 |
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