CN104666564A - 一种五味子牡蛎解酒保肝保健药品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种五味子牡蛎解酒保肝保健药品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种五味子牡蛎解酒保肝保健药品及其制备方法,本处方以五味子和牡蛎配伍制作成以解酒保肝为主要功效的保健药品,以牡蛎提取物主药、五味子醇提取物、微晶纤维素、填充剂、CMS-Na、内崩解剂、水润湿剂、滑石粉制成一种五味子牡蛎解酒保肝保健药品,过量饮酒都会对健康造成一定损伤,所以药物组方的确切功效应兼顾酒精中毒的多种并发症,如肝损害、心脑血管病、胃痛、肥胖症、高脂血症等,本方以五味子和牡蛎组方,同时注意饮酒的伴发症状,以达到标本兼顾目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保健药品领域。
背景技术
我国成人酒精中毒的发生率相当高,长期饮酒可造成全身多系统的损伤、尤其对胃肠道,肝脏损伤更为明显,酒精可直接或间接引起慢性胃炎,消化性溃疡和酒精中毒性肝硬化。因此,研究解酒保肝的药物在含酒精饮品日益泛滥的今天有重要的社会意义。
饮酒后,乙醇在消化道中被吸收入血,空腹饮酒则吸收更快。血中的乙醇由肝脏来解毒。解酒药物的作用核心就是降低患者血中乙醇及其代谢产物的浓度,减轻其对各器官的损伤。解酒药可以通过两方面来降低血中乙醇浓度:一方面,抑制乙醇的胃肠吸收,加强乙醇在胃肠道的首过效应,降低血中的乙醇浓度;另一方面,药物直接作用于肝代谢酶系,加速乙醇的消除率,并促使其代谢产物迅速排出体外,以减轻对组织和细胞的损害。
在目前上市的解酒护肝品种繁多,大多数产品以中草药为主,如陕西澳柯达生物科技开发有限公司的“千杯不醉葛花茶”,有苗彦妮发表的《葛花预防酒精性肝损伤的实验研究》文章等,研究指出葛花醇提物对酒精性肝损伤大鼠血清AST、AST、ALP、ADH活性均有明显下降作用,血清TP、ALB都有明显升高,且葛花醇提物对肝损伤的病理相肝细胞索排列紊乱,胞质浅染的减轻效果较明显。本品以富含异黄酮和皂角甙的天然野生葛花为基本原料,具有解酒护肝的保健功效。另有大豆卵磷脂精华颗粒,以大豆提取物为主要原料,根据池莉平等人在《基础研究论著》发表的“大豆卵磷脂辅助降血脂功能实验研究”,实验结果表明大豆卵磷脂样品对总胆固醇(TC)指标和对甘油三酯(TG)指标的影响为阳性结果,大豆卵磷脂具有调节血脂的作用。市场上相应产品有海德森(北京)生物技术有限公司生产的编号为A39400156638的“雷森大豆卵磷脂精华颗粒”,主要作用为防醉醒酒,解酒护肝,养肝护胃、提高肝脏免疫力,促进肝细胞再生,降低血清胆固醇含量,防止肝硬化并有助于肝功能的恢复。
市场上现有的解酒护肝类保健品种类繁多,多是以解酒为目的,即考虑抑制胃肠吸收,多从翻正反射消失至恢复所需时间来判断醉酒时间和因而引发的睡眠时间角度考虑,如何减少时间以达到缓解醉酒目的;并作用于肝代谢酶系,激活ADH和ALDH活性,加速乙醇的消除率,通过控制血液中乙醇量来加速体内乙醇代谢及抑制其所致的肌肉松弛等并发症,以达到解酒。护肝方面从检测常规指标ALT、AST、TG、MDA等来判断损伤,控制其升高来达到护肝功效。从这两个方面着手并根据实验研究得到的结论,在解酒和护肝方面均有一定实用效果,醉酒时间和睡眠时间都有所延长,肝损伤得到一定的控制。
但是根据一系列市场调查发现,现有的解酒护肝类保健药品的选方较为单一,选药也没有特别考究,且多以被动治疗为主,缺少主动预防,出发点只是以解酒为目的,虽然种类繁多,但却存在着低水平重复、疗效不确切、质量标准不健全的缺点。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:为了解决上述背景技术中的现有技术存在的问题,提供一种五味子牡蛎解酒保肝保健药品及其制备方法,本处方发明的关键构思在于利用五味子和牡蛎两种中药配伍,在以解酒保肝为基本功效的同时,对过度饮酒引起的其它诸如肾损害、高脂血症、免疫力低下等人体损害亦同样有预防效用。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:
(一)五味子醇提取过程(提取物主要为木脂素)
1试剂:75%乙醇、五味子原料药、一蒸水
2器材:粉碎机、烧杯250ml(2个)、圆底烧瓶250ml(1个)、旋蒸瓶1000ml(1个)、纱布、搅拌子(1个)、50ml旋蒸瓶(1个)、球形冷凝管(1个)、DF-101S集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器(河南省予华仪器有限公司)、旋转蒸发器(RE-52H)(上海亚荣生化仪器厂)、干净的纯净水瓶1.5L(2个)、电子天平(梅特列-托利多上海有限公司)。
3步骤:
1)将五味子原料药在粉碎机中粉碎成粗粉
2)用电子天平称25g五味子粗粉,放入250ml圆底烧瓶中,再加入200ml 75%乙醇,至40℃水浴中,浸泡30min
3)在上述圆底烧瓶放入搅拌子,将水浴温度调到84℃,至有液滴回流时开始计时,回流提取3h
4)将上述圆底烧瓶用三层纱布过滤至250ml烧杯中
5)再将滤渣用150ml 75%乙醇回流提取2.5h
6)将第4)步中的滤液转移至1000ml旋蒸瓶中,用三层纱布过滤第5)步至烧杯中,放置室温,转移至上述旋蒸瓶中,烧杯用75%乙醇洗两次,洗液也转移至上述旋蒸瓶中,浓缩至少量,再转移至50ml旋蒸瓶中,浓缩至糊状,转移至50ml小烧杯中,放置50-60℃烘箱中2-3h使乙醇与水挥,取出,放置室温,用封口膜把烧杯口封住,备用。
(二)片剂制作过程
1器材:TDP-1.5T试验型单冲压片机(上海旺群制药机械有限公司)、20目钢筛、陶瓷研钵、FA1004N电子天平(上海精密科学仪器有限公司)、片剂硬度仪2试剂:牡蛎提取物(蓬莱市海洋生物有限公司)、五味子提取物、微晶纤维素、
CMS-Na(羧甲基淀粉钠)、一蒸水、滑石粉。
3处方:
4步骤:
将牡蛎提取物,微晶纤维素,CMS-Na(羧甲基淀粉钠),滑石粉依次过20目筛后,称取牡蛎提取物1.1000g,五味子醇提取物1.1000g,微晶纤维素3.3715g,CMS-Na 0.2500g,至小钢盆中,使糊状五味子醇提取物分散,再转移至干燥的陶瓷研钵中,加入适量一蒸水使药物与辅料混匀,转移至小钢盆中,制软材(制软材的硬度以手握紧成团,而用手指轻压团块即散裂者为宜),过20目筛制粒,在60-80℃干燥30min(水分含量以3%-5%为宜),过20目筛,整粒,至小钢盆中,加入CMS-Na 0.2500g,滑石粉0.1875g,混匀,依次称取0.2500g,压片。
5硬度:用硬度仪测片剂硬度:4Kg
6片重:0.25g,规格:88mg/片(主药含量)
本发明的有益效果是,本发明的一种五味子牡蛎解酒保肝保健药品及其制备方法,对五味子和牡蛎的相关药用价值和疗效已有了深入的研究和验证,在解酒保肝功效上有突出功效,且有助于改善长期酒精摄入引发的并发症。
本处方五味子和牡蛎选药均为道地药材。道地药材是指在某些区域中特定的自然和地理环境下产出的药材。由于这些药材来自特定的区域并且在种植和采收环节采用了更为先进的技术,道地药材的质量与疗效一般比其它产地的药材好。本处方中五味子选用辽宁本溪道地药材北五味子,牡蛎提取物来源于锦州渤海湾牡蛎。
北五味子因主产于我国东北各地,也称为辽五味子,是辽宁地道中药材,因其皮薄肉厚、粒大、药用成分高、辛、甘酸苦咸五味俱全而著称。五味子味酸性温,有敛肝涩精、固肾养髓的作用,而从中医角度看,酒精性肝损伤机理为药毒酒食酿成湿热滞留体内,阻滞肝胆气机,影响脾胃运化,另一方面毒邪伤正,耗损肝肾阴血精气。其病机概况为肝肾阴虚、精血不足、湿热瘀毒阻滞,故而治疗当补益肝肾、清热化湿、活血化瘀,对于肝损伤的治疗,强调从补益精血、滋养肝肾人手,以扶助正气为要,“养正积自消”。
五味子的乙醇提取物有明显的降酶作用,能提高肝脏解毒功能,并能促进肝脏蛋白质的生物合成,刺激肝糖元的生成,从而达到保肝降酶的作用。北五味子富含的有机酸、维生素、类黄酮、植物固醇及具有强效复原作用的木酚素,这些成分具有抗疲劳、提高免疫力的功效。其所含的五味子甲素、乙素等木脂素成分,有抑制肝脏转氨酶升高的作用。现代研究证明,五味子具有调节心血管系统,改善血液循环的药理作用,对肝炎等疾病有明显疗效。
牡蛎提取物来源于锦州渤海湾牡蛎,渤海湾是著名的经济贝类养殖区,也是辽宁省牡蛎的重要产地之一。牡蛎性咸、寒,质重潜阳,专入肝经。具有清泻肝热、镇潜肝阳、利头目之效,为凉肝、镇肝之要药,又兼有滋养肝阴的功效,对肝肾阴虚、肝阳眩晕尤为适宜。
牡蛎的肝糖元存在于储藏能量的肝脏与肌肉中,与细胞的分裂、再生、红血球的活性化都有着很深的关系,可以提高肝功能,恢复疲劳,增强体力。在牡蛎中所含有的牛磺酸可以促进胆汁分泌,排除堆积在肝脏中的中性脂肪,提高肝脏的解毒作用。牡蛎肉中含有丰富的蛋白质、必需氨基酸、牛磺酸、多种维生素等有特殊生理作用的矿物质,具有很高食用和药用价值。文献报道,牡蛎提取物具有抗疲劳、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、保护心血管、护肝以及醒酒等多种生理功能。而牡蛎肉中主要的牛磺酸和糖原的醒酒作用是否是通过激活乙醇脱氢酶及与氧有关的肝脏微粒体酶的乙醇氧化系统参与乙醇乙醛化来加速乙醇乙醛化实现的。
五味子和牡蛎单方在解酒和保肝功效上的已有大量实验研究和临床证明,现提出将二者配伍组方,成为具有解酒保肝功效且兼顾长期饮酒造成人体损伤的保健药品。
采用五味子与牡蛎配方,临床研究证明五味子主要有抗氧化、抗癌、FPA拮抗等功效,现代研究表明其有助于肝细胞蛋白质的合成,可增高肝药酶活性,从而发挥降酶保肝作用,对长期饮酒造成的肝损伤有明显保护作用,且其提取液具有广谱抗菌活性,保肝利胆抗肿瘤、镇静催眠、降血糖降血脂等疗效都已经有了较成熟的实验研究验证。而牡蛎提取物含有丰富的蛋白质、糖原、维生素、微量元素以及牛磺酸、肌醇等生物活性物质,可明显抑制血栓形成、降低血脂、抗肿瘤、提高机体免疫功能,且实验证明牡蛎对酒精性肝损伤初期TG含量的升高有很好的预防和治疗作用。牡蛎提取物主要成分牛磺酸为肝脏重要靶器官,人体合成能力较弱,肝损伤时尤甚,肝内牛磺酸水平明显影响肝脏脂质和含量,而牛磺酸可显著降低酒精中毒血清和肝组织内脂质含量,血清转氨酶水平亦明显下降,肝细胞脂肪变性程度明显改善,可有效减缓体内乙醇代谢,解酒功效明显,且对预防高脂血症和脂肪肝,保护肝细胞和抗炎有显著作用。且据古方记载,二药配伍,收敛固涩效佳,对于正虚不固诸症颇有良效,另五味子补益心肾,宁心安神,牡蛎滋阴潜阳,临床可用于神经衰弱及自汗盗汗等虚症,亦有滋补之效。
且本处方不仅以解酒和护肝的直接目的,且兼顾急性和慢性酒精性肝损伤所造成的临床并发症,如肾损害、高脂血症、免疫力低下和营养不良等,有实验研究表明,五味子与牡蛎合用可显著改善肾小管间质纤维化,对肾损害有明显防治效果。本方二药伍用,可在更大程度上解决解酒护肝类保健药品单一效用的研究和应用,使得因饮酒而造成的人体损害在更大范围内得到减少,能兼顾保健疗效的针对性和全面性。
具体实施方式
(一)五味子醇提取过程(提取物主要为木脂素)
1试剂:75%乙醇、五味子原料药、一蒸水;
2器材:粉碎机、烧杯250ml(2个)、圆底烧瓶250ml(1个)、旋蒸瓶1000ml(1个)、纱布、搅拌子(1个)、50ml旋蒸瓶(1个)、球形冷凝管(1个)、DF-101S集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器(河南省予华仪器有限公司)、旋转蒸发器(RE-52H)(上海亚荣生化仪器厂)、干净的纯净水瓶1.5L(2个)、电子天平(梅特列-托利多上海有限公司)。
3步骤:
1)将五味子原料药在粉碎机中粉碎成粗粉;
2)用电子天平称25g五味子粗粉,放入250ml圆底烧瓶中,再加入200ml 75%乙醇,至40℃水浴中,浸泡30min;
3)在上述圆底烧瓶放入搅拌子,将水浴温度调到84℃,至有液滴回流时开始计时,回流提取3h;
4)将上述圆底烧瓶用三层纱布过滤至250ml烧杯中;
5)再将滤渣用150ml 75%乙醇回流提取2.5h;
6)将第4)步中的滤液转移至1000ml旋蒸瓶中,用三层纱布过滤第5)步至烧杯中,放置室温,转移至上述旋蒸瓶中,烧杯用75%乙醇洗两次,洗液也转移至上述旋蒸瓶中,浓缩至少量,再转移至50ml旋蒸瓶中,浓缩至糊状,转移至50ml小烧杯中,放置50-60℃烘箱中2-3h使乙醇与水挥,取出,放置室温,用封口膜把烧杯口封住,备用。
(二)片剂制作过程
1器材:TDP-1.5T试验型单冲压片机(上海旺群制药机械有限公司)、20目钢筛、陶瓷研钵、FA1004N电子天平(上海精密科学仪器有限公司)、片剂硬度仪。
2试剂:牡蛎提取物(蓬莱市海洋生物有限公司)、五味子提取物、微晶纤维素、CMS-Na(羧甲基淀粉钠)、一蒸水、滑石粉。
3处方:
4步骤:
将牡蛎提取物,微晶纤维素,CMS-Na(羧甲基淀粉钠),滑石粉依次过20目筛后,称取牡蛎提取物1.1000g,五味子醇提取物1.1000g,微晶纤维素3.3715g,CMS-Na 0.2500g,至小钢盆中,使糊状五味子醇提取物分散,再转移至干燥的陶瓷研钵中,加入适量一蒸水使药物与辅料混匀,转移至小钢盆中,制软材(制软材的硬度以手握紧成团,而用手指轻压团块即散裂者为宜),过20目筛制粒,在60-80℃干燥30min(水分含量以3%-5%为宜),过20目筛,整粒,至小钢盆中,加入CMS-Na 0.2500g,滑石粉0.1875g,混匀,依次称取0.2500g,压片。
5硬度:用硬度仪测片剂硬度:4Kg
6片重:0.25g,规格:88mg/片(主药含量)
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种五味子牡蛎解酒保肝保健药品,其特征在于,各组分配比如下:
2.根据权利要求1所述的五味子牡蛎解酒保肝保健药品制备方法,其特征在于,主要包括下述步骤:
五味子醇提取过程:
a将五味子原料药在粉碎机中粉碎成粗粉;
b用电子天平称25g五味子粗粉,放入250ml圆底烧瓶中,再加入200ml 75%乙醇,至40℃水浴中,浸泡30min;
c在上述圆底烧瓶放入搅拌子,将水浴温度调到84℃,至有液滴回流时开始计时,回流提取3h;
d将上述圆底烧瓶用三层纱布过滤至250ml烧杯中;
e再将滤渣用150ml 75%乙醇回流提取2.5h;
f将第d步中的滤液转移至1000ml旋蒸瓶中,用三层纱布过滤第e步至烧杯中,放置室温,转移至上述旋蒸瓶中,烧杯用75%乙醇洗两次,洗液也转移至上述旋蒸瓶中,浓缩至少量,再转移至50ml旋蒸瓶中,浓缩至糊状,转移至50ml小烧杯中,放置50-60℃烘箱中2-3h使乙醇与水挥,取出,放置室温,用封口膜把烧杯口封住,备用;
片剂制作过程:
将牡蛎提取物,微晶纤维素,CMS-Na即羧甲基淀粉钠,滑石粉依次过20目筛后,称取牡蛎提取物1.1000g,五味子醇提取物1.1000g,微晶纤维素3.3715g,CMS-Na 0.2500g,至小钢盆中,使糊状五味子醇提取物分散,再转移至干燥的陶瓷研钵中,加入适量一蒸水使药物与辅料混匀,转移至小钢盆中,制软材,制软材的硬度以手握紧成团,而用手指轻压团块即散裂者为宜,过20目筛制粒,在60-80℃干燥30min,水分含量以3%-5%为宜,过20目筛,整粒,至小钢盆中,加入CMS-Na 0.2500g,滑石粉0.1875g,混匀,依次称取0.2500g,压片。
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CN108635551A (zh) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-10-12 | 江西中医药大学 | 醒酒护肝中药组合物、制剂及制备方法和应用 |
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