CN104584838A - Technique for cultivating towel gourd in autumn and winter - Google Patents
Technique for cultivating towel gourd in autumn and winter Download PDFInfo
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- CN104584838A CN104584838A CN201510042787.2A CN201510042787A CN104584838A CN 104584838 A CN104584838 A CN 104584838A CN 201510042787 A CN201510042787 A CN 201510042787A CN 104584838 A CN104584838 A CN 104584838A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a technique for cultivating towel gourds in autumn and winter, and the technique is suitable for southern areas of Jiangsu, like Changshu. The technique comprises selecting a suitable variety, determining the time for growing seedlings, determining the suitable planting density, promoting pistillate flowers to bloom in advance, and adjusting pants. By using the cultivating technique disclosed by the invention, the towel gourds can be cultivated in autumn and winter, the pistillate flowers of the towel gourds are promoted to bloom in advance, the off-season cultivation of the towel gourds is realized, the economic benefits of the towel gourds are improved, and quite good popularization and application prospects are available.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to vegetable crop technical field of cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of cultivation method of sponge gourd.
Background technology
Sponge gourd (
luffa cylindrical.Roem.) be the annual climber herbaceous plant of Curcurbitaceae Luffa, be one of important summer vegetable crop of China, have cultivation in most of China area.Synoecy, corolla is yellow.Male flower is raceme, female flower Dan Sheng, and ovary is the next, and after the first female flower occurs, most stipes female flower can occur, and fruit is Peponidium.
Sponge gourd is for food with tender melon, can stir-fry and eat, cold and dressed with sauce, steam and decoct, more delicious in order to cook soup taste, normal food sponge gourd can promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst, clearing heat and detoxicating.The medical value of sponge gourd is higher, root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, seed all can be used as medicine, sponge gourd is processing raw material of the important traditional Chinese medicinal material raw materials of China, now sponge gourd or processing bath article, sponge gourd water, luffa etc., can make the economic benefit that acquisition is higher, sponge gourd plantation tool is of great significance and wide market development prospect.
Sponge gourd strong adaptability; nutritious; area under cultivation was expansion trend in recent years; and start to cultivate transformation by single outdoor cropping to Protected production; mostly be Winter-Spring cultivation at present, the spring cultivates or delayed culture in autumn in advance; but autumn and winter season sponge gourd rare, southern Jiangsu especially Changshu Aera, Suzhou autumn and winter sponge gourd Protectorate cultivation yet there are no.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to exist in above-mentioned existing production problem, provide a kind of autumn and winter sponge gourd cultivation and grow method, effectively can solve current production autumn and winter season sponge gourd scarcity problem, have fabulous popularizing application prospect.
For solve exist in above-mentioned existing production technology problem, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is, a kind of autumn and winter sponge gourd cultivation and grow method, comprises the steps:
1) suitable kind is selected: the sponge gourd early maturing and high yield for autumn and winter cultivation is good, disease resistance strong, should be heat-resisting cold-resistant again;
2) determination of seedling raise period: seedling raise period need control in 1 ~ August 20 August;
3) vernalization: by the 55 DEG C of sterilizations 20 ~ 30 minutes of hoting water treatment of seeds of sponge gourd seed, and constantly stir the dope of washing the surface of the seed by rubbing with the hands, pick up rear clear water to rinse well, put into clear water seed soaking 12 ~ 24 hours again, seed to suction after moisture moisturizing vernalization 1 ~ 2 day, and every day rinses 1 ~ 2 time with clear water, and micro-the showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally of seed can be sowed, or without vernalization, can by fully immersion after the direct seeding and seedling raising of seed;
4) nursery: by the vernalization sponge gourd planting seed of 1 ~ 2 day in 50 hole point disk seedling growings, sowing depth 1 ~ 1.5cm;
5) CCC process: be still high temperature season at the beginning of 8 months, now nursery will prevent the excessive growth of sponge gourd seedling, can spray the chlormequat of 50 ~ 150mg/L, both can prevent seedling excessive growth, promotes strong sprout, can promote again to open female flower more and reduce sponge gourd female flower joint position to a certain extent;
6) field planting: sponge gourd 1 leaf 1 heart gets final product field planting, is not later than 3 leaf 1 heart field planting the latest, and more early field planting is more slow seedling; Field planting seeding row spacing: spacing in the rows 30 ~ 35cm, line-spacing 50 ~ 60cm; Field planting points for attention: must water sufficient seedling recovering water during sponge gourd field planting, are beneficial to slow seedling;
7) manage: 1. rich water quality management: general sponge gourd seedling-slowing stage does not water, and rewaters after growing 1 ~ 3 leaf.First time waters and does not apply fertilizer, when sugar-preserved gourd grow to 3 ~ 5 cm long time, swollen Gua Shui watered, executed swelling melon fertilizer.Water a water according to the every 8 ~ 15d of soil moisture later, take the circumstances into consideration fertilising according to growing way appearance.2. canopy film management: field planting initial stage booth temperature of shed is higher, when daytime, temperature of shed was more than 30 DEG C, aeration-cooling in time, plantation latter temperature meets cold current frost lower than 18 DEG C or cooling, the air door of booth to be closed in advance and put the insulation of canopy film, make that night in canopy, the minimum air temperature was not less than 12 DEG C, daytime temperature is not less than 20 DEG C.3. Plant adjustment: as the long 30 ~ 40cm of melon seedling, need start to hang climing; Carry out plant combing at any time, along climing, pinch after being convenient to and fruit harvesting; Heavy foliage and the sick leaf of the old and the weak should be beaten in conjunction with reason is climing in time with gathering, to ensure good ventilation and penetrating light, and extracing unnecessary male flower flower bud, tendril and lopsided melon in time;
8) artificial pollination: Luffa cross pollinated plant, under field conditions (factors), by insect pollination, and under autumn and winter booth Protectorate cultivation condition, it is normally solid to do artificial pollination guarantee well; Luffa-smooth loofah flowering time is longer, and night bloomed to the next morning, should carry out artificial pollination in the morning; Pollinating method, select just open male flower and female flower to flower, or dip male flower pollen with writing brush, then smear female chapiter.To carry out when not having dew during pollination, to improve Pollination Effect;
9) pinch: will pinch in time when growing to 15-20 sheet leaf, be beneficial to lateral bine and yield positive results, be convenient to management and fruit harvesting;
10) fruit harvesting: sponge gourd can constantly continue to tie melon, gather in time; In order to bearing fruit of young melon growth below and female flower, raising output.The standard of gathering: the smooth slightly variable color of carpopodium, fine hair reduce and pericarp hand touches has soft feeling and without smooth feeling, be Harvesting Date; Time of picking: the concrete time of sponge gourd of gathering should in the morning, and must cut off with the neat carpopodium place of scissors.
Compared with prior art, the cultivation method tool of a kind of autumn and winter sponge gourd of the present invention has the following advantages and good effect:
Adopt the cultivation and grow method of a kind of autumn and winter sponge gourd provided by the present invention; effectively can to solve in current production autumn and winter season sponge gourd scarcity problem; adopt chlormequat process; prevent seedling excessive growth; reduce beginning female flower joint position; facilitate female flower early flowering; plant is pinched; be conducive to plucking and plant management, and can concentrate sponge gourd female flower, we take Protectorate cultivation; subenvironment temperature can be improved; meet the preference temperature required for sponge gourd growth, achieve the off-season cultivation of sponge gourd, thus improve the economic benefit of sponge gourd.
Embodiment
example 1
A kind of sponge gourd autumn and winter cultivation and grow method, comprises the steps:
1) vernalization: incited somebody to action " Soviet Union's No. 1, silk " sponge gourd seed 55 DEG C of sterilizations 20 minutes of hoting water treatment of seeds August 12 in Changshu, Jiangsu Province area, and constantly stir the dope of washing the surface of the seed by rubbing with the hands, pick up rear clear water to rinse well, put into clear water seed soaking 24 hours again, seed to suction after moisture moisturizing vernalization 1 day, and period rinses 1 time with clear water, and micro-the showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally of seed can be sowed, or without vernalization, can by fully immersion after the direct seeding and seedling raising of seed;
2) nursery: by the vernalization sponge gourd planting seed of 1 day in 50 hole point disk seedling growings, sowing depth 1.2cm;
3) CCC process: be still high temperature season at the beginning of 8 months, now nursery will prevent the excessive growth of sponge gourd seedling, when sponge gourd seedling 1 leaf 1 heart to 2 leaf 1 heart, spray the chlormequat of 100mg/L, both can prevent seedling excessive growth, promote strong sprout, and can promote again to open female flower more and reduce sponge gourd female flower joint position to a certain extent;
4) field planting: sponge gourd 1 leaf 1 heart gets final product field planting, is not later than 3 leaf 1 heart field planting the latest, and more early field planting is more slow seedling; Field planting seeding row spacing: spacing in the rows 30 ~ 35cm, line-spacing 50 ~ 60cm; Field planting points for attention: must water sufficient seedling recovering water during sponge gourd field planting, are beneficial to slow seedling;
5) manage: 1. rich water quality management: general sponge gourd seedling-slowing stage does not water, and rewaters after growing 1 ~ 3 leaf.First time waters and does not apply fertilizer, when sugar-preserved gourd grow to 3 ~ 5 cm long time, swollen Gua Shui watered, executed swelling melon fertilizer.Water a water according to the every 8 ~ 15d of soil moisture later, take the circumstances into consideration fertilising according to growing way appearance.2. canopy film management: field planting initial stage booth temperature of shed is higher, when daytime, temperature of shed was more than 30 DEG C, aeration-cooling in time, plantation latter temperature meets cold current frost lower than 18 DEG C or cooling, the air door of booth to be closed in advance and put the insulation of canopy film, make that night in canopy, the minimum air temperature was not less than 12 DEG C, daytime temperature is not less than 20 DEG C.3. Plant adjustment: as the long 30 ~ 40cm of melon seedling, need start to hang climing; Carry out plant combing at any time, along climing, pinch after being convenient to and fruit harvesting; Heavy foliage and the sick leaf of the old and the weak should be beaten in conjunction with reason is climing in time with gathering, to ensure good ventilation and penetrating light, and extracing unnecessary male flower flower bud, tendril and lopsided melon in time;
6) artificial pollination: under autumn and winter booth Protectorate cultivation condition, it is normally solid to do artificial pollination guarantee well.Luffa-smooth loofah flowering time is longer, and night bloomed to the next morning, and pollination should be carried out when the morning, 8:00-11:00 was without dew, to improve Pollination Effect.Pollinating method, select just open male flower and female flower to flower, or dip male flower pollen with writing brush, then smear female chapiter;
7) pinch: will pinch in time when growing to 15-20 sheet leaf, be beneficial to lateral bine and yield positive results, be convenient to management and fruit harvesting;
8) fruit harvesting: sponge gourd can constantly continue to tie melon, gather in time; In order to bearing fruit of young melon growth below and female flower, raising output.The standard of gathering: the smooth slightly variable color of carpopodium, fine hair reduce and pericarp hand touches has soft feeling and without smooth feeling, be Harvesting Date; Time of picking: the concrete time of sponge gourd of gathering should in the morning, and must cut off with the neat carpopodium place of scissors.
Claims (1)
1. the culture technique of a kind of autumn and winter sponge gourd of the present invention, is characterized in that being made up of following steps:
1) suitable kind is selected: the sponge gourd early maturing and high yield for autumn and winter cultivation is good, disease resistance strong, should be heat-resisting cold-resistant again;
2) determination of seedling raise period: seedling raise period need control in 1 ~ August 20 August;
3) vernalization: by the 55 DEG C of sterilizations 20 ~ 30 minutes of hoting water treatment of seeds of sponge gourd seed, and constantly stir the dope of washing the surface of the seed by rubbing with the hands, pick up rear clear water to rinse well, put into clear water seed soaking 12 ~ 24 hours again, seed to suction after moisture moisturizing vernalization 1 ~ 2 day, and every day rinses 1 ~ 2 time with clear water, and micro-the showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally of seed can be sowed, or without vernalization, can by fully immersion after the direct seeding and seedling raising of seed;
4) nursery: by the vernalization sponge gourd planting seed of 1 ~ 2 day in 50 hole point disk seedling growings, sowing depth 1 ~ 1.5cm;
5) CCC process: be still high temperature season at the beginning of 8 months, now nursery will prevent the excessive growth of sponge gourd seedling, can spray the chlormequat of 50 ~ 150mg/L, both can prevent seedling excessive growth, promotes strong sprout, can promote again to open female flower more and reduce sponge gourd female flower joint position to a certain extent;
6) field planting: sponge gourd 1 leaf 1 heart gets final product field planting, is not later than 3 leaf 1 heart field planting the latest, and more early field planting is more slow seedling; Field planting seeding row spacing: spacing in the rows 30 ~ 35cm, line-spacing 50 ~ 60cm; Field planting points for attention: must water sufficient seedling recovering water during sponge gourd field planting, are beneficial to slow seedling;
7) manage: 1. rich water quality management: general sponge gourd seedling-slowing stage does not water, and rewaters after growing 1 ~ 3 leaf; First time waters and does not apply fertilizer, when sugar-preserved gourd grow to 3 ~ 5 cm long time, swollen Gua Shui watered, executed swelling melon fertilizer; Water a water according to the every 8 ~ 15d of soil moisture later, take the circumstances into consideration fertilising according to growing way appearance; 2. canopy film management: field planting initial stage booth temperature of shed is higher, when daytime, temperature of shed was more than 30 DEG C, aeration-cooling in time, plantation latter temperature meets cold current frost lower than 18 DEG C or cooling, the air door of booth to be closed in advance and put the insulation of canopy film, make that night in canopy, the minimum air temperature was not less than 12 DEG C, daytime temperature is not less than 20 DEG C; 3. Plant adjustment: as the long 30 ~ 40cm of melon seedling, need start to hang climing; Carry out plant combing at any time, along climing, pinch after being convenient to and fruit harvesting; Heavy foliage and the sick leaf of the old and the weak should be beaten in conjunction with reason is climing in time with gathering, to ensure good ventilation and penetrating light, and extracing unnecessary male flower flower bud, tendril and lopsided melon in time;
8) artificial pollination: Luffa cross pollinated plant, under field conditions (factors), by insect pollination, and under autumn and winter Protectorate cultivation condition, it is normally solid to do artificial pollination guarantee well; Luffa-smooth loofah flowering time is longer, and night bloomed to the next morning, should carry out artificial pollination in the morning; Pollinating method, select just open male flower and female flower to flower, or dip male flower pollen with writing brush, then smear female chapiter; To carry out when not having dew during pollination, to improve Pollination Effect;
9) pinch: will pinch in time when growing to 15-20 sheet leaf, be beneficial to lateral bine and yield positive results, be convenient to management and fruit harvesting;
10) fruit harvesting: sponge gourd can constantly continue to tie melon, gather in time; In order to bearing fruit of young melon growth below and female flower, raising output; The standard of gathering: the smooth slightly variable color of carpopodium, fine hair reduce and pericarp hand touches has soft feeling and without smooth feeling, be Harvesting Date; Time of picking: the concrete time of sponge gourd of gathering should in the morning, and must cut off with the neat carpopodium place of scissors.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105284376A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-02-03 | 和县聂兴圩蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | High-yield cultivation method for sponge gourd |
| CN105766307A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-07-20 | 云南农业大学 | Sponge gourd cultivation method with humping support |
| CN107318434A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-11-07 | 杨俊春 | A kind of method of greenhouse high yield of loofah plantation |
| CN107494112A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-12-22 | 合肥沁牧生态农业有限公司 | A kind of male antetype walnut promotees the processing method that female flower is early opened |
| CN107691129A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-02-16 | 重庆市合川区蔬菜技术指导站 | A kind of autumn delays sponge gourd cultivation technique and double season sponge gourd cultivation techniques |
| CN108967067A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-12-11 | 钟山佳园生态农业有限公司 | A kind of sponge gourd organic cultivation method |
| CN109769567A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-05-21 | 三明市农业科学研究院 | A kind of cultural method improving Skimmia japonica Rubella setting percentage |
| CN110402770A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2019-11-05 | 咸宁市农业科学院 | A kind of method of Rapid identification sponge gourd seed production purity |
| CN112136611A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-12-29 | 桐乡市绿营蔬菜专业合作社 | Planting method of loofah capable of growing circularly |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105284376A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-02-03 | 和县聂兴圩蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | High-yield cultivation method for sponge gourd |
| CN105766307A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-07-20 | 云南农业大学 | Sponge gourd cultivation method with humping support |
| CN107318434A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-11-07 | 杨俊春 | A kind of method of greenhouse high yield of loofah plantation |
| CN107494112A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-12-22 | 合肥沁牧生态农业有限公司 | A kind of male antetype walnut promotees the processing method that female flower is early opened |
| CN107494112B (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2020-11-20 | 宿州青果知识产权服务有限公司 | Processing method for promoting early blossoming of female walnut flowers by using male-first walnut |
| CN107691129A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-02-16 | 重庆市合川区蔬菜技术指导站 | A kind of autumn delays sponge gourd cultivation technique and double season sponge gourd cultivation techniques |
| CN110402770A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2019-11-05 | 咸宁市农业科学院 | A kind of method of Rapid identification sponge gourd seed production purity |
| CN108967067A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-12-11 | 钟山佳园生态农业有限公司 | A kind of sponge gourd organic cultivation method |
| CN109769567A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-05-21 | 三明市农业科学研究院 | A kind of cultural method improving Skimmia japonica Rubella setting percentage |
| CN109769567B (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2021-03-30 | 三明市农业科学研究院 | Cultivation method for improving seed setting rate of skimmia purpurea |
| CN112136611A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-12-29 | 桐乡市绿营蔬菜专业合作社 | Planting method of loofah capable of growing circularly |
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