CN104411753A - 嵌在漆层中的pvd-层 - Google Patents

嵌在漆层中的pvd-层 Download PDF

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CN104411753A
CN104411753A CN201380028750.3A CN201380028750A CN104411753A CN 104411753 A CN104411753 A CN 104411753A CN 201380028750 A CN201380028750 A CN 201380028750A CN 104411753 A CN104411753 A CN 104411753A
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layer
plastic components
pvd
components according
coating
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CN104411753B (zh
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A·克克斯
T·赫尔曼
P·舒勒
R·舍费尔
S·鲍尔
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Oerlikon Surface Solutions AG Pfaeffikon
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Oerlikon Trading AG Truebbach
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Abstract

本发明涉及具有层体系的塑料部件，其中所述层体系包含施加在塑料表面上的底漆层，在所述底漆层上有借助气相沉积施加的层，该层本身被面漆层覆盖，其特征在于，所述由气相沉积施加的层包含多个层片。

Description

嵌在漆层中的PVD-层
本发明涉及施加在塑料基材上的层体系，该层体系包含借助由气相沉积获得的嵌在两个漆层(例如下面的底涂层和上面的顶涂层)之间的层(PVD-层)，在下文中将这种体系称作涂层体系。根据本发明，该由气相沉积的层包含多个层片(Lage)，也就是说至少两个层片，并且优选是交替层体系。优选地，所述层片中的至少两个具有不同的组成。优选地，其是包含多个层片的PVD-层(PVD是英文术语“physical vapor deposition”的缩写，译成中文就是“物理气相沉积”)。
可以使用根据本发明的涂层体系作为不同问题的解决方案。这种层体系不仅在装饰性涂层方面令人感兴趣，而且在塑料部件的用途方面开启了很多可能性。
现在下文中简要地示例性概述这些应用可能性中的几种：
实施例1
涉及：
行人保护-防碰撞
希望具有这样的平面基材，其具有金属外观但同时柔韧且不易破碎并能适应部件的形状。
根据现有技术，可利用薄膜技术或电镀技术实现所述目的，但是薄膜技术非常昂贵，而电镀的缺点是产生锐利边缘。
根据本发明，所述目的通过将所述涂层体系施加在柔韧的成本有利的塑料基材或者塑料部件上得以实现，所述塑料基材或者塑料部件例如由PP和/或者ABS制成。由此该塑料基材或塑料部件保持了柔韧和不易破裂的特性，但是变得具有金属外观。可以借助以上提及的PVD和涂装工艺，将所述涂层体系简单地施加到具有不同形状和尺寸的基材或部件上。
实施例2
涉及：
半透明的/透明的，用于环境照明，无背光的情况下呈金属光泽，呈高光泽和丝绸光泽
到目前为止的技术：
薄膜技术和银清漆
所述问题根据本发明的解决方案：
在透明基材例如PC、PMMA上的涂层-体系
实施例3
涉及：
具有背光标记的部件
迄今的技术：
漆、薄膜技术和电镀(BIA专利)
根据本发明的问题解决方案：
在半透明-/透明基材例如PC、PMMA上的涂层体系，具有激光PVD-层
实施例4
涉及：
减重并且节约资源(没有铜和镍)
到目前为止的技术：
电镀
根据本发明的问题解决方案：
涂层体系具有与电镀层相比大约90％的减重
实施例5
涉及：
UV漆的可复涂性
到目前为止的技术：
氟化，反应性等离子体，常压等离子体
根据本发明的问题解决方案：
用磁控管溅射和反应性等离子体进行UV表面活化
实施例6
涉及：
利用PVD使表面的结构化更显著(直接金属化)
可将KS-结构引入模具中，或者通过蚀刻工艺、激光加工
可以产生易于清洁或者有光学效果的结构
到目前为止的技术：
厚层覆盖结构
根据本发明的问题解决方案：
用覆面漆(Decklack)PVD直接金属化(光泽，丝绸光泽)
实施例7
涉及：
在塑料表面上制造彩色层
到目前为止的技术：
通过借助PVD技术在塑料表面上产生透明层制成干涉色，例如通过使用阳极溅射技术(例如磁控管溅射)。此类层通常必须具有精确的层厚，以反射某种颜色。因此很难使用该技术在不平坦的表面上实现均匀的颜色。
根据本发明的问题解决方案：
通过实现用PVD-技术沉积的Ti/Al层的阳极氧化实现所述彩色层。优选地，根据本发明，首先在基材表面上施加至少一个漆层作为底涂层，然后沉积至少两个层片的PVD-层(例如得自钛和铝的)，紧接着使到目前为止如此涂覆的表面经受阳极氧化过程，最后至少还施加一个漆层作为面涂层。
实施例8
涉及：
低应力(spannungsarm)PVD-层的沉积
到目前为止的技术：
PVD沉积层经常具有很高的内应力，这导致层内破裂或者出现裂纹。
根据本发明的问题解决方案：
用于降低PVD-层内的内应力的特殊工艺控制。例如可以由此实现，即通过首先如此施加第一漆层(底涂层)，使得该漆层特性(例如硬度和/或弹性模量和/或厚度)能在之后的PVD-层的沉积中如此影响内应力的产生，使得该PVD-层内的内应力变小。
实施例9
涉及：
产生具有金属外观的黑色塑料表面
到目前为止的技术：
使表面黑色金属化，这导致该表面产生一定的导电性，这对于某些应用而言是不希望的或者不允许的。
根据本发明的问题解决方案：
给已经是黑色的塑料表面或者黑色塑料部件的表面涂以透明的金属氧化层，从而由于光学效应产生金属外观。
透明的不导电的金属氧化层与层厚和黑色背景正确结合，实现了金属外观。
优选地，可以首先将底涂层施加在黑色塑料基材上，接着沉积至少两层片的由一种或多种透明的不导电金属氧化物构成的PVD-层，最后施加面涂层。
实施例10
涉及：
制造可以用作电导体或电容的塑料部件的表面。
现有技术带来的问题：
柔韧性和大小
根据本发明的问题解决方案：
电导体：施加导电涂层，例如通过沉积金属的导电PVD-层。但是如果该导电PVD-层剥落，就会存在问题，因为导电能力丧失。
可以用来制造电容的另一方案是多层片层体系..PVD-层/漆/PVD-层/漆/PVD-层/漆...
优选地，例如可以将根据本发明的涂层体系方案：底涂层+多层片(至少两层片)PVD-层+面涂层直接沉积到塑料基材上，以获得电容特性。
实施例11
涉及：
天然的特征
使用到目前为止的技术存在的问题：
对大自然有害的物质
根据本发明的问题解决方案：
根据本发明的漆+PVD的结合。PVD不会引起大的环境污染。
实施例12
涉及：
镜子，高反射。
使用到目前为止的技术存在的问题：
重量，柔韧性
根据本发明的问题解决方案：
通过施加根据本发明的涂层-体系，产生镜子-或高反射特性。
实施例13
涉及：
模(Leisten)体系
使用到目前为止的技术存在的问题：
L-形模的高模具费用-难以处理
根据本发明的问题解决方案：
涂覆直线模(施加根据本发明的涂层-体系)，之后使其重新成型。也可用于车尾(Heck)中的标志。
无法将面涂层直接复涂在底涂层上，但是通过根据本发明的涂层体系方案：底涂层+多层片(至少两层片)PVD-层+面涂层
能实现明显更好的可涂装性。

Claims (9)

1.具有层体系的塑料部件，其中所述层体系包含施加在塑料表面上的底漆层，在所述底漆层上具有借助气相沉积施加的层或PVD-层，所述借助气相沉积施加的层或PVD层本身被面漆层覆盖，其特征在于，所述由气相沉积施加的层包含多个层片。
2.根据权利要求1所述的塑料部件，其特征在于，所述塑料部件由PP和/或ABS制成。
3.根据权利要求1～2中任一项所述的塑料部件，其特征在于，所述部件的经涂覆的表面具有金属外观。
4.根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的塑料部件，其特征在于，所述部件用于行人保护用途或者防碰撞用途。
5.根据权利要求1所述的塑料部件，其特征在于，所述塑料部件是透明的或者半透明的，优选由PC和/或PMMA制成。
6.根据权利要求1或5中任一项所述的塑料部件，其特征在于，所述部件作为半透光的/透明/半透明的物体使用，例如用于环境照明。
7.根据权利要求1或5中任一项所述的塑料部件，其特征在于，所述部件是具有背光标记的部件。
8.根据权利要求1所述的塑料部件，其特征在于，通过所述涂层产生新的彩色表面。
9.制备根据权利要求8所述的塑料部件的方法，其中所述PVD-层是金属层，优选由Ti和Al构成，在施加面漆层之前对其进行阳极氧化处理。
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