CN102421929A - 卫生器具 - Google Patents

卫生器具 Download PDF

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CN102421929A
CN102421929A CN2010800203203A CN201080020320A CN102421929A CN 102421929 A CN102421929 A CN 102421929A CN 2010800203203 A CN2010800203203 A CN 2010800203203A CN 201080020320 A CN201080020320 A CN 201080020320A CN 102421929 A CN102421929 A CN 102421929A
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卡尔·托马斯
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有装饰表面的卫生器具，基本上包括由塑料或者金属构成的主体(1)以及至少部分外涂层。至少一个金属层(4)被设置为外涂层，该金属层(4)由选自以下元素组中的至少两种元素的组合构成，该元素组包括铝、铬、锌、银、钛和锆。

Description

卫生器具
本发明涉及一种具有根据权利要求1所述的装饰表面结构的卫生器具，并且涉及一种根据权利要求13所述的制造该卫生器具的方法。
在许多日常用品的情况下，特别是卫生器具，其设计除了具有技术功能外，还扮演着一种重要的角色。就这一点而言，表面的结构是非常重要的。通常，对于卫生设备配件、淋浴喷头、手持型淋浴喷头、浴室配件、灯、架子等等，令人满意的是所述表面是金属的或者具有金属特性。除了金属制成的卫生器具具有电镀层，那些通常由塑料制成的物品也具有金属覆盖层。
所述金属覆盖层一方面具有上述装饰的功能，除此之外还必须能够耐腐蚀、耐摩擦以及抗化学侵蚀。
在卫生器具的情况下，通常电镀铬层是理想的金属覆盖层。这意味着所述卫生器具获得了最终的铬表面，可按需要制成有光泽的或者消光的。
然而，从目前的工艺水平中可以得知多种施加装饰涂层的方法。除了如电镀加工的湿化学法，公知的方法还有PVD(物理气相沉积)法，CVD(化学气相沉积)法，涂覆法以及它们的结合，通过这些方法，具有特定颜色的层能够沉积到所述物品上。
然而，由于管理上的规定，在卫生器具上镀铬层是有问题的，因为要避免水与由镍和铬层构成的镀铬层表面的接触，以防止镍进入饮用水中。然而，在湿化学法中，很难避免镍进入载水部件的内部。为此，由镀铬塑料构成的卫生器具(特别是手持式淋浴喷头)通常制成两个部件。由镀铬ABS塑料构成的外壳仅具有装饰作用。由塑料构成的内部水管，满足关于饮用水要求的法律要求。
此外，特别是热塑性塑料，诸如丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯聚合物(ABS)，是适合镀铬的，但是不允许它们作为载水部件，因为它们在使用时，对于某些水溶性物质不可能符合法律规定的限制。
例如，德国专利公开说明书No.10 2005 026 633 A1公开了一种用于制备由塑料制成的电镀卫生器具的方法，其中通过借助附加部件将水流与载水区域相分离，从而避免了载水区域的镀铬或者镀镍。
本发明的目的在于改进具有装饰表面的单件式载水卫生器具的制造。
这一目的是通过具有权利要求1所述的特征的卫生器具以及根据权利要求13所述的生产该卫生器具的方法来实现的。有利的改进是从属权利要求保护的主题。
本发明提供一种包括底层和涂层的卫生器具，所述底层由塑料或者金属特别是黄铜、锌或者不锈钢构成，所述涂层由金属层构成，该金属层由选自包括铝、铬、锌、银、钛和锆的组中的至少两种元素的组合制成。涂覆被理解成将无定形物质的牢固粘附层施加至工件。该涂层和底层构成一种由不同物质制成的复合主体。该涂层承担接触的功能，诸如防止化学侵蚀或者腐蚀侵蚀以及抵抗摩擦应力、影响摩擦行为，或者用于视觉或者装饰的目的；然而所述底层承担支撑功能或者媒介供应，其性能适用于不考虑接触行为的特定应力。
主体，可以是载水主体，通过铸造方法、成型方法(或者在塑料的情况下通过注模方法)由底层制成。
接下来，通过PVD法至少在主体的外表面上制造金属层。这样做，金属层可由选自包括铝、铬、锌、银、钛和锆的组中的至少两种元素的合金构成。作为替代实施例，金属层可由单个元素构成，以使金属层的合金成分在沉积的过程中直接形成。因此，可以在涂覆工艺中改变合金中元素比例。这样做的结果是：层的属性，特别是颜色会随层的厚度和层的外形而改变。
通过金属层中的材料比例、工艺参数以及过程控制的适当结合，由电镀法制造的铬表面的外观能够再现。正如由电镀法制造的典型部件，本发明的卫生器具具有优秀的耐化学溶剂和耐清洁剂、高光反射性和高光泽度的表面。
金属层通常是十分厚的，所以金属层是不透明或者完全反射的。在这种情况下，金属层优选为具有40nm至150nm的厚度。
作为替代，金属层也可以由透明或者半透明性质的材料制成。这可获得15nm至40nm的层厚度，优选为25nm。因此，该层可以是从一个侧面背光的，例如，从底层侧背光。
附加的性能优势通过施加多层来实现。
根据本发明的实施例，所述卫生器具在主体与金属层之间具有中间层或者缓冲层，所述中间层或缓冲层以有机层、金属层、金属层序列的形式或者以包括至少一个有机层和一个金属层的层序列的形式呈现。所述中间层或者缓冲层用于平衡载水主体与金属层或者层体系的不同机械性能和化学性能。否则，存在由于裂缝的形成而导致层断裂的危险。有利地，提供由一种元素或者多种元素的组合构成的中间层或者缓冲层的金属层，所述多种元素选自于包括锆、钛、铬、锡和锌的组。因此，界面(在中间层和主体之间和在中间层和金属层之间)具有化学化合物是非常有利的，在该化合物的帮助下创建化学键桥，因此确保了：与载水主体相比，金属层更好地粘附在中间层上。此外，中间层比主体具有更大的表面粗糙度，所以在通过PVD法直接金属化的过程中，在中间层和金属层之间形成机械互锁，因此，也提高了金属层的粘附性。有利地，中间层的金属层具有10nm至60nm的厚度。
本发明的实施例设有层序列，所述层序列包括设置在载水主体和所述金属层之间的有机金属层，因此所述有机层靠近所述载水主体。能够通过涂覆技术施加的有机层或者底层被用作校正层。取决于载水主体表面处理的程度，载水主体具有光滑的、磨光的或者目标结构化表面。此外，所述有机层用作介于载水主体和金属层的耦合层或者偶联剂。因此，中间层再次平衡载水主体和金属层或层体系的不同机械性能和化学性能。
另外，本发明的改进实施例：以无机层、附加有机层的形式或者以包括无机层和有机层的层序列的形式出现的覆盖层被施加作为最终层。
有利地，在这种情况下，使用PVD法将陶瓷硬质材料层(优选包括AlSixOyNz，AlOxNy，Al2O3或SiO2)施加到金属层作为覆盖层或者覆盖层的一部分。这种硬质材料层代表呈现颜色的金属层上的防刮保护层。该硬质材料层除了用作阻挡层或者扩散保护层外，也提高了位于其下方的金属层的化学耐受性，该硬质材料可以具有10nm至200nm的层厚度。
特别的，在卫生器具中，通常设有代表性的标识或者文字，在覆盖层下方部分地设置标记层是有利的。所述标记层可以是装饰性的层或者仅由符号或者字母组成，这些字母或文字用于传递信息。最终的透明覆盖层保护刻字以防止清洁剂等带来的磨损。
图中示出了本发明的典型实施例，以下将更详细地对其进行描述。在图中，图1示出了具有本发明的层结构的手持式淋浴喷头的横截面。
图1示出的手持式淋浴喷头具有塑料的基底或者底层。引水管、淋浴喷头以及把手被制成单个部件，例如，以注射成型方法。以包括有机层2和金属层3的层序列形式出现的中间层或者缓冲层被设置在载水主体的表面上。之后是从包含铝、铬、锌、银、钛和锆的组中选出的至少两种元素的组合的光泽或金属层4。例如，很好的颜色效果和好的耐蚀性是通过铝、铬和银的合金以及铝、铬、银和锆的合金来实现的。另外，这些合金相对于底层具有良好的平衡性能，因此涂覆之后无裂痕出现。
覆盖层以无机层5和最终有机层6(所谓的表面涂层)的层序列的形式施加到该光泽或金属层4上。在该序列层中，无机层5用作粘结桥，因为通常一些金属层相对于覆盖层具有较差的粘附性能。然而，金属层4是为了保证被涂覆物体的耐蚀性，覆盖层被用来提高耐划伤性。此外，通过覆盖层与金属层4的结合创建特定物体的整体外观的理想颜色。以这种方式，不但可以通过电镀方法获得理想的“铬色”，而且也可以创建具有金属印象、消光效果和金属效果的不同的颜色和结构。总体来说，这些覆盖层承担保护功能；它们是耐划伤的、防蚀的、抗粘附的以及防污的。
对于载水主体的底层，可以选用符合饮用水品质的法律要求的塑料。本发明的层结构不需要特定类型的塑料。因为所有的层可以从外部涂覆，而手持式淋浴喷头的内部保持未被涂覆。不会出现外部层体系与饮用水相接触的现象或者不会出现可溶性物质从涂层进入到经过卫生器具的水中的现象。
本发明的卫生器具的寿命也可以通过新型的涂层延长。尽管由于塑料和电镀层对热应力反应不同，而导致在已知的单件电镀卫生器具中经常会出现表面裂缝，但是由于本发明的卫生器具的覆盖层较薄，而不会出现因不同应力而产生的损害。PVD层相对于载水主体的底层制作得很薄，以在该层内不会出现内部应力。
附图标记：
1、载水主体，底层
2、中间层-有机层
3、中间层-金属层
4、金属层
5、覆盖层，无机层，硬质材料层
6、覆盖层-有机层
7、标记层

Claims (15)

1.一种具有装饰表面的卫生器具，其基本上包括
-主体(1)，其由塑料或者金属特别是黄铜、锌或者不锈钢构成，以及
-至少部分外涂层，
--所述外涂层为金属层(4)，所述金属层(4)由选自包括铝、铬、锌、银、钛和锆的组中的至少两种元素的组合构成。
2.如权利要求1所述的卫生器具，其特征在于，所述金属层(4)是透明的或者半透明的。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的卫生器具，其特征在于，所述金属层(4)具有15nm至40nm的厚度。
4.如权利要求1所述的卫生器具，其特征在于，所述金属层(4)具有40nm至150nm的厚度。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的卫生器具，其特征在于，在底层(1)和所述金属层(4)之间设置中间层(2，3)，所述中间层(2，3)为有机层(2)、金属层(3)、金属层序列或者至少一个有机层和至少一个金属层的层序列。
6.如权利要求5所述的卫生器具，其特征在于，所述中间层(2，3)的金属层(3)由选自包括锆、钛、铬、锡和锌的组的一种元素或者多种元素的组合构成。
7.如权利要求5所述的卫生器具，其特征在于，所述中间层的有机层(2)靠近所述载水主体(1)设置。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的卫生器具，其特征在于，设有覆盖层(5，6)，所述覆盖层(5，6)为无机层(5)、金属层、有机层(6)、或者一个有机层和至少一个无机层的层序列、或者有机层和至少一个金属层的层序列。
9.如权利要求8所述的卫生器具，其特征在于，所述覆盖层的无机层(5)被提供为包括AlSixOyN2，AlOxNy，Al2O3或SiO2的透明陶瓷硬质材料层。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的卫生器具，其特征在于，在所述覆盖层下面部分地设置标记层(7)。
11.如权利要求5至10中任一项所述的卫生器具，其特征在于，所述中间层(2，3)的金属层(3)具有10nm至60nm的厚度。
12.如权利要求9至11中任一项所述的卫生器具，其特征在于，所述覆盖层的陶瓷硬质材料层(5)具有10nm至200nm的厚度。
13.一种通过将牢固粘附层施加至载水主体(1)而制造具有装饰表面的卫生器具的方法，其中，所述载水主体(1)由塑料或金属特别是不锈钢、锌或者黄铜制成，其特征在于，通过物理气相沉积(PVD)法将至少两种元素的组合的金属层(4)施加至所述载水主体(1)，所述元素选自以下的元素组：铝、铬、锌、银、钛和锆。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，在施加所述金属层(4)之前，将至少一个有机层(2)、金属层(3)、金属层序列、或者至少一个有机层(2)和至少一个金属层(3)的层序列施加至所述载水主体(1)。
15.如权利要求13或14所述的方法，其特征在于，以无机硬质材料层(5)、另一有机层(6)的形式，或者以一个有机层和至少一个无机层的层序列的形式施加覆盖层(5，6)。
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CN115605630A (zh) * 2020-05-09 2023-01-13 高仪股份公司（De） 对物体进行涂装的方法、纳米颗粒的用途和具有涂装表面的物体

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