US10837117B2 - Method for coating an object by means of a multilayer system with a nickel-phosphorus alloy - Google Patents
Method for coating an object by means of a multilayer system with a nickel-phosphorus alloy Download PDFInfo
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- US10837117B2 US10837117B2 US16/166,676 US201816166676A US10837117B2 US 10837117 B2 US10837117 B2 US 10837117B2 US 201816166676 A US201816166676 A US 201816166676A US 10837117 B2 US10837117 B2 US 10837117B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/322—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/343—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one DLC or an amorphous carbon based layer, the layer being doped or not
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
- C25D3/06—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium from solutions of trivalent chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
- C25D3/08—Deposition of black chromium, e.g. hexavalent chromium, CrVI
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
- C25D5/14—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/605—Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers
- C25D5/611—Smooth layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/615—Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
- C25D5/617—Crystalline layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/627—Electroplating characterised by the visual appearance of the layers, e.g. colour, brightness or mat appearance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/54—Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces
- C25D5/56—Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces of plastics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for coating an article using a multilayer system.
- Such multilayer systems are used as corrosion protection and/or as decorative coatings, for example.
- the intent is for articles of sanitary facilities, such as, e.g., plumbing fixtures, to be produced or finished using the method specified here.
- Multilayer systems based on electrochemically deposited metal layers can produce corrosion products as a function of the employed substrates, layer materials, surrounding media, and reaction conditions. Moreover, the process of corrosion depends on geometric circumstances (for example, resulting in crevice corrosion) and mechanical influences (for example, friction). The causes of corrosion can be diverse, and generally occur in combination. Mentioned here by way of example are electrochemical potential differences between the layers and substrate material flaws (for example, seams).
- Multilayer systems based on electrochemically deposited copper layers, nickel layers, and chromium layers are known from the prior art.
- different nickel layers are usually used as a multilayer structure (semibright nickel, bright nickel, microporous nickel).
- Corrosion protection of the coated component is enhanced by a subsequent chromium plating from an electrolyte containing chromium(VI) or chromium(III).
- a chromium layer protects nickel layers from rapid corrosion attack.
- Damaged chromium coatings but also coatings with chromium layers that are not fully continuous, that were deposited too thinly, or that are porous, soon (depending on external conditions such as usage, cleaning, and surrounding media) result in corrosion products that are visually unsightly, and can lead to component failure in susceptible substrate materials.
- a surface of the article is at least partially coated with a coating that has a multiplicity of layers, wherein at least one layer of the coating is made of a nickel phosphorus alloy and wherein a mass fraction of the phosphorus in the nickel phosphorus alloy is at least 8%.
- the subject matter is a substrate made of an arbitrary solid material that has a surface, but preferably is a sanitary article, as for example a plumbing fixture, which is used, in particular, in connection with washbasins, sinks, showers, and/or bathtubs.
- a plumbing fixture which is used, in particular, in connection with washbasins, sinks, showers, and/or bathtubs.
- Such plumbing fixtures serve, in particular, to draw water, and may include actuators for a water temperature and/or a draw volume of the water, and are commonly used in an area that is visible to the user, so they should have a decorative surface on the one hand, and must be efficaciously protected against corrosion on the other hand.
- the surface of the article is coated at least partially or completely with a coating having a multiplicity of layers.
- the coating is a multilayer system, with which it is possible to produce decorative and/or functional surfaces, in particular.
- the individual layers are formed sequentially, in particular, and/or differ in their material composition.
- the individual layers preferably each have a layer thickness of 5 ⁇ m (micrometers) to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 8 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m.
- At least one of the multiplicity of layers of the coating is made of a nickel phosphorus alloy, wherein a mass fraction of the phosphorus in the nickel phosphorus alloy is at least 8%.
- the mass fraction of the phosphorus in the nickel phosphorus alloy is preferably 8% to 14%, especially preferably 10% to 12%.
- At least the layer made of the nickel phosphorus alloy is electrolytically deposited on the article.
- additional layers or all layers of the coating can also be electrolytically deposited on the article.
- the article is at least partially dipped in an electrolytic solution, in particular.
- the nickel phosphorus alloy takes on the function of corrosion protection. Consequently, the nickel phosphorus alloy prevents corrosion of the article to a great degree, and thus improves the corrosion properties of, in particular, decorative coatings with a functional character. Damage, or coatings that are not fully continuous or are porous, therefore result in a significantly reduced progress of corrosion of the article, so that component failure and/or visual impairment are avoided.
- the article is made of copper, zinc, aluminum, steel, plastic, or an alloy that includes copper, zinc, or steel.
- Water-carrying sanitary articles as for example single-lever mixers and/or spouts, can be made at least partially of copper alloys (brass, bronze).
- Many attachments in the plumbing industry are made of die-cast zinc (for example levers for single-lever mixers, housings, and/or spouts).
- Decorative die-cast zinc parts are used in the automotive industry, as well (for example interior door handles, key parts, and/or console elements).
- Plastics are chromium-plated for decorative purposes in the plumbing field for caps, flush plates, rosettes, and/or sleeves.
- ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
- PC polycarbonate
- PA polyamide
- PA/GF glass-fiber reinforced polyamide
- Galvanically chromium-plated steel parts are likewise used in numerous industries, as, for example, the furniture industry (chair frames), the automotive industry (attachments, ashtrays, headrest supports, etc.). Aluminum is used in the plumbing industry, for example in the area of shower enclosures and bathroom furniture.
- a first layer of the coating is made of copper or nickel.
- the first layer of the coating is the layer that is applied directly to the surface of the body.
- the visual surface quality that is required for the production of high-quality chromium surfaces can be achieved by means of the copper or nickel layer.
- both metals can even out surface defects (scratches, fine lines, pores) and significantly enhance the luster of the finished surfaces.
- the corrosion resistance of the body can be increased, and in the case of plastic bodies, the adhesion of the finished coating to the body can be significantly improved by the ductility of copper.
- an additional layer of the coating is made of bright nickel, semibright nickel, or matte nickel.
- the additional layer is applied directly on the first layer, in particular.
- Bright nickel layers have the greatest importance of all nickel layers. The focus here is on the decorative application. Bright nickel baths contain various brighteners. These agents produce a fine-crystalline structure, and thus a brilliant, highly lustrous layer. Chromium deposited on this layer produces a highly lustrous surface that is generally known and is the most widespread.
- Semibright nickel layers are not deposited because of their low level of luster, but instead in order to meet special corrosion-related requirements. Semibright nickel layers should always be considered together with the bright nickel layer. They are usually deposited before the bright nickel layer, and improve the corrosion properties of the composite because of their electrochemical potential.
- Matte nickel layers are nickel layers that have largely nonglare properties due to their composition. Usually, certain substances are added to the electrolyte that influence the nickel deposition. Since the purpose of these layers is to achieve a certain appearance, these layers usually are deposited directly prior to the chromium plating (often as a substitute for bright nickel layers). In this process, the color and matte appearance can be controlled within certain limits by the process parameters.
- a third layer of the coating is made of the suggested nickel phosphorus alloy.
- the third layer is applied directly on the second layer, in particular.
- a fourth layer of the coating is a chromium layer.
- the fourth layer is applied directly on the third layer, in particular.
- the chromium layer is deposited from hexavalent or trivalent chromium electrolyte.
- a chromium layer made of a hexavalent chromium electrolyte is especially corrosion-resistant in this context, and provides very good visual surface qualities.
- a chromium layer made of a trivalent chromium electrolyte is especially suitable and preferred from the perspective of occupational safety and for environmental reasons.
- a fifth layer of the coating includes at least a zirconium compound, a chromium compound, or a titanium compound. Mixtures of these compounds are also possible in the fifth layer.
- the fifth layer is applied directly on the fourth layer, in particular.
- the purpose of this coating is to produce a particular color. For example, red tones, gold tones, or stainless steel appearance are achieved with this layer on galvanically deposited chromium layers.
- the composition of these layers determines the color achieved here.
- These layers usually are composed of zirconium nitride (ZrN), titanium nitride (TiN), and/or chromium nitride (CrN) in various proportions.
- the fifth layer can be produced through physical vapor deposition (PVD process).
- the fifth layer can be produced from an amorphous carbon layer.
- At least the nickel phosphorus alloy can be applied electrolytically. This method can be carried out significantly faster than autocatalytic application, for example, and is thus better suited for large-scale industrial production.
- other layers can also be applied electrolytically, as for example the chromium layer.
- Another very particular advantage of the invention is achieved when the chromium layer is applied directly on the nickel phosphorus alloy.
- the corrosion resistance of the chromium layer is especially improved by this means.
- a chromium layer made of a trivalent chromium electrolyte is applied electrolytically on the nickel phosphorus alloy, it is particularly also possible with this electrolyte to achieve especially good corrosion resistance, which is substantially better than previously known coatings of trivalent chromium.
- a brush structure is introduced in the coating.
- the application of a brush structure is generally carried out in conjunction with the above-mentioned PVD coating.
- the resulting final surfaces are “brushed stainless steel” or “brushed nickel,” for example.
- the brushing is carried out by pressing the articles against rotating disks. These disks may be polishing disks with suitable polishing pastes, fiber brushes, or sisal brushes, for example. This step is carried out before PVD coating, or even before the chromium plating.
- FIG. 2 shows an article coated with the autocatalytic method according to the conventional art in a longitudinal section
- FIG. 3 shows an article coated with the electrolytic method according to the invention in a longitudinal section.
- FIG. 1 shows a coated article 1 in a longitudinal section, which has a body 2 with a surface 3 .
- the surface 3 is coated with a coating 4 , which has a first layer 5 , a second layer 6 , a third layer 7 , a fourth layer 8 , and a fifth layer 9 .
- the body 2 is steel
- the first layer 5 is copper
- the second layer 6 is matte nickel
- the third layer 7 is a nickel phosphorus alloy
- the fourth layer 8 is a chromium layer.
- the fifth layer 9 includes a zirconium compound.
- the coated article 1 from FIG. 2 is represented once again, with the coating 4 having been applied here by means of an electrolytic coating method.
- the outer contour 10 in this implementation no longer follows the contour of the coated article. Instead, deposits of different thickness of the coatings are produced on the surface of the coated article, which essentially follow the field lines of the electric fields in the electrolyte bath.
- a significant reduction in the distance between corner regions 11 can be achieved through the electrolytic coating, in particular in the corner regions 11 . Consequently, significantly smoother surfaces can be created as compared to coating with an autocatalytic method, in that gaps or pores that are present are filled or made significantly smaller. This results on the whole in a significantly higher-quality surface of the finished, coated article 1 .
- the electrolytic coating method is additionally advantageous due to the fact that the entire component or the entire article 1 to be coated is not coated. Instead, it is possible to selectively coat regions of the article 1 to be coated, by which means unwanted coating of water-carrying sections can be avoided completely, but at least largely avoided. In the case of autocatalytic coating, this is not possible in this form without carrying out otherwise required and extremely resource-intensive covering or closure measures on the article 1 to be coated.
- the present invention is distinguished, in particular, by high corrosion protection in decorative multilayer systems.
Abstract
Description
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102016004913.8 | 2016-04-22 | ||
DE102016004913.8A DE102016004913A1 (en) | 2016-04-22 | 2016-04-22 | Method for coating an article by means of a multilayer system with a nickel-phosphorus alloy |
DE102016004913 | 2016-04-22 | ||
PCT/EP2017/000498 WO2017182123A1 (en) | 2016-04-22 | 2017-04-19 | Method for coating an object by means of a multilayer system with a nickel-phosphorus alloy |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2017/000498 Continuation WO2017182123A1 (en) | 2016-04-22 | 2017-04-19 | Method for coating an object by means of a multilayer system with a nickel-phosphorus alloy |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20190055664A1 US20190055664A1 (en) | 2019-02-21 |
US10837117B2 true US10837117B2 (en) | 2020-11-17 |
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US16/166,676 Active US10837117B2 (en) | 2016-04-22 | 2018-10-22 | Method for coating an object by means of a multilayer system with a nickel-phosphorus alloy |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US10837117B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP4212647A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN109072448A (en) |
DE (2) | DE102016004913A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017182123A1 (en) |
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JP6872176B2 (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-05-19 | 株式会社タンガロイ | Friction material |
DE102020106254A1 (en) | 2020-03-09 | 2021-09-09 | Grohe Ag | Process for the production of a coated component for a water fitting |
DE102020106256A1 (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2021-09-09 | Grohe Ag | Process for the production of a coated component |
DE102021105192A1 (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2022-09-08 | Grohe Ag | Process for coating a sanitary component |
DE102021106078A1 (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2022-09-15 | Grohe Ag | Sanitary component with a coating and method for coating a sanitary component |
CN113235141B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2022-03-18 | 淮阴工学院 | Nickel barrel plating and gold plating process for iron-based material |
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CN104962884A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-10-07 | 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 | Metal plated part and preparation method thereof |
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2016
- 2016-04-22 DE DE102016004913.8A patent/DE102016004913A1/en active Pending
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2017
- 2017-04-19 DE DE202017007674.8U patent/DE202017007674U1/en active Active
- 2017-04-19 EP EP23160921.5A patent/EP4212647A1/en active Pending
- 2017-04-19 EP EP17720678.6A patent/EP3445892B1/en active Active
- 2017-04-19 CN CN201780012036.3A patent/CN109072448A/en active Pending
- 2017-04-19 WO PCT/EP2017/000498 patent/WO2017182123A1/en active Application Filing
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2018
- 2018-10-22 US US16/166,676 patent/US10837117B2/en active Active
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DE4430430C1 (en) | 1994-08-29 | 1995-12-21 | Huettl & Vester Gmbh | Producing engraved rollers and plates |
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DE102008046673A1 (en) | 2008-09-10 | 2010-03-11 | Grohe Ag | composite body |
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WO2014111616A1 (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2014-07-24 | Savroc Ltd | Method for producing a chromium coating on a metal substrate |
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WO2017182123A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
DE202017007674U1 (en) | 2024-02-09 |
CN109072448A (en) | 2018-12-21 |
DE102016004913A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
US20190055664A1 (en) | 2019-02-21 |
EP3445892A1 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
EP4212647A1 (en) | 2023-07-19 |
EP3445892B1 (en) | 2023-05-31 |
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