CN104356345A - 具有荧光性的接枝可降解嵌段聚氨酯、骨修复材料及制备方法 - Google Patents

具有荧光性的接枝可降解嵌段聚氨酯、骨修复材料及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104356345A
CN104356345A CN201410711669.1A CN201410711669A CN104356345A CN 104356345 A CN104356345 A CN 104356345A CN 201410711669 A CN201410711669 A CN 201410711669A CN 104356345 A CN104356345 A CN 104356345A
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soft section
quality
polyurethane
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CN104356345B (zh
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李玉宝
杨博渊
左奕
李丽梅
李吉东
邹琴
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Sichuan University
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Abstract

具有荧光性的接枝可降解嵌段聚氨酯、骨修复材料及制备方法。所述的聚氨酯为在由脂肪族二异氰酸酯的硬段,与含有端羟基的聚合物或嵌段共聚物的可降解聚合物链段的软段聚合而成的结构中接枝有医学中可以接受的荧光性成分。所述的骨修复材料,为以该聚氨酯与纳米羟基磷灰石粉末共同组成。该聚氨酯及相应的骨修复材料既具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性,并同时具有荧光特性,可用来示踪评价嵌段聚氨酯的降解过程,分析降解机理,考察降解速率对材料力学性能和组织再生重建过程的影响,为高分子降解材料的生物安全性评价提供新的视角和手段,且制备工艺简单,易于控制操作,在生物医学领域具有很好的应用前景。

Description

具有荧光性的接枝可降解嵌段聚氨酯、骨修复材料及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有荧光性的接枝可降解医用嵌段聚氨酯,以该聚氨酯为原料的骨组织修复材料,及其制备方法。
背景技术
源于对自然骨组织结构的细微观察而开发的高分子嵌段纳米复合材料,是目前骨再生医学中的研究热点之一(Lijiezhang, Thomas J. Webster, Nanotechnology and nanomaterials: promises for improved tissue regeneration, Nano Today, 2009, 4: 66-80)。这种可精密设计和批量合成的嵌段高分子,既可提供细胞粘附所需的类骨胶原微相环境,又是解决支架材料生物吸收、可控降解的有效方案,是仿生制备骨修复材料更好的选择。其中,结构灵活可调的嵌段聚氨酯(polyurethane, PU)因其良好的生物相容性和软硬可控、微区分相的材料特性更逐渐引起了学者们的关注(Raquel Verdejo, Gavin Jell, lalehSafinia, Alexander Bismarck, Molly M. Stevens, Milo S. P. Shaffer, Reactive polyurethane carbon nanotube foams and their interactions with osteoblasts, J Biomed Mater Res, 2009, 88A:65-73)。通过改变成分配比来调控嵌段聚氨酯降解速率,并利用嵌段聚氨酯易发泡特性制备成的可降解型嵌段聚氨酯支架材料,有望修复替代各类缺损骨,具有良好的临床医学应用前景(M. Zanetta, et. Ability of polyurethane foams to support cell proliferation and the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts, ActaBiomaterialia, 2009, 5: 1126-1136;CIR oissard, et. Nanohydroxyapatite/poly(ester urethane) scaffold for bone tissue engineering, ActaBiomaterialia, 2009, 5, 9:3316-3327)。
聚氨酯材料通常是由聚醚或聚酯多元醇化合物(软段)先与二异氰酸酯(硬段)经加成反应得到相应的预聚体后,再与扩链剂反应,成为一种含有氨基甲酸酯官能团的聚氨酯高分子材料。生物可降解的聚氨酯材料具有优异的机械性能,良好的血液相容性、组织相容性和生物可降解性。其结构中的软段原料,主要是水解性聚酯二醇,如聚己内酯(PCL),聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚四氢呋喃醚二元醇(PTMC)、聚环氧乙烷(PEO)、L-赖丙氨酸扩链剂(PHE)、共聚物(PCL-PEO-PCL)、改性蓖麻油(Vinıcius B. et. Rigid polyurethane foam based on modified vegetable oil. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2011; 120: 530–537)等,这些分子链较长的疏水软段结构能提供很好的韧性特质,适合于构建组织工程应用的支架。
传统聚氨酯合成过程中使用的硬段结构,主要为芳香族二异氰酸酯,如4,4-亚甲基-二苯基二异氰酸酯(4,4'-methylenebis phenylisocyanate, MDI)和甲苯二异氰酸酯(Toluene diisocyanate, TDI)等前驱体原料,其高反应活性的游离单体和降解产物会带来潜在的生物毒性隐患,限制了其在生物材料和再生医学上的应用。已有报道采用生物相容性较好的脂肪族二异氰酸酯,如L-赖氨酸二异氰酸酯(lysine diisocyanate, LDI)和异环己酰亚胺(1,4-diisocyanatobutane, BDI),其降解产物为小分子烷烃,对人体无毒害。但因LDI原料价格昂贵,推广应用困难。异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(Isophoronediisocyanate, IPDI)因其无毒且可降解,已成为合成脂肪族嵌段聚氨酯原料之一。对此,在包括公开号CN101391113A的中国专利在内的一些文献中,都已有过研究和报道。
发明内容
在现有研究的基础上,本发明首先提供的是一种具有荧光性的接枝可降解医用嵌段聚氨酯材料,并在此基础上,进一步提供以该聚氨酯为原料的骨组织修复材料,以及所述的聚氨酯材料及骨组织修复材料的制备方法,从而为评价这些材料在体内的降解过程,分析降解机理,考察降解速率对材料力学性能和组织再生重建过程的影响,以及对高分子降解材料生物安全性的评价,提供一种新的视角和研究手段。
本发明具有荧光性的接枝可降解嵌段聚氨酯,是在目前由脂肪族二异氰酸酯的硬段与含有羟基的可降解聚合物链段的软段聚合成聚氨酯材料的研究基础上,在所述的聚氨酯结构中接枝有医学中可以接受的荧光性成分(即至少为无毒或低毒),特别是所述的荧光性成分被接枝在聚氨酯的脂肪族二异氰酸酯硬段结构上。其中,所述硬段中的异氰酸酯基与软段中的羟基的摩尔比为0.5~4:1,优选2~3,所述硬段的脂肪族二异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、赖氨酸二异氰酸酯(LDI)、4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)中的至少一种,优选异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI);所述软段的可降解的聚合物链段为含有端羟基的聚合物或嵌段共聚物,所述的荧光性成分为荧光素类物质或含有至少两个羟基的荧光发光物质,荧光性成分的质量为所述软段质量的0.1~100%,优选为1~5%。
上述聚氨酯结构中所述的含有端羟基的聚合物或嵌段共聚物的软段,可以选择分子量为400~50000的聚乙交酯(PGA),聚乳酸(PLA),聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA),聚己内酯二醇(PCL)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、蓖麻油(CO)、改性蓖麻油中的至少一种;优选的是由分子量为500~4000的聚己内酯二醇或聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物与分子量为400~1000的聚乙二醇、以及蓖麻油或改性蓖麻油三种组分以摩尔比1:2:1~1:2:3共聚形成的同时亲水和亲油的两亲性分子链段(各成分均有文献报道和/或市售商品)。
上述的医学中可以接受的荧光素类物质,可以包括钙黄绿素(3,3'-双(甲胺二乙酸)荧光素),异硫氰酸荧光素,荧光黄,荧光橙红的至少一种;所述的含有至少两个羟基的荧光发光物质,可以选择分别含有至少两个羟基的包括萘类衍生物、芘类化合物、香豆素衍生物、吡唑啉衍生物、1,8-萘酰亚胺衍生物、蒽醌衍生物中的至少一种;其中优选的是钙黄绿素荧光素。
对本发明上述具有荧光性的接枝可降解嵌段聚氨酯,可以参照包括前述文献在内的目前已有报道和/或使用的方法制备得到,包括催化剂和/或扩链剂的选择,以及制备过程及操作条件等。作为可推荐的方式之一,例如可以在惰性气体保护下,将所述比例量的含有端羟基的聚合物或嵌段共聚物的软段、脂肪族二异氰酸酯的硬段和荧光性成分,在40~120℃的条件下混合反应2~8小时,得到含荧光基团的嵌段聚氨酯预聚体,然后于催化剂存在下继续反应1~4小时(例如可在反应物开始出现粘稠态)时,加入为所述软段质量0.1~20%的扩链剂继续反应2~6小时后,再于60~130℃条件下熟化至少12小时,得到所述嵌段聚氨酯目标产物。所述的催化剂可以为常用的金属氧化物或叔胺类化合物,例如可以选择二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTL)、辛酸亚锡、氯化亚锡等常用金属氧化物型催化剂中的一种;或者如三亚乙基二胺(DABCO)、二甲基乙醇胺(DMEA)、三乙胺、三乙醇胺(TEA)、三亚乙基二胺(TEDA)等叔胺类化合物催化剂中的一种。其中优选的催化剂为辛酸亚锡和/或三亚乙基二胺。催化剂的用量一般可以为软段质量0.01~1%,更好的优选用量可以为软段质量0.1~0.5%。
在上述制备方法中,还可以单独或以任意方式组合采用的更好操作条件包括:制备含荧光基团的嵌段聚氨酯预聚体的温度优选为50~80℃,和/或反应时间优选为2~4小时;在催化剂存在下继续反应时扩链剂的加入量,优选为所述软段质量1~10%、更好的是为所述软段质量1~5%;反应后的熟化温度优选为70~120℃。
所述的扩链剂可以选自如1,4-丁二醇、蓖麻油、乙二醇、丙三醇、1,6-己二醇等小分子多元醇中的一种,或采用分子量100~800的聚乙二醇。其中,优选的扩链剂是1,4-丁二醇。
进一步,上述的制备方法中,在所述加入扩链剂继续反应2~6h后,若加入例如水或包括环戊烷、正戊烷、异戊烷在内的烷烃化合物等适当的发泡剂继续反应0.5h。经发泡剂发泡后的嵌段聚氨酯材料,可在材料中形成具有较高孔隙率和/或贯通的孔道,有利于新生骨的生长,更适合作为骨修复的组织工程支架材料应用于临床当中。其中,优选的发泡剂是最简单的水。
由上述具有荧光性的接枝可降解嵌段聚氨酯为原料,与纳米羟基磷灰石粉末以质量为1:0.1~0.6混合,可以进一步组成相应的具有荧光性的骨修复材料。
所述具有荧光性的骨修复材料的制备,同样可以参照包括前述文献在内的目前已有报道和/或使用的方法制备得到。例如,可以采用在惰性气体保护下,将所述比例量的含有端羟基的聚合物或嵌段共聚物的软段与纳米羟基磷灰石粉末混合后,再与所述比例量的脂肪族二异氰酸酯的硬段混合在40~120℃,优选50~80℃条件下混合反应2~8小时,优选混合反应2~4小时后,加入所述医学中可以接受的荧光性成分原料继续混合反应2~6小时,得到含有荧光基团的嵌段聚氨酯预聚体与纳米羟基磷灰石粉末的混合中间体,然后于催化剂存在下继续反应1~4小时后,加入为所述软段质量0.1~20%、优选为所述软段质量1~10%,更好的是为所述软段质量1~5%的扩链剂继续反应2~6小时后,再于60~130℃、优选为70~120℃条件下熟化至少12小时,得到所述的骨修复材料产物。
本发明将医学中可以接受的荧光性成分,通过在所述的嵌段聚氨酯材料上接枝,形成了带有示踪性荧光基团的可降解材料,具有生物相容性好,双亲性可降解的特点,以及通过对所述软/硬段成分的选择及其比例的调节和/或改变反应条件,可实现对所获得亲水性能及降解速率可控的相应聚氨酯材料,以及通过调节添加纳米羟基磷灰石颗粒含量,可以得到不同力学性能及可调控的骨修复材料,并以力学性能表现最为典型。由于其中荧光性成分的接枝量相对很少,因此其对材料的宏观性能的影响远不如软/硬段、微纳米羟基磷灰石等成分和/或用量比例改变的影响。进一步,通过发泡剂发泡后使嵌段聚氨酯材料/骨修复材料具有较高孔隙率和贯通孔道,有利于新生骨的生长,更适合作为骨修复的组织工程支架材料应用于临床当中。
通过选择不同种类的荧光剂及荧光剂含量的调节,可以实现对荧光发射波段的可控,以及对荧光强度的可控。通过荧光显色,可以方便有效地示踪评价嵌段聚氨酯的降解过程,分析降解机理,考察降解速率对材料力学性能和组织再生重建过程的影响,观测材料在体内降解后新骨的生成速率,追踪降解产物在体内的分布和富集,获得降解材料及其组成结构对组织再生修复的影响机制,提供并极大方便了综合评价嵌段聚氨酯的生物降解性、生物相容性及生物安全性的新手段,具有很好的应用前景。
以下结合附图所示实施例的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。在不脱离本发明上述技术思想情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段做出的各种替换或变更,均应包括在本发明的范围内。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1的具有荧光性的接枝可降解嵌段聚氨酯荧光显微镜照片。
图2是本发明实施例1的具有荧光性的接枝可降解嵌段聚氨酯荧光光谱图。
图3是本发明不同组成形式聚氨酯的力学性能比较。
具体实施方式
实施例 1
将40.0g聚己内酯二醇(PCL)(分子量2000)、16.0g聚乙二醇(PEG)(分子量400)和15.6g蓖麻油(CO)共混加入充满氮气的三口烧瓶中,然后加入52.8g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)(分子量222.28),在70℃下反应0.5h后加入2.4g钙黄绿素混合搅拌2h制备含荧光基团的嵌段聚氨酯预聚体。之后加入4滴(约0.2ml)辛酸亚锡继续搅拌1h,再加入1,4-丁二醇2ml持续反应3h后加入0.2ml水作为发泡剂继续反应0.5h,收样放置在90℃烘箱中熟化干燥48h,得到相应的具有荧光性的接枝可降解嵌段聚氨酯目标产物。该具有荧光性的接枝可降解嵌段聚氨酯荧光显微镜照片、荧光光谱图分别如图1和图2所示。
由图1可见,该荧光聚氨酯具有良好的荧光效应,以蓝光为激发光可观测到绿色荧光。材料本身发泡后具有孔道,为多孔材料。
图2为用荧光分光光度计表征的荧光光谱图。其中a图为不含荧光性成分纯聚氨酯的荧光光谱,其激发波长最大值为320nm,发射波长最大值为385nm,为紫外光区,即纯PU无可见荧光;b图为本发明含荧光性成分(钙黄绿素)聚氨酯的荧光光谱,其激发波长最大值为320nm,发射波长最大值为397nm和541nm,前者为PU本身发射波长,后者为荧光剂特征发射波长,在绿色光区,故在荧光显微镜下可观察到绿色荧光。
实施例 2
将10.0g聚己内酯二醇(PCL)(分子量1000)、12.0g聚乙二醇(PEG)(分子量600)和15.6g蓖麻油(CO)共混加入充满氮气的三口烧瓶中,缓慢加入30wt%(约28.5g)的纳米羟基磷灰石粉末,混合均匀后加入26.4g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)(分子量222.28),在70℃下反应0.5h后加入1.6g钙黄绿素混合搅拌2h制备含荧光基团的嵌段聚氨酯预聚体。之后加入2滴(约0.1ml)三亚乙基二胺继续搅拌1h,再加入1,4-丁二醇2ml持续反应3h后加入0.2ml水作为发泡剂继续反应0.5h,收样放置在110℃烘箱中熟化干燥48h,得到目标嵌段聚氨酯。
实施例 3
将5.0g聚己内酯二醇(PCL)(分子量500)、20.0g聚乙二醇(PEG)(分子量1000)和20.0g蓖麻油(CO)共混加入充满氮气的三口烧瓶中,然后加入26.4g赖氨酸二异氰酸酯(LDI)(分子量226.23),在70℃下反应0.5h后加入1.2g异硫氰酸荧光素混合搅拌2h制备含荧光基团的嵌段聚氨酯预聚体。之后加入2滴(约0.1ml)辛酸亚锡和1滴(约0.05ml)三亚乙基二胺继续搅拌1h,再加入乙二醇2ml持续反应3h后加入0.2ml水作为发泡剂继续反应0.5h,收样放置在90℃烘箱中熟化干燥48h,得到目标嵌段聚氨酯。
实施例 4
将10.0g聚己内酯二醇(PCL)(分子量4000)、40.0g聚乙二醇(PEG)(分子量1000)和23.4g蓖麻油(CO)共混加入充满氮气的三口烧瓶中,然后加入20.0g六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)(分子量168.20),在70℃下反应0.5h后加入2.4g钙黄绿素混合搅拌2h制备含荧光基团的嵌段聚氨酯预聚体。之后加入2滴(约0.1ml)二月桂酸二丁基锡继续搅拌1h,再加入1ml丙三醇持续反应3h后加入0.2ml正戊烷作为发泡剂继续反应0.5h,收样放置在50℃烘箱中熟化干燥48h,得到目标嵌段聚氨酯。
实施例 5
将20.0g聚己内酯二醇(PCL)(分子量3000)、20.0g聚乙二醇(PEG)(分子量1000)和20.0g蓖麻油(CO)共混加入充满氮气的三口烧瓶中,然后加入36.1g4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)(分子量262.35),在70℃下反应0.5h后加入1.2g异硫氰酸荧光素混合搅拌2h制备含荧光基团的嵌段聚氨酯预聚体。之后加入4滴(约0.2ml)二月桂酸二丁基锡继续搅拌1h,再加入1,6-己二醇2ml持续反应3h后加入0.2ml水作为发泡剂继续反应0.5h,收样放置在50℃烘箱中熟化干燥48h,得到目标嵌段聚氨酯。
实施例 6
将20.0g聚己内酯二醇(PCL)(分子量2000)、4.0g聚乙二醇(PEG)(分子量400)共混加入充满氮气的三口烧瓶中,缓慢加入40wt%(约18.4g)的纳米羟基磷灰石粉末,混合均匀后加入13.2g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)(分子量222.28),在70℃下反应0.5h后加入1.2g钙黄绿素混合搅拌2h制备含荧光基团的嵌段聚氨酯预聚体。之后加入4滴(约0.2ml)三亚乙基二胺继续搅拌1h,再加入聚乙二醇400 1ml持续反应3h后加入0.2ml环戊烷作为发泡剂继续反应0.5h,收样放置在50℃烘箱中熟化干燥48h,得到目标嵌段聚氨酯。
实施例 7
将10.0g聚己内酯二醇(PCL)(分子量1000)、6.0g聚乙二醇(PEG)(分子量600)共混加入充满氮气的三口烧瓶中,然后加入13.6g赖氨酸二异氰酸酯(LDI)(分子量226.23),在70℃下反应0.5h后加入1.2g荧光橙红混合搅拌2h制备含荧光基团的嵌段聚氨酯预聚体。之后加入2滴(约0.1ml)氯化亚锡继续搅拌1h,再加入聚乙二醇200 1ml持续反应3h后加入0.1ml水作为发泡剂继续反应0.5h,收样放置在90℃烘箱中熟化干燥48h,得到目标嵌段聚氨酯。
实施例 8
将5.0g聚己内酯二醇(PCL)(分子量500)、10.0g聚乙二醇(PEG)(分子量1000)共混加入充满氮气的三口烧瓶中,然后加入13.2g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)(分子量222.28),在70℃下反应0.5h后加入1.2g荧光黄混合搅拌2h制备含荧光基团的嵌段聚氨酯预聚体。之后加入2滴(约0.1ml)三乙醇胺继续搅拌1h,再加入聚乙二醇800 1ml持续反应3h后加入0.1ml水作为发泡剂继续反应0.5h,收样放置在50℃烘箱中熟化干燥48h,得到目标嵌段聚氨酯。
实施例 9
将19.2g聚乙二醇(PEG)(分子量400)和71.8g蓖麻油(CO)共混加入充满氮气的三口烧瓶中,然后加入63.4g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)(分子量222.28),在70℃下反应0.5h后加入2.4g钙黄绿素混合搅拌2h制备含荧光基团的嵌段聚氨酯预聚体。之后加入2滴(约0.1ml)辛酸亚锡继续搅拌1h,再加入丙三醇1ml持续反应3h后加入0.1ml水作为发泡剂继续反应0.5h,收样放置在50℃烘箱中熟化干燥48h,得到目标嵌段聚氨酯。
实施例 10
将30.0g聚乙二醇(PEG)(分子量1000)和23.4g蓖麻油(CO)共混加入充满氮气的三口烧瓶中,缓慢加入20wt%(约23.25g)的纳米羟基磷灰石粉末,混合均匀后加入39.6g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)(分子量222.28),在70℃下反应0.5h后加入2.4g钙黄绿素混合搅拌2h制备含荧光基团的嵌段聚氨酯预聚体。之后加入2滴(约0.1ml)三亚乙基二胺(DABCO)继续搅拌1h,再加入1ml聚乙二醇(200)持续反应3h后加入0.1ml水作为发泡剂继续反应0.5h,收样放置在50℃烘箱中熟化干燥48h,得到目标嵌段聚氨酯。
实施例 11
将68.0g聚乙二醇(PEG)(分子量2000)和26.5g蓖麻油(CO)共混加入充满氮气的三口烧瓶中,然后加入34.3g六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)(分子量168.20),在70℃下反应0.5h后加入2.4g含双羟基香豆素类衍生物混合搅拌2h制备含荧光基团的嵌段聚氨酯预聚体。之后加入2滴(约0.1ml)二甲基乙醇胺继续搅拌1h,再加入1ml乙二醇持续反应3h后加入0.1ml水作为发泡剂继续反应0.5h,收样放置在50℃烘箱中熟化干燥48h,得到目标嵌段聚氨酯。
实施例 12
将15.6g蓖麻油(CO)共混加入充满氮气的三口烧瓶中,缓慢加入50wt%(约28.8g)的纳米羟基磷灰石粉末,混合均匀后加入13.2g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)(分子量222.28),在70℃下反应0.5h后加入1.2g含双羟基萘类衍生物混合搅拌2h制备含荧光基团的嵌段聚氨酯预聚体。之后加入2滴(约0.1ml)三乙胺继续搅拌1h,再加入1,6-己二醇1ml持续反应3h后加入0.1ml水作为发泡剂继续反应0.5h,收样放置在50℃烘箱中熟化干燥48h,得到目标嵌段聚氨酯。
实施例 13
将10g聚乙二醇(PEG)(分子量2000)和24g改性蓖麻油(ACO)共混加入充满氮气的三口烧瓶中,缓慢加入50wt%(约28.8g)的纳米羟基磷灰石粉末,混合均匀后加入26.4g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)(分子量222.28),在70℃下反应0.5h后加入2.4g钙黄绿素混合搅拌2h制备含荧光基团的嵌段聚氨酯预聚体。之后加入2滴(约0.1ml)三乙胺继续搅拌1h,再加入1,6-己二醇1ml持续反应3h后加入0.1ml水作为发泡剂继续反应0.5h,收样放置在50℃烘箱中熟化干燥48h,得到目标嵌段聚氨酯。
上述实施例1(PCL-PEG-CO)、实施例9(PEG-CO)、实施例10(PEG-CO/DABCO)和实施例13(PEG-ACO+n-HA)不同组成形式产物的力学性能比较如图3所示。图中各材料的荧光素的成分一致,其含量均占总材料质量的2%。由图可见,不同软硬段配比,以及催化剂和纳米磷灰石的加入都会改变材料的抗压强度和弹性模量。实施例1(PCL-PEG-CO)中模量过小无法测出,PCL的添加让材料呈现弹性体状态,适合用于软组织或软骨的修复。实施例8(PEG-CO/DABCO) 和实施例7(PEG-CO)相比,催化剂DABCO的引入使材料的抗压强度和弹性模量都得到大幅提升。实施例11(PEG-ACO+n-HA) 和实施例7(PEG-CO)和相比,改性蓖麻油ACO和纳米羟基磷灰石粒子n-HA的协同作用让支架材料的模量提升更高,此配比的支架材料适用于硬组织的再生修复。
实施例 14
将24g PLA-PEG-PLA嵌段共聚物加入充满氮气的三口烧瓶中,然后加入32.6g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI),在70℃下反应0.5h后加入1.2g钙黄绿素混合搅拌2h制备含荧光基团的嵌段聚氨酯预聚体。之后加入2滴(约0.1ml)三乙醇胺继续搅拌1h,再加入1,4-丁二醇1ml持续反应3h后加入0.4ml异戊烷作为发泡剂继续反应0.5h,收样放置在50℃烘箱中熟化干燥48h,得到目标嵌段聚氨酯。
实施例 15
将20g PLGA-PEG-PLGA嵌段共聚物加入充满氮气的三口烧瓶中,然后加入27.2g赖氨酸二异氰酸酯(LDI)(分子量226.23),在70℃下反应0.5h后加入1.2g钙黄绿素混合搅拌2h制备含荧光基团的嵌段聚氨酯预聚体。之后加入2滴(约0.1ml)二月桂酸二丁基锡继续搅拌1h,再加入蓖麻油1ml持续反应3h后加入0.1ml水作为发泡剂继续反应0.5h,收样放置在50℃烘箱中熟化干燥48h,得到目标嵌段聚氨酯。

Claims (10)

1.具有荧光性的接枝可降解嵌段聚氨酯,由脂肪族二异氰酸酯的硬段与含有羟基的可降解聚合物链段的软段聚合而成,其特征是在所述的聚氨酯结构中接枝有医学中可以接受的荧光性成分,所述硬段中的异氰酸酯基与软段中的羟基的摩尔比为0.5~4:1,优选2~3,所述硬段的脂肪族二异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、赖氨酸二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯中的至少一种,优选异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯;所述软段的可降解的聚合物链段为含有端羟基的聚合物或嵌段共聚物,所述的荧光性成分为荧光素类物质或含有至少两个羟基的荧光发光物质,荧光性成分的质量为所述软段质量的0.1~100%,优选为1~5%。
2.如权利要求1所述的聚氨酯,其特征是所述的荧光性成分接枝在硬段的脂肪族二异氰酸酯结构上。
3.如权利要求1所述的聚氨酯,其特征是所述含有端羟基的聚合物或嵌段共聚物的软段可选择分子量为400~50000的聚乙交酯,聚乳酸,聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物,聚己内酯二醇、聚乙二醇、蓖麻油、改性蓖麻油中的至少一种;优选的是由分子量为500~4000的聚己内酯二醇或聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)与分子量为400~1000的聚乙二醇、以及蓖麻油或改性蓖麻油三种组分以摩尔比1:2:1~1:2:3共聚形成的同时亲水和亲油的两亲性分子链段。
4.如权利要求1所述的聚氨酯,其特征是所述医学中可以接受的荧光素类物质包括钙黄绿素,异硫氰酸荧光素,荧光黄,荧光橙红的至少一种;所述含有至少两个羟基的荧光发光物质可选择含有至少两个羟基的包括萘类衍生物、芘类化合物、香豆素衍生物、吡唑啉衍生物、1,8-萘酰亚胺衍生物、蒽醌衍生物中的至少一种;优选为钙黄绿素。
5.具有荧光性的骨修复材料,其特征是由权利要求1至4之一具有荧光性的接枝可降解嵌段聚氨酯为原料与纳米羟基磷灰石粉末以质量比1:0.1~0.6。
6.权利要求1至4之一具有荧光性的接枝可降解嵌段聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征是在惰性气体保护下,将所述比例量的含有端羟基的聚合物或嵌段共聚物的软段、脂肪族二异氰酸酯的硬段和医学中可以接受的荧光性成分,在40~120℃,优选50~80℃条件下混合反应2~8小时,优选混合反应2~4小时,得到含荧光基团的嵌段聚氨酯预聚体,然后于催化剂存在下继续反应1~4小时后,加入为所述软段质量0.1~20%、优选为所述软段质量1~10%,更好的是为所述软段质量1~5%的扩链剂继续反应2~6小时后,再于60~130℃、优选为70~120℃条件下熟化至少12小时,得到所述嵌段聚氨酯目标产物,所述的催化剂为用量为软段质量0.01~1%,优选为软段质量0.1~0.5%的金属氧化物或叔胺类化合物。
7.如权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征是所述金属氧化物催化剂可选自二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、氯化亚锡的一种;所述叔胺类化合物催化剂可选自三亚乙基二胺、二甲基乙醇胺、三乙胺、三乙醇胺、三亚乙基二胺中的一种,优选的催化剂为辛酸亚锡和/或三亚乙基二胺。
8.如权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征是所述的扩链剂可选自包括1,4-丁二醇、蓖麻油、乙二醇、丙三醇、1,6-己二醇中任一种的小分子多元醇或分子量100~800的聚乙二醇,优选为1,4-丁二醇。
9.如权利要求6至8之一所述的制备方法,其特征是在所述加入扩链剂继续反应2~6h后,加入发泡剂继续反应0.5h,发泡剂可为水或包括环戊烷、正戊烷、异戊烷在内的烷烃化合物,优选的发泡剂为水。
10.权利要求5所述具有荧光性的骨修复材料的制备方法,其特征是在惰性气体保护下,将所述比例量的含有端羟基的聚合物或嵌段共聚物的软段与纳米羟基磷灰石粉末混合后,再与所述比例量的脂肪族二异氰酸酯的硬段混合在40~120℃,优选50~80℃条件下混合反应2~8小时,优选混合反应2~4小时后,加入所述医学中可以接受的荧光性成分原料继续混合反应2~6小时,得到含有荧光基团的嵌段聚氨酯预聚体与纳米羟基磷灰石粉末的混合中间体,然后于催化剂存在下继续反应1~4小时后,加入为所述软段质量0.1~20%、优选为所述软段质量1~10%,更好的是为所述软段质量1~5%的扩链剂继续反应2~6小时后,再于60~130℃、优选为70~120℃条件下熟化至少12小时,得到所述的骨修复材料产物,所述的催化剂为用量为软段质量0.01~1%,优选为软段质量0.1~0.5%的金属氧化物或叔胺类化合物。
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