CN104186421A - Method for goose cultivation in tea-oil forest in half-captive-bred and half-free-ranging manner - Google Patents
Method for goose cultivation in tea-oil forest in half-captive-bred and half-free-ranging manner Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for goose cultivation in a tea-oil forest in a half-captive-bred and half-free-ranging manner and relates to the field of planting and cultivating technologies. The method comprises the following steps: (I) regional division; (II) gaggle allocation; (III) goose cultivation which comprises the following steps: (1) the first free ranging; (2) the first captive breeding; (3) the second free ranging; (4) the second captive breeding; (5) the next morning, the gaggle is driven to a second rotation grazing region for the first free ranging until the gaggle is driven to the last rotation grazing region for free ranging to complete a free-ranging period, and then, the gaggle is driven to the first rotation grazing region to start repeated free ranging. The method has the characteristics of fully utilizing the space and land of the tea-oil forest, combining tea-oil tree planting and gosling cultivation and improving the planting and cultivating economic benefit and the quality of planting and cultivating products and is suitable for the tea-oil forest of the hilly area in the southern China.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to breeding technical field, the foster goose method that particularly second stable breeding of a kind of camellia oleifera lam is partly raised scattered.
Background technology
Oil tea is the distinctive oil plants of China, is also one of important leverage of safeguarding China's grain and oil safety.At present, oil tea, in the plantation of China, is mainly still followed traditional method, thereby the problem that ubiquity grows into forest slowly, management cost is high, benefit is low.Add that environmental pollution, air pollution are on the rise, how to help oil tea plantation industry to extricate oneself from a plight, improve income and the enthusiasm at plantation family, become current grease Experts ' Attention emphasis.
In recent years, the rise of sylvan life aquaculture, has accelerated the utilization ratio of forest tree resource and forest land resource combination, forms the multi-C stereo industrial structure, is to coordinate agricultural development, promotes poor regional economy, the important social connections that the common people get rich.
Chinese patent (number of patent application is 201210211218.2) disclosed " orchard growing forage to feed goose method ", the method is in orchard, to build the meadow of supporting goose for herding, tool has the following advantages and effect: one " garden " is multiplex, saves land resources, the multiple utilization in a piece of land; Ecological benefits are remarkable; Remarkable in economical benefits improves.Chinese patent (number of patent application is 201210211663.9) disclosed " southern mountain efficient ecological is supported goose method " and for example, the method can improve meat goose production efficiency and reduce cultivation land used; This invention realize to support goose scale, intensive in, rest goose industry discarded object science processing and utilizing, realized the foster benign cycle of " goose-muck water-herbage-goose ", reach aquaculture sewage harmless discharge, controlled foster goose industry pollution on the environment.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of space and soil that can make full use of camellia oleifera lam, realize oil tea plantation and the cultivation of meat goose combines, the method for raising breeding economic benefit and breeding product quality.
For achieving the above object, the technical measures that the present invention takes are methods that a kind of camellia oleifera lam lower branch of invention is partly raised goose scattered, and its foster goose process is as follows:
(i), region is divided: the selection gradient is less than the camellia oleifera lam of 15 ° as foster goose base, first camellia oleifera lam is carried out to the whole ground of sparse woods, again by the camellia oleifera lam gross area according to the ratio of 10-12:3-5:0.1-0.3:0.5-1, be divided into grazing district, pasture growing district, Chinese herbal medicine growing area and growing vegetables district, meanwhile, by grazing district Further Division, be ten above wheel pastoral areas;
(ii), gaggle configuration: the ratio of putting 10-20 plumage goose in a suitable place to breed according to every 667 ㎡ camellia oleifera lams, and configure gaggle quantity by the grazing district gross area;
(iii), support goose process:
1., raise scattered for the first time: every morning, 7-8 was during o'clock, put the density of 20-40 plumage by every 667 ㎡ camellia oleifera lams in a suitable place to breed, caught up with first to take turns in pastoral area gaggle, raised scattered for the first time, and the time of raising scattered is 3-4h, then, came back in goose house;
2., stable breeding for the first time: then, the vegetables that the gaggle in goose house is thrown something and fed and planted in the herbage planted in pasture growing district and growing vegetables district, both part by weight are 3-5:0.5-1, carry out stable breeding for the first time, stable breeding time 2-3h;
3., raise scattered for the second time: again catch up with first to take turns in pastoral area gaggle afternoon, raises scattered for the second time, and the time of raising scattered is 2-3h, then, comes back in goose house;
4., stable breeding for the second time: the vegetables that the gaggle in goose house is thrown something and fed and planted in the Chinese herbal medicine of planting in the herbage planted in pasture growing district and Chinese herbal medicine growing area and growing vegetables district, part by weight between three is 3-5:0.1-0.3:0.5-1, carry out stable breeding for the second time, the time is to the next morning;
5., the next morning, according to identical density, by gaggle catch up with second wheel pastoral area in, raise scattered for the first time; The rest may be inferred, until the wheel pastoral area of last is raised scattered, completes once and raise scattered the cycle, then from first, take turns pastoral area and start to repeat to raise scattered;
6. the ight soil, in goose house, after treatment, as the fertilizer in grazing district, pasture growing district, Chinese herbal medicine district and growing vegetables district.
In described wheel pastoral area:
The one, at camellia oleifera lam, in the ranks in vacant lot, build the pond of wide 0.8-1.2m, dark 0.5-0.8m, long 2-10m, the edge in pond is domatic, puts duckweed in pond in a suitable place to breed; The gross area in pond is 0.1-0.3:0.7-0.9 with the ratio of the area in wheel pastoral area;
The 2nd, residue oil tea forest land, through cultivating after multiple and fertilising, is planted to resistance to trample, regeneration power are strong, resistance to herds strong herbage, as Paspalum wettsteinii or Bai Sanye or both miscegenations; When both miscegenations, the cultivated area ratio of its each kind is equal portions or other ratio.
In described pasture growing district, its oil tea forest land, through cultivating after multiple and fertilising, is planted and is implanted with hybrid Chinese pennisetum or witloof or both miscegenations; When both miscegenations, the cultivated area ratio of its each kind is equal portions or other ratio.
In described Chinese herbal medicine growing area, its oil tea forest land, through cultivating after multiple and fertilising, is planted and is implanted with dandelion, honeysuckle, mother chrysanthemum, garlic, Asiatic plantain, folium isatidis, kitchen garden, and the cultivated area ratio of its each kind is equal portions or other ratio.
In described growing vegetables district, its oil tea forest land, through cultivating after multiple and fertilising, is planted and is implanted with Chinese cabbage, a variety of Chinese cabbage, ternip, carrot, asparagus lettuce, spinach, beet, and the cultivated area ratio of its each kind is equal portions or other ratio.
The described plantation of taking turns pastoral area and pasture growing district is as follows:
A, whole ground: weeds are removed in the oil tea forest land in wheel pastoral area and pasture growing district, and according to forest land trend, excavation drain ditch;
B, fertilising: by the composite soil being mixed by the part by weight of 10-18:1.5:1 by soil nutrient agent, biological organic fertilizer, timbered soil, according to the consumption of 200-260kg/667 ㎡, evenly discharge in the bottom in oil tea forest land, then soil is cultivated again, keep 1-3 month;
C, sterilizing: ash, tea cake powder and water are mixed by the part by weight of 4:6-7:1, and spread to soil table in the ratio of 2-3kg/ ㎡, process 5-10 days; By the thin leveling of forest land rake, become herbage forest land to be sowed again;
D, plantation: according to normal method planting forage grass;
Described soil nutrient agent is that the raw material by following weight portion is prepared from:
The straw 10-20 edible fungi leftovers 20-35 goose excrement 20-30 that becomes thoroughly decomposed
Melon and fruit 3-7 rape 4-6 green foxtail 4-6 rots
Zinc sulphate 0.1-0.5 iron sulfate 0.05-0.2 ammonium chloride 1-1.5
Magnesium phosphate 0.01-0.2;
Its preparation process is:
1., pretreatment of raw material:
A, straw pretreatment: first straw water is sprayed to water content be 8-15%, then stacked into highly for 0.5-1.2m grass is cut, compacting, processes 15-30 days; Then, under the sun, dry surface, and be cut into the long straw bar of 5-8cm, standby;
B, edible fungi leftovers are processed: edible fungi leftovers dried to moisture≤8% at 40-50 ℃, then be ground into 150-180 object edible fungi leftovers powder, and standby;
C, the melon and fruit pretreatment of rotting: band pachydermia class melon and fruit is processed into the melon and fruit slurry that rots, standby;
D, rape pretreatment: by fresh rape, except deflorating and seed, remaining part is processed through juice extractor, collect rape filter residue, standby;
E, green foxtail pretreatment: fresh green foxtail is dried to moisture≤8%, then is cut into the long green foxtail bar of 5-8cm, standby;
2., preparation: first standby straw bar, edible fungi leftovers powder, the goose excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the melon and fruit slurry that rots, rape filter residue, green foxtail bar are dropped in tank together, stir evenly; Then, it is 10-18% that water regulates humidity of materials, and stewing 26-40h, then adds standby zinc sulphate, iron sulfate, ammonium chloride, magnesium phosphate wherein at normal temperatures, mixes, and becomes soil nutrient agent.
The plantation of described Chinese herbal medicine growing area is as follows:
A, weeding: weeds are removed in the oil tea forest land in Chinese herbal medicine growing area;
B, whole ground: fertilizer synergist and thin river sand are pressed to the part by weight of 7-9:1, be mixed into soil fertilizer synergist, then spread to soil table in the ratio of 600-850kg/667 ㎡, and water waters wet soil table, processing 15-28 days; Then, the woods soil of turning over, is overlying on bottom by table soil, then soil fertilizer synergist is spread to soil table in the ratio of 150-250kg/667 ㎡, and also water waters, and processes 15-20 days; The thin leveling of rake woods soil, is organized into the furrow of row spacing 40-70cm, the high 20-35cm in ridge, the long 6-7.5m in ridge, and plays the ridge in growing area surrounding, and the high 6-15cm above ground level in the ridge establishes water inlet, enters Fei Kou, water drainage mouth, offers and be convenient to the mobile shallow ridges of rich water between each ridge;
C, dig cave: on furrow, dig the kind plant hole of dark 15-24cm, long 6-10cm, wide 5-12cm, the spacing of controlling kind of plant hole is that 40-50cm, line-spacing are 20-28cm;
D, transplanting: by annual, without damage by disease and insect, have 1-2 tender axillalry bud, eugonic Chinese herbal medicine seedling, by 1/dibbling, enter in kind of plant hole together with roots and soil, its with native weight be Chinese herbal medicine seedling weight 1-1.5 doubly, then fill out fine earth compression, having peace of mind, irrigate normal root water, then manage according to a conventional method;
Described fertilizer synergist is that the raw material by following weight portion is prepared from:
The weeds 12-15 vegetables 10-20 stalk 5-8 that rots
Rabbit excrement 25-35 microbial bacteria 1.5-3.5 people urinates 5-8
Reed rhizome 2-5 microbial organic fertilizer 15-25;
Described microbial bacteria comprises one or more in azotobacter, solution potassium phosphorus bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, rhizobium, Lactococcus lactis, when being two or more, the ratio of each component is equal portions or other ratio;
Its preparation process is:
1., pretreatment of raw material:
A, weeds pretreatment: fresh weeds are placed on to moist dark place, and the grass that is piled into high 20-35cm is cut, 15-25 days is processed in compacting, becomes and processes weeds, standby;
B, stalk pretreatment: stalk is lain in to moist dark place, process 6-9 days, be then cut into the long stalk bar of 5-8cm, standby;
C, the vegetables pretreatment of rotting: vegetables are smashed to pieces, become the vegetables of rotting, standby;
D, reed rhizome pretreatment: fresh reed rhizome is put into water, at 60-70 ℃, boil water in solid content while being 0.12-0.22mg/ml, pull reed rhizome out; Then at 60-70 ℃, reed rhizome is dried to moisture≤10%, then be cut into the long reed rhizome bar of 5-8cm, standby;
2., preparation: first rabbit excrement, people's urine, microbial bacteria, the vegetables of rotting, processing weeds are dropped in fermentation vat together, stirred evenly, process 1-2.5 month at 25-35 ℃ of lower seal; Again stalk bar, reed rhizome bar are added wherein, add the sanitary wastewater equal with the former weight of reed rhizome simultaneously, stir evenly, at 35-40 ℃, process 25-40 days, become the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, then, itself and microbial organic fertilizer is mixed, become fertilizer synergist.
The plantation in described growing vegetables district is as follows:
A, whole ground: weeds are removed in the oil tea forest land in growing vegetables district;
B, fertilising: the goose excrement becoming thoroughly decomposed is diluted with water to the compound that weight concentration is 45-67%, and is sprinkled in soil in the ratio of 260-320kg/667 ㎡, process 5-6 days; Then, rake is thin, the woods soil of turning over, and table soil is overlying on to bottom; Again the fertilizer of being made by colza cake is applied to Lin Tuzhong in the ratio of 40-60kg/667 ㎡, water waters, and processes 3-5 days; Then the thin leveling of rake, becomes vegetables woods soil to be planted;
C, ridging: in the middle of camellia oleifera lam line-spacing, by the woods soil after fertilising, be organized into the furrow of row spacing 30-55cm, the high 10-15cm in ridge, the long 4.5-7.5m in ridge, standby;
D, dig cave: on furrow, dig the kind plant hole of dark 8-18cm, wide 4-7cm, the spacing of controlling kind of plant hole is that 20-30cm, line-spacing are 20-28cm, standby;
E, select seedling: select without damage by disease and insect, eugonic vegetable seedling, standby;
F, transplanting: vegetable seedling is implanted in kind of plant hole in the ratio of 1-3/kind of plant hole with roots and soil together, wherein with native weight be the weight of seedling own 1.5-2.5 doubly; Then earthing compacting, then the aqueous solution of urea that is 5.5-7.5% by weight concentration waters wet soil table in the ratio of 15-20ml/ kind plant hole; Thereafter, according to normal method for growing vegetables management.
The foster goose method that second stable breeding of camellia oleifera lam of the present invention is partly raised scattered, adopts camellia oleifera lam is divided into a plurality of pastoral area and multiple feed growing areas of taking turns, and the mode of carry out half stable breeding, partly raising scattered, is fully used the space of camellia oleifera lam and soil.In feeding process, while raising scattered, utilize good forage and the pond and the duckweed of putting in a suitable place to breed of under the camellia oleifera lam of wheel pastoral area, planting, make goose obtain enough motions and feed a part; During stable breeding, utilize the various functional feeds of multiple feed growing area plantation, both guaranteed the feed supply of goose, the disease that has reduced again goose occurs, and the damage by disease and insect that has also reduced camellia oleifera lam occurs, and then, greatly reduce the use of medicine, improved the quality of oil tea and goose.Simultaneously, the plant of oil tea underwood planting both provisions goose provides natural feed, also indirectly loosened sylvan life soil and saved bit by bit nutrient, soil is more easily absorbed, the excreta of goose is also for forest land provides good nutrient, particularly through the ight soil of fermentation process, organic abundant especially, can reduce discharging of bio-fertilizer or chemical fertilizer.Therefore, greatly improved the economic benefit of oil tea plantation and the cultivation of meat goose.
Following table is the application test data of second stable breeding of camellia oleifera lam of the present invention foster goose method of partly raising scattered:
(note: the camellia oleifera lam of this test is adult wood, the kind of goose is state ash goose, is that goose is young during raising, feeding period is three seasons of spring and summer autumn)
From upper table content, can find out, the rate of animals delivered to the slaughter-house of gaggle reaches 97.1%, and average every weight of delivering goose for sale reaches 4.7kg, every 667 ㎡ oil tea forest products tea oil 27.6kg.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.Explanation is below the mode exemplifying, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
Camellia oleifera lam lower branch of the present invention is partly raised the method for goose scattered, and its foster goose process is as follows:
(i), region is divided: the selection gradient is less than the camellia oleifera lam of 15 ° as foster goose base, first camellia oleifera lam is carried out to the whole ground of sparse woods, again by the camellia oleifera lam gross area according to the ratio of 11:4:0.2:0.8, be divided into grazing district, pasture growing district, Chinese herbal medicine growing area and growing vegetables district, meanwhile, by grazing district Further Division, be ten wheel pastoral areas; Goose house is built the vacant lot at camellia oleifera lam edge;
(ii), gaggle configuration: the ratio of putting 15 plumage geese in a suitable place to breed according to every 667 ㎡ camellia oleifera lams, and configure gaggle quantity by the grazing district gross area;
(iii), the situation of each functional areas:
1., in wheel pastoral area: in the ranks in vacant lot, build the pond of wide 1m, dark 0.6m, long 5m at camellia oleifera lam, the edge in pond is domatic, puts duckweed in pond in a suitable place to breed; The gross area in pond is 0.2:0.8 with the ratio of the area in wheel pastoral area.
2., in wheel pastoral area and pasture growing district, its plantation is as follows:
A, whole ground: weeds are removed in the oil tea forest land in wheel pastoral area and pasture growing district, and according to forest land trend, excavation drain ditch;
B, fertilising: by the composite soil being mixed by the part by weight of 15:1.5:1 by soil nutrient agent, biological organic fertilizer (commercially available), timbered soil, according to the consumption of 230kg/667 ㎡, evenly discharge in the bottom in oil tea forest land, then soil is cultivated again, keep 1-3 month;
Above-mentioned soil nutrient agent is to be prepared from by 0. part of 5 parts of 30 parts of 15 parts of the straw of weight portion, edible fungi leftovers (the later waste material of plantation edible mushroom), 25 parts, the goose excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the melon and fruit that rots (that comprised or rotten, with the melon and fruit of pachydermia class, as orange, banana, mango, pumpkin, watermelon etc.), 5 parts of rapes, 5 parts of green foxtail, 0.3 part, zinc sulphate, 0.1 part, iron sulfate, 1.2 parts of ammonium chlorides, magnesium phosphate;
Its preparation process is:
A, pretreatment of raw material:
straw pretreatment: first straw water is sprayed to water content be 12%, then stacked into highly for the grass of 1m is cut, compacting, processes 25 days; Then, under the sun, dry surface, and be cut into the long straw bar of 6cm, standby;
edible fungi leftovers is processed: edible fungi leftovers dried to moisture≤8% at 45 ℃, then is ground into 160 object edible fungi leftovers powder, and standby;
rotten melon and fruit pretreatment: band pachydermia class melon and fruit is processed into the melon and fruit slurry that rots with beater, standby;
rape pretreatment: except deflorating and seed, remaining part is processed through juice extractor by fresh rape, collects rape filter residue, standby;
green foxtail pretreatment: fresh green foxtail is dried to moisture≤8%, then is cut into the long green foxtail bar of 6cm, standby;
B, preparation: first standby straw bar, edible fungi leftovers powder, the goose excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the melon and fruit slurry that rots, rape filter residue, green foxtail bar are dropped in tank together, stir evenly; Then, it is 15% that water regulates humidity of materials, and stewing 35h, then adds standby zinc sulphate, iron sulfate, ammonium chloride, magnesium phosphate wherein at normal temperatures, mixes, and becomes soil nutrient agent;
C, sterilizing: ash (straw or straw), tea cake powder (oil cake after tea seed oil expression is pulverized and formed) and water are mixed by the part by weight of 4:6:1, and spread to soil table in the ratio of 2.5kg/ ㎡, process 8 days; By the thin leveling of forest land rake, become herbage forest land to be sowed again;
D, plantation:
A, wheel pastoral area in: according to normal method, and plant respectively Paspalum wettsteinii and two kinds of herbages of white three leaf by homalographic;
B, in pasture growing district: according to normal method, and plant respectively hybrid Chinese pennisetum and two kinds of herbages of witloof by homalographic.
3., in Chinese herbal medicine growing area, its plantation is as follows:
A, weeding: weeds are removed in the oil tea forest land in Chinese herbal medicine growing area;
B, whole ground: fertilizer synergist and thin river sand are pressed to the part by weight of 8:1, be mixed into soil fertilizer synergist, then spread to soil table in the ratio of 750kg/667 ㎡, and water waters wet soil table, process 25 days; Then, the woods soil of turning over, is overlying on bottom by table soil, then soil fertilizer synergist is spread to soil table in the ratio of 200kg/667 ㎡, and also water waters, and processes 18 days; The thin leveling of rake woods soil, is organized into the furrow of row spacing 60cm, the high 30cm in ridge, the long 7m in ridge, and plays the ridge in growing area surrounding, and the high 10cm above ground level in the ridge establishes water inlet, enters Fei Kou, water drainage mouth, offers and be convenient to the mobile shallow ridges of rich water between each ridge;
Its fertilizer synergist be by 15 parts, 13 parts, the weeds of weight portion, the vegetables of rotting (good or rotten leaf class or melon-fruit-like vegetable, or account for each half), 6 parts of stalks (straw or straw), 30 parts, rabbit excrement, microbial bacteria (comprise equal portions azotobacter, separate potassium phosphorus bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, rhizobium, Lactococcus lactis) 2.5 parts, people urinate 6 parts, 4 parts of reed rhizomes, 20 parts of microbial organic fertilizers (selling on the market);
Its preparation process is:
A, pretreatment of raw material:
weeds pretreatment: fresh weeds are placed on to moist dark place, and the grass that is piled into high 30cm is cut, and compacting is processed 20 days, becomes and processes weeds, standby;
stalk pretreatment: stalk is lain in to moist dark place, process 8 days, be then cut into the long stalk bar of 6cm, standby;
rotten vegetables pretreatment: vegetables are smashed to pieces, become the vegetables of rotting, standby;
reed rhizome pretreatment: fresh reed rhizome is put into water, at 65 ℃, boil water in solid content while being 0.18mg/ml, pull reed rhizome out; Then at 65 ℃, reed rhizome is dried to moisture≤10%, then be cut into the long reed rhizome bar of 6cm, standby;
B, preparation: first rabbit excrement, people's urine, microbial bacteria, the vegetables of rotting, processing weeds are dropped in fermentation vat together, stirred evenly, at 30 ℃ of lower seals, process 2 months; Again stalk bar, reed rhizome bar are added wherein, add the sanitary wastewater equal with the former weight of reed rhizome simultaneously, stir evenly, at 38 ℃, process 35 days, become the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, then, itself and microbial organic fertilizer is mixed, become fertilizer synergist.
C, dig cave: on furrow, dig the kind plant hole of dark 20cm, long 8cm, wide 8cm, the spacing of controlling kind of plant hole is that 45cm, line-spacing are 25cm;
D, transplanting: by annual, without damage by disease and insect, have 1-2 tender axillalry bud, eugonic dandelion, honeysuckle, mother chrysanthemum, garlic, Asiatic plantain, folium isatidis, kitchen garden seedling, by 1/dibbling, enter (cultivated area of various Chinese herbal medicines equates) in kind of plant hole together with roots and soil, its with native weight, be 1.2 times of Chinese herbal medicine seedling weight, then fill out fine earth compression, having peace of mind, irrigate normal root water, then manage according to a conventional method.
4., in growing vegetables district, its plantation is as follows:
A, whole ground: weeds are removed in the oil tea forest land in growing vegetables district;
B, fertilising: it is 55% compound that the goose excrement becoming thoroughly decomposed is diluted with water to weight concentration, and is sprinkled in soil in the ratio of 300kg/667 ㎡, processes 6 days; Then, rake is thin, the woods soil of turning over, and table soil is overlying on to bottom; Again the fertilizer of being made by colza cake is applied to Lin Tuzhong in the ratio of 50kg/667 ㎡, water waters, and processes 4 days; Then the thin leveling of rake, becomes vegetables woods soil to be planted;
C, ridging: in the middle of camellia oleifera lam line-spacing, by the woods soil after fertilising, be organized into the furrow of row spacing 45cm, the high 12cm in ridge, the long 6m in ridge, standby;
D, dig cave: on furrow, dig the kind plant hole of dark 15cm, wide 5cm, the spacing of controlling kind of plant hole is that 25cm, line-spacing are 25cm, standby;
E, select seedling: select without damage by disease and insect, eugonic Chinese cabbage, a variety of Chinese cabbage, ternip, carrot, asparagus lettuce, spinach, beet seedling, standby;
F, transplanting: vegetable seedling is implanted in kind of plant hole in the ratio of 2/kind of plant holes with roots and soil together, wherein with native weight, be 2 times of the own weight of seedling; Then earthing compacting, then the aqueous solution of urea that is 6.5% by weight concentration waters wet soil table in the ratio of 18ml/ kind plant hole; Thereafter, according to normal method for growing vegetables management.
(iv), support goose process:
1., raise scattered for the first time: every morning, 7-8 was during o'clock, put the density of 30 plumages by every 667 ㎡ camellia oleifera lams in a suitable place to breed, caught up with first to take turns in pastoral area gaggle, raised scattered for the first time, and the time of raising scattered is 3-4h, then, came back in goose house;
2., stable breeding for the first time: then, the vegetables that the gaggle in goose house is thrown something and fed and planted in the herbage planted in pasture growing district and growing vegetables district, both part by weight are 4:0.8, carry out stable breeding for the first time, stable breeding time 2-3h;
3., raise scattered for the second time: again catch up with first to take turns in pastoral area gaggle afternoon, raises scattered for the second time, and the time of raising scattered is 2-3h, then, comes back in goose house;
4., stable breeding for the second time: the vegetables that the gaggle in goose house is thrown something and fed and planted in the Chinese herbal medicine of planting in the herbage planted in pasture growing district and Chinese herbal medicine growing area and growing vegetables district, part by weight between three is 4:0.2:0.8, carry out stable breeding for the second time, the time is to the next morning;
5., the next morning, according to identical density, by gaggle catch up with second wheel pastoral area in, raise scattered for the first time; The rest may be inferred, until the wheel pastoral area of last is raised scattered, completes once and raise scattered the cycle, then from first, take turns pastoral area and start to repeat to raise scattered;
Raise scattered every day for twice, although be all one wheel pastoral area in and breeding density also larger, but, because the time of raising scattered is shorter, the middle stable breeding for the first time that is provided with the long period in addition, allow goose obtain comparatively sufficient forage feed, thereby each takes turns the herbage in pastoral area, can be not destroyed, therefore foster through not living of ten days (or more than), each herbage of taking turns in pastoral area can be restored.
6. the ight soil, in goose house, after treatment, as the fertilizer in grazing district, pasture growing district, Chinese herbal medicine district and growing vegetables district.
The foster goose method that second stable breeding of camellia oleifera lam of the present invention is partly raised scattered, the camellia oleifera lam in applicable southern hills area.
Claims (8)
1. the foster goose method that second stable breeding of camellia oleifera lam is partly raised scattered, is characterized in that foster goose process is as follows:
(i), region is divided: the selection gradient is less than the camellia oleifera lam of 15 ° as foster goose base, first camellia oleifera lam is carried out to the whole ground of sparse woods, again by the camellia oleifera lam gross area according to the ratio of 10-12:3-5:0.1-0.3:0.5-1, be divided into grazing district, pasture growing district, Chinese herbal medicine growing area and growing vegetables district, meanwhile, by grazing district Further Division, be ten above wheel pastoral areas;
(ii), gaggle configuration: the ratio of putting 10-20 plumage goose in a suitable place to breed according to every 667 ㎡ camellia oleifera lams, and configure gaggle quantity by the grazing district gross area;
(iii), support goose process:
1., raise scattered for the first time: every morning, 7-8 was during o'clock, put the density of 20-40 plumage by every 667 ㎡ camellia oleifera lams in a suitable place to breed, caught up with first to take turns in pastoral area gaggle, raised scattered for the first time, and the time of raising scattered is 3-4h, then, came back in goose house;
2., stable breeding for the first time: then, the vegetables that the gaggle in goose house is thrown something and fed and planted in the herbage planted in pasture growing district and growing vegetables district, both part by weight are 3-5:0.5-1, carry out stable breeding for the first time, stable breeding time 2-3h;
3., raise scattered for the second time: again catch up with first to take turns in pastoral area gaggle afternoon, raises scattered for the second time, and the time of raising scattered is 2-3h, then, comes back in goose house;
4., stable breeding for the second time: the vegetables that the gaggle in goose house is thrown something and fed and planted in the Chinese herbal medicine of planting in the herbage planted in pasture growing district and Chinese herbal medicine growing area and growing vegetables district, part by weight between three is 3-5:0.1-0.3:0.5-1, carry out stable breeding for the second time, the time is to the next morning;
5., the next morning, according to identical density, by gaggle catch up with second wheel pastoral area in, raise scattered for the first time; The rest may be inferred, until the wheel pastoral area of last is raised scattered, completes once and raise scattered the cycle, then from first, take turns pastoral area and start to repeat to raise scattered;
6. the ight soil, in goose house, after treatment, as the fertilizer in grazing district, pasture growing district, Chinese herbal medicine district and growing vegetables district.
2. the foster goose method that second stable breeding of camellia oleifera lam is partly raised scattered according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described wheel pastoral area:
The one, at camellia oleifera lam, in the ranks in vacant lot, build the pond of wide 0.8-1.2m, dark 0.5-0.8m, long 2-10m, the edge in pond is domatic, puts duckweed in pond in a suitable place to breed; The gross area in pond is 0.1-0.3:0.7-0.9 with the ratio of the area in wheel pastoral area;
The 2nd, residue oil tea forest land, through cultivating after multiple and fertilising, is planted to resistance to trample, regeneration power are strong, resistance to herds strong herbage, as Paspalum wettsteinii or Bai Sanye or both miscegenations; When both miscegenations, the cultivated area ratio of its each kind is equal portions or other ratio.
3. the foster goose method that second stable breeding of camellia oleifera lam is partly raised scattered according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in described pasture growing district, its oil tea forest land, through cultivating after multiple and fertilising, is planted and is implanted with hybrid Chinese pennisetum or witloof or both miscegenations; When both miscegenations, the cultivated area ratio of its each kind is equal portions or other ratio.
4. the foster goose method that second stable breeding of camellia oleifera lam is partly raised scattered according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in described Chinese herbal medicine growing area, its oil tea forest land is through cultivating after multiple and fertilising, plant and be implanted with dandelion, honeysuckle, mother chrysanthemum, garlic, Asiatic plantain, folium isatidis, kitchen garden, the cultivated area ratio of its each kind is equal portions or other ratio.
5. the foster goose method that second stable breeding of camellia oleifera lam is partly raised scattered according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: in described growing vegetables district, its oil tea forest land is through cultivating after multiple and fertilising, plant and be implanted with Chinese cabbage, a variety of Chinese cabbage, ternip, carrot, asparagus lettuce, spinach, beet, the cultivated area ratio of its each kind is equal portions or other ratio.
6. the foster goose method that second stable breeding is partly raised scattered according to camellia oleifera lam described in claim 2 or 3, is characterized in that, the described plantation of taking turns pastoral area and pasture growing district is as follows:
A, whole ground: weeds are removed in the oil tea forest land in wheel pastoral area and pasture growing district, and according to forest land trend, excavation drain ditch;
B, fertilising: by the composite soil being mixed by the part by weight of 10-18:1.5:1 by soil nutrient agent, biological organic fertilizer, timbered soil, according to the consumption of 200-260kg/667 ㎡, evenly discharge in the bottom in oil tea forest land, then soil is cultivated again, keep 1-3 month;
C, sterilizing: ash, tea cake powder and water are mixed by the part by weight of 4:6-7:1, and spread to soil table in the ratio of 2-3kg/ ㎡, process 5-10 days; By the thin leveling of forest land rake, become herbage forest land to be sowed again;
D, plantation: according to normal method planting forage grass;
Described soil nutrient agent is that the raw material by following weight portion is prepared from:
The straw 10-20 edible fungi leftovers 20-35 goose excrement 20-30 that becomes thoroughly decomposed
Melon and fruit 3-7 rape 4-6 green foxtail 4-6 rots
Zinc sulphate 0.1-0.5 iron sulfate 0.05-0.2 ammonium chloride 1-1.5
Magnesium phosphate 0.01-0.2;
Its preparation process is:
1., pretreatment of raw material:
A, straw pretreatment: first straw water is sprayed to water content be 8-15%, then stacked into highly for 0.5-1.2m grass is cut, compacting, processes 15-30 days; Then, under the sun, dry surface, and be cut into the long straw bar of 5-8cm, standby;
B, edible fungi leftovers are processed: edible fungi leftovers dried to moisture≤8% at 40-50 ℃, then be ground into 150-180 object edible fungi leftovers powder, and standby;
C, the melon and fruit pretreatment of rotting: band pachydermia class melon and fruit is processed into the melon and fruit slurry that rots, standby;
D, rape pretreatment: by fresh rape, except deflorating and seed, remaining part is processed through juice extractor, collect rape filter residue, standby;
E, green foxtail pretreatment: fresh green foxtail is dried to moisture≤8%, then is cut into the long green foxtail bar of 5-8cm, standby;
2., preparation: first standby straw bar, edible fungi leftovers powder, the goose excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the melon and fruit slurry that rots, rape filter residue, green foxtail bar are dropped in tank together, stir evenly; Then, it is 10-18% that water regulates humidity of materials, and stewing 26-40h, then adds standby zinc sulphate, iron sulfate, ammonium chloride, magnesium phosphate wherein at normal temperatures, mixes, and becomes soil nutrient agent.
7. the foster goose method that second stable breeding of camellia oleifera lam is partly raised scattered according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the plantation of described Chinese herbal medicine growing area is as follows:
A, weeding: weeds are removed in the oil tea forest land in Chinese herbal medicine growing area;
B, whole ground: fertilizer synergist and thin river sand are pressed to the part by weight of 7-9:1, be mixed into soil fertilizer synergist, then spread to soil table in the ratio of 600-850kg/667 ㎡, and water waters wet soil table, processing 15-28 days; Then, the woods soil of turning over, is overlying on bottom by table soil, then soil fertilizer synergist is spread to soil table in the ratio of 150-250kg/667 ㎡, and also water waters, and processes 15-20 days; The thin leveling of rake woods soil, is organized into the furrow of row spacing 40-70cm, the high 20-35cm in ridge, the long 6-7.5m in ridge, and plays the ridge in growing area surrounding, and the high 6-15cm above ground level in the ridge establishes water inlet, enters Fei Kou, water drainage mouth, offers and be convenient to the mobile shallow ridges of rich water between each ridge;
C, dig cave: on furrow, dig the kind plant hole of dark 15-24cm, long 6-10cm, wide 5-12cm, the spacing of controlling kind of plant hole is that 40-50cm, line-spacing are 20-28cm;
D, transplanting: by annual, without damage by disease and insect, have 1-2 tender axillalry bud, eugonic Chinese herbal medicine seedling, by 1/dibbling, enter in kind of plant hole together with roots and soil, its with native weight be Chinese herbal medicine seedling weight 1-1.5 doubly, then fill out fine earth compression, having peace of mind, irrigate normal root water, then manage according to a conventional method;
Described fertilizer synergist is that the raw material by following weight portion is prepared from:
The weeds 12-15 vegetables 10-20 stalk 5-8 that rots
Rabbit excrement 25-35 microbial bacteria 1.5-3.5 people urinates 5-8
Reed rhizome 2-5 microbial organic fertilizer 15-25;
Described microbial bacteria comprises one or more in azotobacter, solution potassium phosphorus bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, rhizobium, Lactococcus lactis, when being two or more, the ratio of each component is equal portions or other ratio;
Its preparation process is:
1., pretreatment of raw material:
A, weeds pretreatment: fresh weeds are placed on to moist dark place, and the grass that is piled into high 20-35cm is cut, 15-25 days is processed in compacting, becomes and processes weeds, standby;
B, stalk pretreatment: stalk is lain in to moist dark place, process 6-9 days, be then cut into the long stalk bar of 5-8cm, standby;
C, the vegetables pretreatment of rotting: vegetables are smashed to pieces, become the vegetables of rotting, standby;
D, reed rhizome pretreatment: fresh reed rhizome is put into water, at 60-70 ℃, boil water in solid content while being 0.12-0.22mg/ml, pull reed rhizome out; Then at 60-70 ℃, reed rhizome is dried to moisture≤10%, then be cut into the long reed rhizome bar of 5-8cm, standby;
2., preparation: first rabbit excrement, people's urine, microbial bacteria, the vegetables of rotting, processing weeds are dropped in fermentation vat together, stirred evenly, process 1-2.5 month at 25-35 ℃ of lower seal; Again stalk bar, reed rhizome bar are added wherein, add the sanitary wastewater equal with the former weight of reed rhizome simultaneously, stir evenly, at 35-40 ℃, process 25-40 days, become the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, then, itself and microbial organic fertilizer is mixed, become fertilizer synergist.
8. the foster goose method that second stable breeding of camellia oleifera lam is partly raised scattered according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the plantation in described growing vegetables district is as follows:
A, whole ground: weeds are removed in the oil tea forest land in growing vegetables district;
B, fertilising: the goose excrement becoming thoroughly decomposed is diluted with water to the compound that weight concentration is 45-67%, and is sprinkled in soil in the ratio of 260-320kg/667 ㎡, process 5-6 days; Then, rake is thin, the woods soil of turning over, and table soil is overlying on to bottom; Again the fertilizer of being made by colza cake is applied to Lin Tuzhong in the ratio of 40-60kg/667 ㎡, water waters, and processes 3-5 days; Then the thin leveling of rake, becomes vegetables woods soil to be planted;
C, ridging: in the middle of camellia oleifera lam line-spacing, by the woods soil after fertilising, be organized into the furrow of row spacing 30-55cm, the high 10-15cm in ridge, the long 4.5-7.5m in ridge, standby;
D, dig cave: on furrow, dig the kind plant hole of dark 8-18cm, wide 4-7cm, the spacing of controlling kind of plant hole is that 20-30cm, line-spacing are 20-28cm, standby;
E, select seedling: select without damage by disease and insect, eugonic vegetable seedling, standby;
F, transplanting: vegetable seedling is implanted in kind of plant hole in the ratio of 1-3/kind of plant hole with roots and soil together, wherein with native weight be the weight of seedling own 1.5-2.5 doubly; Then earthing compacting, then the aqueous solution of urea that is 5.5-7.5% by weight concentration waters wet soil table in the ratio of 15-20ml/ kind plant hole; Thereafter, according to normal method for growing vegetables management.
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| 高双稳: "林下养鹅技术", 《新农业》 * |
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| CN108157292A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-06-15 | 内蒙古和盛生态育林有限公司 | One elite stand-grass-goose ecological cultivation method |
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| CN109526871B (en) * | 2019-01-03 | 2023-10-20 | 彭阳县益斌园农畜综合开发有限责任公司 | Method for mixed raising of chickens and ducks by using alternate raising farms |
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