CN103988717A - Grafting method for cultivating single-branch strong seedling through pyrus betulaefolia large stock - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a grafting method for cultivating a single-branch strong seedling through a pyrus betulaefolia large stock. In a planned pear garden, the pyrus betulaefolia large stock is selected, after soil unfreezing, planting is carried out, then grafting during a stock germination stage is carried out, and after grafting, a grafting body is effectively protected. After a seedling survives, field matching management measures are enhanced, and the single-branch strong seedling can be cultivated in autumn. The grafting method has a key effect on cultivating of a pear garden long, thin and narrow crown tree shape in a labor-saving, efficient and modern cultivating mode and early-stage fruiting and high yield.

Description

A kind of large stock of birch-leaf pear that utilizes is cultivated the grafting method in capable and experienced strong sprout

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of grafting method that utilizes large birchleaf pear rootstock to cultivate capable and experienced strong sprout.

Background technology

Pear tree ( pyrus spp.) be the traditional advantage fruit tree of China, area and gross yield all rank first in the world.Yet, produce at present and but have result evening, yield poorly, poor quality, the problem such as labour cost is high, theatre effectiveness of operation is low.Therefore, change pear tree cultivation mode, reduce labour cost, improve theatre economic benefit, for keeping, health and the sustainable development of China's pears industry are significant.

China's pears were grown seedlings and mainly in nursery, were carried out in the past, and the thinner stock (<0.8cm) of general using carries out bud grafting, and grafting part is apart from ground 5cm left and right, and Second Year is cultivated and gone out garden rear autumn.The garden of building adopts one year seedling field planting in garden more, and because seedling quality is poor, seedling-slowing stage is long, and sapling up-growth is slower, sends out branch amount few, has postponed the time limit that enters result and high yield, and " the elongated narrow hat " that is also difficult to cultivate into suitable wide row dense planting is tree-like.The present invention has changed traditional growing seedlings and grafting method, is in the good theatre of planning and designing, and the large stock of direct field planting birch-leaf pear in spring, subsequently at higher part position grafting pear improved seeds, cultivates into the strong nursery stock of going alone then.

Adopt grafting of the present invention and seedling-cultivating method, pear tree nursery stock robust growth, dryness is superpower, is convenient to " elongated narrow hat " tree-like cultivation in next year, and suitable employing is laborsaving, efficient, the application of the theatre of modern cultivation mode.

Summary of the invention

The present invention has created a kind of large stock of birch-leaf pear that utilizes and has cultivated the grafting method in capable and experienced strong sprout.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: select the large stock of qualified birch-leaf pear, after soil thaws, field planting is in the field of having planned, the last week is carried out scion grafting in stock rudiment, carries out the protection of graft after connecing.After grafting survives, the management of strengthening comprehension, can obtain capable and experienced strong sprout then autumn.

Particular content of the present invention, utilizes the large stock of birch-leaf pear to cultivate the grafting method in capable and experienced strong sprout as follows:

1, large stock is planted in choosing: select the birchleaf pear rootstock (axillary root quantity is more than 4, and every length is greater than 15cm) that root system is complete, fibrous root is more, stock stem is held back height at 30cm ~ 40cm, and grafting part diameter is more than 1.2cm.After spring, soil thawed, in theatre, according to the seeding row spacing of the having planned stock of planting, after cultivation, pour water in time.Then, leveling tree dish, covers the wide mulch film of 1m or ground cloth along tree row, and by its place, gap, edge fine earth compacting.

2, simple bud scion grafting: the grafting of birchleaf pear rootstock budding period, scion must be intact.Adopt simple bud cleft grafting, scion bevel length is more than 2cm.Stock wraps tight scion, tighten interface with the plastic film tape (width 12cm) of 0.004mm thickness after aliging with scion formation layer.The attention place of buddering, scion top film will be tightened, to budder, while sprouting, can automatically encircle and.

3, grafting sleeve bag: after grafting completes, grafting is thick with 0.008mm, the plastic barrel of diameter 6cm, length 40cm ~ 50cm entangles whole grafting, is fast knot sealing above, ties up below on stock stem.

4, connect rear management: 1., after grafting, for anvil, do the sprout tillers sending, erase in time, generally need to erase 3 ~ 4 times.2., after buddering in scion sprouted, if temperature surpasses 30 ℃ in bag, with toothpick, prick hole and leak informaton; If surpass 35 ℃, peelable, leave behind or remove plastic barrel.3. grafting vegetative period, when soil moisture lower than maxmun field capacity 60% time, should pour water in time; If soil organic matter content less than 2%, May and July will take the circumstances into consideration to impose chemical fertilizer.4. in grafting 30 days, if some is buddered, expand, but can not encircle, need to needle film with toothpick.While 5. finding the damage by disease and insect such as aphid, tortrix moth on grafting, according to pest species, carry out in time artificial or chemical control with a situation arises.

The beneficial effect of patent of the present invention is: by adopting the grafting method of this innovation, pears seedling quality is greatly improved, strong sprout is gone alone in formation, directly carves bud next year, can turn out laborsaving, efficient, modern cultivation mode needed " elongated narrow hat " tree-like.

Embodiment

2004 ~ 2012 years, on Gaoyang, Hebei, quay, Linzhang and other places, set up in the process of laborsaving, efficient, modern cultivation mode theatre, the large stock of field planting after local soil thaws, tree is checked and regulated flat, waters, covering with plastic film.The kinds such as stock budding period grafting ' No. 7, new pears ', ' lilac ' and ' red crisp-fried '.Adopt simple bud cleft grafting, grafting height, at 30cm ~ 40cm, connects rear graft sleeving plastic cylinder bag.After grafting survival, when temperature reaches 30 ℃ in plastic barrel, with toothpick, prick hole and leak informaton, when temperature surpasses 35 ℃, plastic barrel is removed.After Survival rate of nursery stock, according to soil moisture content, pour water 4 ~ 5 times.In soil organic matter content <2% theatre, growth imposes chemical fertilizer season 2 ~ 3 times.Impose urea mid-May, neutralize late July June to impose composite fertilizer, every mu of 15kg ~ 20kg.While finding the damage by disease and insect such as aphid, tortrix moth on grafting, sprayed corresponding chemical agent.By adopting above-mentioned grafting method and connecing rear administrative skill, more than ' No. 7, new pears ' grafting current increment reaches 2.5m, more than ' red crisp-fried ' reaches 2.0m, more than ' lilac ' reaches 1.6m.

Claims (1)

1. utilize the large stock of birch-leaf pear to cultivate the grafting method in capable and experienced strong sprout, it is characterized in that comprising following step:

(1) stock is selected to select to have the stocks of 4 above lateral roots with planting, and every lateral root length is greater than 15cm, has more fibrous root in axillary root, apart from the ground dry diameter of 30cm ~ 40cm place anvil more than 1.2cm, field planting in field after soil thaws;

(2) the graft stock budding period carries out, and grafting height is apart from ground 30cm ~ 40cm, simple bud cleft grafting, and scion bevel is more than 2cm; The mulch film bondage of thickness 0.004mm, width 12cm for interface and scion;

(3), after the grafting of sleeve bag completes, for graft, thickness 0.008mm, diameter 6cm, length 40cm ~ 50cm plastic barrel entangle, and are fast knot above, tighten below by plastic ties.