CN103966148A - Vegetable waste composting bacterial agent, using method thereof and organic substrate prepared from vegetable waste composting bacterial agent - Google Patents
Vegetable waste composting bacterial agent, using method thereof and organic substrate prepared from vegetable waste composting bacterial agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN103966148A CN103966148A CN201410238302.2A CN201410238302A CN103966148A CN 103966148 A CN103966148 A CN 103966148A CN 201410238302 A CN201410238302 A CN 201410238302A CN 103966148 A CN103966148 A CN 103966148A
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 32
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 241000881860 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007633 bacillus mucilaginosus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 241000499436 Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(C)=O)C(O)=C2C(=O)C(OC)=CC(=O)C2=C1O UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 35
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- 235000021121 fermented vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021332 kidney beans Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
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- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 6
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- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- -1 15 grams Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011299 Brassica oleracea var botrytis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003259 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Cl] Chemical compound [Na].[Cl] DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthrone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3CC2=C1 RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a vegetable waste composting bacterial agent, a using method thereof and an organic substrate prepared from the vegetable waste composting bacterial agent. The vegetable waste composting bacterial agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of phanerochaete chrysosporium, 1-3 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 1-3 parts of bacillus subtilis and 1-3 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, wherein the effective viable count of the complex bacterial agent is up to 4*10<8>/g. The vegetable waste composting bacterial agent can be used for fermenting and composting vegetable wastes and resisting to cucumber fusarium wilt and has the fermentation period of 25 days for treating vegetable wastes and more than 50 days for treating uninoculated vegetable wastes. The organic substrate is prepared through fermenting by using a special process after adding 1kg of composting bacterial agent into every 5 cubic meters of vegetable wastes, wherein the vegetable wastes comprise the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of eggplant straw, 20-40 parts of cucumber vine, 5-15 parts of Chinese cabbage leaves and 5-15 parts of brown coal, wherein the organic substrate can be used as a seedling substrate of tomatoes, has the emergence rate of 92% and has the same effect as a seedling substrate sold on the market.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture microorganism in the Application Areas of processing on vegetable castoff, relate to a kind of vegetable castoff decomposing microbial inoculum and using method thereof and made organic substrate.
Background technology
According to statistics, by the end of the year 2010, Tianjin has added up 35.5 ten thousand mu of newly-built plant husbandry facilities, and whole city's industrialized agriculture floor space reaches 550,000 mu, and during " 12 ", Tianjin industrialized agriculture will reach 1,000,000 mu.The large-area increase of industrialized agriculture, in the vegetable melon and fruit output of a large amount of raisings Tianjin, has also produced a large amount of vegetable castoffs.Wherein tomato per hectare is produced 40～60 tons, fresh waste per year, and cauliflower per hectare is produced 80～110 tons, fresh waste per year, and cucumber per hectare is produced 50～66 tons, fresh waste per year.Vegetable castoff water content is high, easily rot, and also contains abundant nutritive substance simultaneously, abandon as waste, not only polluted environment and also caused the significant wastage of resource.Utilizing biotechnology fast processing vegetable castoff is solve vegetable castoff and realize the most economical effective means of resource utilization.
At present, the domestic special decomposing microbial inoculum rarely having for the treatment of vegetable castoff.Based on this, special proposition the present invention, is used for accelerating processing and the resource utilization of vegetable castoff.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of decomposing microbial inoculum and using method thereof of processing vegetable castoff of being specifically designed to, and the organic substrate being formed by the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed with this microbial inoculum and special process.
A kind of vegetable castoff decomposing microbial inoculum provided by the invention, is characterized in that it is composited by decomposing xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose, multiple bacterial strain disease-resistant and bacterial manure several functions.Its activeconstituents comprises the flat lead fungi of yellow spore (Phanerochaetechrysosporium), trichoderma harziarum (Trichoderma harzianum), subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) and Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus).It is made up of each single strain fermented product of following portions by weight: 1～3 part of 1～3 part of the flat lead fungi of yellow spore, trichoderma harziarum 1-3 part, 1～3 part of subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus; Vegetable castoff decomposing microbial inoculum living bacteria count 4 × 10
8individual/g.
It is the bacterial strain of ACCC 30414 that the flat lead fungi of yellow spore of the present invention specifically can be Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center deposit number.It is the bacterial strain of ACCC 30371 that described trichoderma harziarum specifically can be Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center deposit number.It is the bacterial strain of ACCC 11089 that described subtilis specifically can be Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center deposit number.It is the bacterial strain of ACCC 10013 that described Bacillus mucilaginosus specifically can be Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center deposit number.
The present invention further discloses the using method of vegetable castoff decomposing microbial inoculum, it is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
1, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio (25～30:1) of vegetable castoff and moisture (55～60%, with hand one hold hand seam drip be advisable), every 5 side's vegetable castoffs add 1 kilogram of described decomposing microbial inoculum, turn over and smash evenly.
2, by trapezoidal vegetable castoff heap growth good pre-treatment, 1 meter of heap top width, 2 meters of heap bottom width, pile 1.2～1.5 meters of high summer and autumns, 1.5～2.0 meters of winter-spring season, and heap is long to be determined according to place, and every heap volume is no less than 5 sides.
3, after fermentation starts, in the time that temperature of charge (20～30 centimetres of depths) rises to 55 DEG C, keep three days, then turn over and smash once.If fermentation initial stage temperature does not rise, adjust moisture to recommendation ratio and turn over every day and smash once until pile temperature rising.
4, when heap temperature rises to after 55 DEG C again, keep three days, then turn over and smash once;
5, turn over and smash according to heap tender feeling condition afterwards, temperature rise is not turned over and is smash period, and temperature stops rising and turns over and smash, and repeat this step, until heap temperature is identical with external temperature, moisture is while being down to below 30%, complete fermenting process, whole fermentation period is generally 15～25 days.
The present invention further discloses vegetable castoff decomposing microbial inoculum in the application of processing on vegetable castoff, the time that completes fermentation with described microbial inoculum only needs 25 days, and the need that do not connect bacterium are more than 50 days.
The present invention further discloses a kind of organic substrate, it is characterized in that it is to be become thoroughly decomposed and formed by described vegetable castoff decomposing microbial inoculum fermented vegetables waste, wherein every 5 side's vegetable castoffs add 1 kilogram of described decomposing microbial inoculum, and the parts by weight of described vegetable castoff are as follows: 5～15 parts, 40～60 parts of dry eggplant stalks, 20～40 parts, dry cucumber seedling sprout, 5～15 parts, dry Chinese cabbage leaf and brown coal.
The present invention further discloses the production method of organic substrate, it is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
1, raw material and formula:
Raw material: 5～15 parts, 40～60 parts of dry eggplant stalks, 20～40 parts, dry cucumber seedling sprout, 5～15 parts, dry Chinese cabbage leaf and brown coal; Lignite humic acid content >=50%; Eggplant stalk and cucumber seedling sprout are for drying and growing through being crushed to 2～5cm; The eggplant stalk taking by weight, cucumber seedling sprout, Chinese cabbage leaf and brown coal are fully mixed and make mixing raw material, by water: the weight ratio of mixing raw material 1:1 adds water, control water content 50～60%; Add vegetable castoff decomposing microbial inoculum: every 5 side's vegetable castoffs add 1 kilogram of decomposing microbial inoculum
2, the specification of banking up:
To regulate water and add the vegetable castoff heap growth of decomposing microbial inoculum trapezoidal, 1 meter of heap top width, 2 meters of heap bottom width, pile 1.2～1.5 meters of high summer and autumns, 1.5～2.0 meters of winter-spring season, and heap is long to be determined according to place, and every heap volume is no less than 5 sides;
3, the control of turning time:
After the fermentation of banking up starts, in the time that rising to 55 DEG C, 20～30 centimetres of depths temperature of charge keep three days, then turn over and smash once, in order to killing harmful pathogenic micro-organisms such as disease and pest, worm's ovum and weeds insect, when heap temperature rises to after 55 DEG C again, keep three days, then turn over and smash once, turn over and smash according to heap tender feeling condition afterwards;
4, turning requires:
Turn in buttress process, to accomplish to adjust, even, broken, adjusting is exactly original top section in buttress to be transferred to earth's surface become underclad portion, and underclad portion is transferred to top layer and is become top section, to reach the object of abundant fermentation; Even is exactly that buttress Raw is mixed to also inhomogeneous part, again mixes work; Broken is exactly that the massive zymolysis thing of formation is during the fermentation carried out to fragmentation work;
5, fermentation termination control:
Heap temperature is identical with external temperature, moisture is while being down to below 30%, outward appearance chocolate, and odorless, has completed the whole fermentation production process of organic substrate, and the whole cycle is generally 15～20 days, 25～30 days time in winter;
6, fermented quality control:
After having fermented, pulverize, sieve, detect, weigh and pack, organic substrate products production completes, and organic requirement reaches 45%～55%, and excrement colibacillus group number is negative, induced worm egg death rate 100%.
The present invention further discloses the application of organic substrate on tomato seedling.Can be used as good seedling medium with described organic substrate, seedling rate reaches 92%, is better than the seedling rate of seedling medium that sell in market.
Decomposing microbial inoculum energy quick composting vegetable castoff provided by the invention, output high-quality can be disease-resistant organic substrate.Significantly increase the content of the nutritive elements such as the soil organism and phosphorus, potassium by the become thoroughly decomposed organic radical mass-energy of producing of described decomposing microbial inoculum, improve quantity of useful microbe in Nutrient Transformation rate and product, promote soil remediation, culture fertility, strengthen the disease resistance of crop simultaneously, improve crop quality, reduce and drop into, improve output, promote to increase income.
Brief description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is the systematic quantification routine analyzer figure of Mierocrystalline cellulose and xylogen.
Embodiment
Following embodiment is convenient to understand better the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Experimental technique in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is ordinary method.Test materials used in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is and purchases available from routine biochemistry reagent shop.Quantitative test in following examples, all arranges and repeats experiment, results averaged for three times.
Following bacterial strain is all available from Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center (Agricultural Culture Collection of China is called for short ACCC):
The yellow flat lead fungi of spore (Phanerochaetechrysosporium): ACCC deposit number is 30414, is called for short ACCC 30414;
Trichoderma harziarum (Trichoderma harzianum): ACCC deposit number is 30371, is called for short ACCC30371;
Subtilis (Bacillus subtilis): ACCC deposit number is 11089, is called for short ACCC11089;
Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus): ACCC deposit number is 10013, is called for short ACCC10013.
embodiment 1:
The preparation of substratum and bacterial classification
One, the preparation of substratum
1, potato, glucose agar medium (PDA)
200 grams of potatos removing skin, are cut into small pieces, and the 1000ml that adds water boils 30 minutes, elimination potato ball, filtrate is complemented to 1000ml, add 20 grams of glucose, 15 grams, agar, dissolves rear packing, 15 pounds of sterilizings 30 minutes, pH nature, does not add agar when obtaining liq substratum.
2, nutrition nutrient agar
Formed by peptone 5g, sodium-chlor 5g, extractum carnis 3g and distilled water 1000ml.PH7.0(solid medium adds agar 15-20g).
3, potassium bacteria culture medium
Yeast extract paste 0.4g, N.F,USP MANNITOL 10.0g, K
2hPO
40.5g, MgSO
47H
2o 0.2g, FeCl
30.005g, CaCO
31.0g, distilled water 1000.0ml, pH7.0-7.2, add 15 grams of agar when preparation solid medium.
4, solid fermentation substratum
Wheat bran 80g, dregs of beans 10g, (NH
4)
2sO
41.0g, KH
2pO
40.2g, MgSO
47H
200.05g, 80mL distilled water.
Two, the activation of bacterial classification
The yellow flat lead fungi of spore and trichoderma harziarum are seeded on PDA substratum; Subtilis is seeded on nutrition nutrient agar substratum; Bacillus mucilaginosus is seeded on potassium bacteria culture medium.
Flat yellow spore lead fungi, trichoderma harziarum, subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus are carried out respectively to inclined-plane switching, access respective ramp substratum, activation culture 2-3 days.
Three, single bacterial classification preparation
1, cultivation and the fermentation of the flat lead fungi of yellow spore and trichoderma harziarum
Inclined-plane and shake-flask culture base are potato, glucose agar medium, and slant medium adds agar.Liquid nutrient medium is sub-packed in 500ml triangular flask after sterilizing, accesses each fungi slant strains, shaking table speed 180r/min, cultivates 48 hours for 28 DEG C～30 DEG C, and when occurring in shaking flask that density is large, mycelium pellet is obviously not muddy.Seeding tank and fermentation cylinder for fermentation substratum are the cooking liquor of starch, 1kg glucose and the 2kg potato of soya-bean milk, the 6.5kg of 1000kg water, 8.75kg soybean, pH7.0, through 121 DEG C of real tank sterilizings after 30 minutes, cultivate 48 hours at 28 DEG C～30 DEG C, after mycelium pellet that density is large appears in fermented liquid, be inoculated on solid fermentation substratum, 10%, 121 DEG C of inoculum size, 0.1MPa autoclaving 30min, 25 DEG C of solid fermentations are cultivated 48h, and spore count reaches 6 × 10
8individual/g.
2, the cultivation of subtilis and fermentation
Slant medium and shake-flask culture base are all nutrition nutrient agar, when preparation solid medium, add 15 grams of agar, seeding tank and fermentation tank culture medium are soya-bean milk, the starch of 6.5kg, the 1kg glucose of 1000kg water, 8.75kg soybean, CaCO3100g, FeCl310g, pH7.0, through 121 DEG C of real tank sterilizings after 30 minutes, cultivate 24～36 hours at 28 DEG C～30 DEG C, when bacterium number in every ml fermented liquid reaches 10 × 10
8individual/g.Then being adsorbed on the vermiculite of 1 part normal temperature by the fermented liquid of 3 parts of weight ratios respectively dries and obtains subtilis single strain microbial inoculum.
3, the cultivation of Bacillus mucilaginosus and fermentation
Slant medium and shake-flask culture base are all potassium bacteria culture medium, seeding tank and fermentation tank culture medium are soya-bean milk, the starch of 6.5kg, the 1kg glucose of 1000kg water, 8.75kg soybean, CaCO3100g, FeCl310g, pH7.0,, after 30 minutes, cultivate 48 hours at 28 DEG C～30 DEG C, when bacterium number in every ml fermented liquid reaches 5 × 10 through 121 DEG C of real tank sterilizings
8individual/g.Then being adsorbed on the vermiculite of 1 part normal temperature by the fermented liquid of 3 parts of weight ratios respectively dries and obtains Bacillus mucilaginosus single strain microbial inoculum.
Four, the preparation of decomposing microbial inoculum (representing with composite fungus agent below)
The flat lead fungi of yellow spore, trichoderma harziarum, subtilis and the Bacillus mucilaginosus list bacterial classification weight ratio produced are as stated above 1～3:1～3:1～3:1～3.Mixing makes composite fungus agent after mixing thoroughly, and composite fungus agent living bacteria count reaches 4 × 10
8individual/g.
embodiment 2:
composite fungus agent composition
A kind of vegetable castoff decomposing microbial inoculum, is formulated as follows (by weight):
The composition of table 1 vegetable castoff decomposing microbial inoculum
| Title | The flat lead fungi of yellow spore | Trichoderma harziarum | Subtilis | Bacillus mucilaginosus |
| （1） | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 |
| （2） | 2.0 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.0 |
| （3） | 2.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| （4） | 3.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
Wherein living bacteria count is 4 × 10
8individual/g;
The proportioning (percentage ratio by weight) of table 2 organic substrate raw materials for production
| Title | Eggplant stalk (%) | Cucumber seedling sprout (%) | Chinese cabbage seedling sprout (%) | Brown coal (%) |
| （1） | 60 | 30 | 10 | 10 |
| （2） | 45 | 40 | 15 | 5 |
| （3） | 50 | 30 | 5 | 15 |
| （4） | 40 | 20 | 10 | 5 |
embodiment 3:
mutual antagonistic experiment between bacterial strain
The flat lead fungi of yellow spore, trichoderma harziarum, subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus after activation are carried out to the mutual antagonistic experiment between bacterial strain, and combination of two, is divided into into 12 kinds of array modes, three repetitions of each combination.
Adopt steel ring method to carry out bacteriostatic test, bacterial strain is cultivated in corresponding substratum to 3-5 days (190r/min, 28 DEG C) and made fermented liquid.Getting the wherein fermented liquid 0.1mL of a kind of bacterium (A) is applied on PDA flat board, then on the solid medium of each flat board, put the steel ring of two prior sterilizings, in each steel ring, add again the fermented liquid of any bacterium (B) outside the A bacterium of 0.25mL, each processing in triplicate, taking the plate that only connects A bacterium as contrast.Cultivate and the antibacterial situation of routine observation for 28 DEG C.
The results are shown in Table 1.
Antagonistic effect between table 3 bacterial classification
| The flat lead fungi of yellow spore | Trichoderma harziarum | Subtilis | Bacillus mucilaginosus | |
| The flat lead fungi of yellow spore | - | - | - | |
| Trichoderma harziarum | - | - | - | |
| Subtilis | - | - | - | |
| Bacillus mucilaginosus | - | - | - |
Note: "-" represents antagonism reaction negative, "+" represents antagonism reacting positive
Test-results shows unrestraint effect between the flat lead fungi of yellow spore, trichoderma harziarum, subtilis and 4 kinds of bacterium of Bacillus mucilaginosus, and antagonism reaction is all negative.
embodiment 4:
the xylogen of single bacterial strain and composite fungus agent and the mensuration of cellulose-decomposing ability
Vegetable castoff comprises eggplant stalk, Pepper stalk, cucumber seedling sprout, tomato seedling sprout, Chinese cabbage leaf etc., and composition mainly comprises xylogen and Mierocrystalline cellulose.
One, material
Substratum: straw powder 70g, wheat bran 30g, ammonium nitrate 2.56g, water 251g, is sub-packed in Cans, every bottled 25g, 8 layers of gauze wrapping, 121 DEG C of 30min sterilizings.
Two, experimental technique
By the liquid fermentation and culture liquid of bacterial strain, access in the sterilizing Cans that substratum is housed (inoculum size is 10ml/ tank) respectively, ferment and within 25 days, measure afterwards xylogen in fermented product, cellulosic content to compare the ability of their decomposing straws.In fermented product, the measuring method of xylogen, content of cellulose, is shown in Fig. 1.
Three, measurement result
The variation of xylogen and content of cellulose after strain fermentation stalk,
Measurement result sees the following form.
Xylogen, cellulosic content in table 4 fermented product
| Process | Content of lignin (g/0.5g) | Content of cellulose (g/0.5g) |
| The flat lead fungi of yellow spore | 0.01 | 0.056 |
| Trichoderma harziarum | 0.03 | 0.059 |
| Subtilis | 0.03 | 0.119 |
| Bacillus mucilaginosus | 0.04 | 0.121 |
| Composite fungus agent | 0.02 | 0.069 |
| Contrast | 0.05 | 0.141 |
(note: fermentation time is 25 days contrasts as not connecing xylogen in the substratum recording under bacterium condition, cellulosic content.The fixed sugared method of xylogen, cellulosic measuring method integrated application neutral detergent and 2M Hydrochloric Acid Hydrolysis Method, 72% sulfuric acid process and anthrone in fermented product.）
Detected result shows, the composite fungus agent being made up of the flat lead fungi of yellow spore, trichoderma harziarum, subtilis and 4 kinds of bacterial strains of Bacillus mucilaginosus has stronger xylogen and cellulose-decomposing ability, can carry out the processing of vegetable castoff.
embodiment 5:
the resistance against diseases of single bacterial strain and composite fungus agent is measured
Adopt steel ring method to carry out bacteriostatic test, the flat lead fungi of yellow spore, trichoderma harziarum, subtilis, glue peptone sample gemma bar and composite fungus agent after activation are carried out to bacteriostatic test with cucumber fusarium axysporum respectively, three repetitions of each combination.
Each bacterial strain is cultivated in corresponding substratum to 2-3 days (190r/min, 28 DEG C) and made fermented liquid, it is 10 that cultured cucumber fusarium axysporum is made to spore concentration
6the bacteria suspension of individual/mL.Getting cucumber fusarium axysporum bacteria suspension 0.1mL is applied on PDA flat board, then on the solid medium of each flat board, put the steel ring of two prior sterilizings, in each steel ring, add again above-mentioned each fermented liquid and the composite bacteria liquid of 0.25mL, each processing in triplicate, taking the plate that only connects cucumber fusarium axysporum bacteria suspension as contrast.Cultivate and the antibacterial situation of routine observation for 28 DEG C.
The each bacterial strain of table 5 and the bacteriostasis of composite fungus agent to cucumber fusarium axysporum
Note: "+" represents antagonism reacting positive, and "+" more multilist shows that inhibition is larger.
Test-results shows, the flat lead fungi of yellow spore, trichoderma harziarum, subtilis, glue peptone sample gemma bar and composite fungus agent all have fungistatic effect to cucumber fusarium axysporum.
embodiment 6:
the using method of composite fungus agent and effect
By above embodiment, the composite fungus agent being made up of the flat lead fungi of yellow spore, trichoderma harziarum, subtilis, 4 kinds of bacterium of glue peptone sample gemma bar is described, there is the effect of several functions, can be used as decomposing agent and carry out the quick composting of vegetable castoff.
One, the using method of composite fungus agent
1, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio (25～30:1) of vegetable castoff and moisture (55～60%, with hand one hold hand seam drip be advisable), every 5 side's vegetable castoffs add 1 kilogram of composite fungus agent, turn over and smash evenly.
2, by trapezoidal vegetable castoff heap growth good pre-treatment, 1 meter of heap top width, 2 meters of heap bottom width, pile 1.2～1.5 meters of high summer and autumns, 1.5～2.0 meters of winter-spring season, and heap is long to be determined according to place, and every heap volume is no less than 5 sides.
3, after fermentation starts, in the time that temperature of charge (20～30 centimetres of depths) rises to 55 DEG C, keep three days, then turn over and smash once.If fermentation initial stage temperature does not rise, adjust moisture to recommendation ratio and turn over every day and smash once until pile temperature rising.
4, when heap temperature rises to after 55 DEG C again, keep three days, then turn over and smash once;
5, turn over and smash according to heap tender feeling condition afterwards, temperature rise is not turned over and is smash period, and temperature stops rising and turns over and smash, and repeat this step, until heap temperature is identical with external temperature, moisture is while being down to below 30%, complete fermenting process, whole fermentation period is generally 15～25 days.
Two, the result of use of composite fungus agent
1, materials and methods
Composting material: pulverize dry eggplant stalk, dry cucumber seedling sprout, Chinese cabbage leaf
If two processing, add the composite fungus agent described in the present invention and the blank (CK) with microbial inoculum, each processing raw material 5 sides, outdoor composting, measures heap temperature every day.Fermentation period calculates gained till being down to room temperature with leavening temperature.
2, results and analysis
The impact of composite fungus agent on compost initial stage temperature and maturity.
Table 6 compost initial stage temperature and complete the number of days of fermenting process
Table 6 shows, the compost of inoculating compound bacterium agent, the 2nd day temperature all higher than do not connect bacterium (contrast) compost (, and temperature just reaches more than 45 DEG C after 2 days, and temperature to the 4 talentes of contrast rise to more than 45 DEG C.The time that composite fungus agent completes fermentation only needs 25 days, and the contrast need that do not connect bacterium are more than 50 days.The compost of inoculating compound bacterium agent, than contrast 2 days phases that reach a high temperature in advance, completes fermentation time and reduces 35 days than contrast.
embodiment 7:
application composite fungus agent is produced made organic substrate and effect
Under certain site facility condition, by adding compound decomposing microbial inoculum, vegetable castoff generation biological degradation, chemical degradation and physical change, produce CO
2, H
2o and NH
3deng gas release of heat, generate in a large number and can be transformed and absorb micromolecular inorganic and organic nutrient substance by crop, form stable physical structure and state, obtain organic substrate of the present invention.
One, the production of organic substrate and technique
1, raw material and formula
Raw material comprises dry eggplant stalk, dry cucumber seedling sprout, dry Chinese cabbage leaf and four kinds of organic materialss of brown coal.By weight, eggplant stalk accounts for 40～60%; Cucumber seedling sprout accounts for 20～40%; Chinese cabbage leaf 5～15%; Brown coal 5～15%.
2, material choice
Lignite humic acid content >=50%.
3, proportioning raw materials
Take by weight 40～60% dry eggplant stalk, 20～40% dry cucumber seedling sprout, 5～15% dry Chinese cabbage leaf and 5～15% brown coal.
4, the mixing of raw material
The eggplant stalk taking by weight, cucumber seedling sprout, Chinese cabbage leaf and brown coal forklift are fully mixed.
5, add water
By water: the weight ratio of mixing raw material 1:1 adds water, control water content in 50～60% left and right.
6, add composite fungus agent of the present invention
Every 5 side's vegetable castoffs add 1 kilogram of composite fungus agent
7, the specification of banking up
To regulate water and add the vegetable castoff heap growth of composite fungus agent trapezoidal, 1 meter of heap top width, 2 meters of heap bottom width, pile 1.2～1.5 meters of high summer and autumns, 1.5～2.0 meters of winter-spring season, and heap is long to be determined according to place, and every heap volume is no less than 5 sides.
8, the control of turning time
After the fermentation of banking up starts, if fermentation initial stage temperature does not rise, as inadequate in moisture content, adjust moisture to recommendation ratio 50～60%, as excessive in moisture content, must turn over every day and smash once, increase oxygen content in buttress, impel microorganism Fast Growth, until heap temperature rises.In the time that temperature of charge (20～30 centimetres of depths) rises to 55 DEG C, keep three days, then turn over and smash once, in order to killing harmful pathogenic micro-organisms such as disease and pest, worm's ovum and weeds insect.When heap temperature rises to after 55 DEG C again, keep three days, then turn over and smash once.Turn over and smash according to heap tender feeling condition afterwards, temperature rise is not turned over and is smash period, and temperature stops rising and turns over and smash, in the time that temperature exceedes 70 DEG C, need turn over and smash immediately, eliminate the inhibition of high temperature to microorganism growth by cooling, thereby impel the activity of a large amount of mesophilic bacterias, accelerate the process of compost.
9, turning requirement
Turn in buttress process and will accomplish tune, even, broken.Adjusting is exactly original top section in buttress to be transferred to earth's surface become underclad portion, and underclad portion is transferred to top layer and is become top section, to reach the object of abundant fermentation; Even is exactly that buttress Raw is mixed to also inhomogeneous part, again mixes work; Broken is exactly that the massive zymolysis thing of formation is during the fermentation carried out to fragmentation work.
10, fermentation termination control
Heap temperature is identical with external temperature, moisture is while being down to below 30%, outward appearance chocolate, and odorless, has completed the whole fermentation production process of organic substrate, and the whole cycle is generally 15～20 days, 25～30 days time in winter.
11, fermented quality control
After having fermented, pulverize, sieve, detect, weigh and pack, organic substrate has been produced, and organic requirement reaches 45%～55%, and excrement colibacillus group number is negative, induced worm egg death rate 100%.
Because described composite fungus agent integrates xylogen decomposition, cellulose decomposition, disease-resistant and bacterial manure several functions, add after vegetable castoff material, probiotics decomposes on the one hand the vegetable castoff that becomes thoroughly decomposed and forms stable organic substrate, utilize vegetable castoff to carry out self expanding propagation on the one hand, in the organic substrate generating, make the organic substrate generating there is equally the multiple performances such as disease-resistant and bacterial manure own disease-resistant and bacterial manure function transplanting.
12, using method
As 100～200 kilograms of every mu of amounts of application for soil improvement agent, before ploughing, spread fertilizer over the fields and earth's surface, then following ploughs is evenly manured into soil and interiorly uses as base manure; Can be used as seedling medium uses.
Two, seedling growth test
Trial crops is tomato, surveys percentage of germination.
Test design: establish two processing: 1, invent described organic substrate, 2, market matrix (contrast); Repeat for three times, order is arranged.Test-results is as shown in table 7:
Table 7 biological organic fertilizer field effect
| Process | Seedling rate (%) |
| Process 1 | 92 |
| Contrast | 91 |
Test-results shows, organic substrate of the present invention can be used as good seedling medium, and seedling rate reaches 92%, substantially the same with organic seedling raising matrix seedling rate effect on market.
Claims (8)
1. a vegetable castoff decomposing microbial inoculum, is characterized in that its activeconstituents comprises the flat lead fungi of yellow spore (Phanerochaetechrysosporium), trichoderma harziarum (Trichoderma harzianum), subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) and Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus); It is made up of each single strain fermented product of following portions by weight: 0.5～2 part of 0.5～2 part of the flat lead fungi of yellow spore, trichoderma harziarum 0.5-2 part, 0.5～2 part of subtilis and Bacillus mucilaginosus; Composite fungus agent living bacteria count reaches 4 × 10
8individual/g.
2. the using method of vegetable castoff decomposing microbial inoculum described in claim 1, is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
(1) adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio (25～30:1) of vegetable castoff and moisture (55～60%, with hand one hold hand seam drip be advisable), every 5 side's vegetable castoffs add 1 kilogram of described decomposing microbial inoculum, turn over and smash evenly;
(2) by trapezoidal vegetable castoff heap growth good pre-treatment, 1 meter of heap top width, 2 meters of heap bottom width, pile 1.2～1.5 meters of high summer and autumns, 1.5～2.0 meters of winter-spring season, and heap is long to be determined according to place, and every heap volume is no less than 5 sides;
(3) after fermentation starts, in the time that temperature of charge (20～30 centimetres of depths) rises to 55 DEG C, keep three days, then turn over and smash once;
If fermentation initial stage temperature does not rise, adjust moisture to recommendation ratio and turn over every day and smash once until pile temperature rising;
(4) when heap temperature rises to after 55 DEG C again, keep three days, then turn over and smash once;
(5) turn over and smash according to heap tender feeling condition afterwards, temperature rise is not turned over and is smash period, and temperature stops rising and turns over and smash, and repeat this step, until heap temperature is identical with external temperature, moisture is while being down to below 30%, complete fermenting process, whole fermentation period is generally 15～25 days.
3. the application of vegetable castoff decomposing microbial inoculum on decomposition of cellulose and xylogen and anti-cucumber fusarium axysporum described in claim 1.
4. the application of vegetable castoff decomposing microbial inoculum on processing vegetable castoff described in claim 1.
5. application claimed in claim 4, vegetable castoff wherein refers to: the quick composting of cucumber seedling sprout after growing vegetables is gathered, tomato seedling sprout, eggplant stalk, Pepper stalk, fresh kidney beans seedling sprout, Chinese cabbage leaf.
6. an organic substrate, it is characterized in that it is to be become thoroughly decomposed and formed by vegetable castoff decomposing microbial inoculum fermented vegetables waste described in claims 1, wherein every 5 side's vegetable castoffs add 1 kilogram of described decomposing microbial inoculum, and the parts by weight of described vegetable castoff are as follows: 5～15 parts, 40～60 parts of eggplant stalks, 20～40 parts, cucumber seedling sprout, 5～15 parts, Chinese cabbage leaf and brown coal.
7. the production method of organic substrate described in claim 5, is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
(1) raw material and formula:
Raw material: 5～15 parts, 40～60 parts of dry eggplant stalks, 20～40 parts, dry cucumber seedling sprout, 5～15 parts, dry Chinese cabbage leaf and brown coal; Lignite humic acid content >=50%; Eggplant stalk and cucumber seedling sprout are for drying and growing through being crushed to 2～5cm; The eggplant stalk taking by weight, cucumber seedling sprout, Chinese cabbage leaf and brown coal are fully mixed and make mixing raw material, by water: the weight ratio of mixing raw material 1:1 adds water, control water content 50～60%; Add vegetable castoff decomposing microbial inoculum: every 5 side's vegetable castoffs add 1 kilogram of decomposing microbial inoculum;
(2) specification of banking up:
To regulate water and add the vegetable castoff heap growth of decomposing microbial inoculum trapezoidal, 1 meter of heap top width, 2 meters of heap bottom width, pile 1.2～1.5 meters of high summer and autumns, 1.5～2.0 meters of winter-spring season, and heap is long to be determined according to place, and every heap volume is no less than 5 sides;
(3) control of turning time:
After the fermentation of banking up starts, in the time that rising to 55 DEG C, 20～30 centimetres of depths temperature of charge keep three days, then turn over and smash once, in order to killing harmful pathogenic micro-organisms such as disease and pest, worm's ovum and weeds insect, when heap temperature rises to after 55 DEG C again, keep three days, then turn over and smash once, turn over and smash according to heap tender feeling condition afterwards;
(4) turning requires:
Turn in buttress process, to accomplish to adjust, even, broken, adjusting is exactly original top section in buttress to be transferred to earth's surface become underclad portion, and underclad portion is transferred to top layer and is become top section, to reach the object of abundant fermentation; Even is exactly that buttress Raw is mixed to also inhomogeneous part, again mixes work; Broken is exactly that the massive zymolysis thing of formation is during the fermentation carried out to fragmentation work;
(5) fermentation termination control:
Heap temperature is identical with external temperature, moisture is while being down to below 30%, outward appearance chocolate, and odorless, has completed the whole fermentation production process of organic substrate, and the whole cycle is generally 15～20 days, 25～30 days time in winter;
(6) fermented quality control:
After having fermented, pulverize, sieve, detect, weigh and pack, organic substrate products production completes, and organic requirement reaches 45%～55%, and excrement colibacillus group number is negative, induced worm egg death rate 100%.
8. the application of organic substrate on tomato seedling described in claim 6.
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