CN103932337A - 一种琯溪蜜柚果肉饮料的制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种琯溪蜜柚果肉饮料的制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种琯溪蜜柚果肉饮料的制备工艺,按如下加工步骤进行:原料选择→清洗去皮→去囊衣→预煮→护色→硬化→装罐→排气密封→杀菌冷却→常温存储。通过该琯溪蜜柚果肉饮料的制备工艺进行加工所制备成的琯溪蜜柚果肉饮料,口感甚佳,对于琯溪蜜柚原有的果味保持完整。将琯溪蜜柚果肉制成果肉饮品,不仅能调节市场供需,提高琯溪蜜柚的附加值,为琯溪蜜柚果品资源的加工利用提供了一条有效的解决途径,同时又丰富了饮料市场,成为新的经济增长点,对农产品加工技术发展具有积极的推动作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水果饮料加工领域,具体是指一种琯溪蜜柚果肉饮料的制备工艺。
背景技术
平和琯溪蜜柚是漳州平和县的地方名果,原产福建平和县,是栽培柚类的名品。至今已有500多年的栽培历史 ,早在清乾隆年间它就被列为朝廷贡品。它以皮薄多汁、清甜醇蜜、酸甜适中之优良品质而闻名古今中外也是春节前后许多消费者必备果品。内含有丰富的维生素C及大量其他招牌营养素,是医学界公认的最具食疗效益的水果。
琯溪蜜柚的口感好、营养丰富,其不仅是美食果品,而且是令人仰慕的天然保健食品。目前,琯溪蜜柚一般都是以果品的形式出现在市场上,琯溪蜜柚集中在每年成熟季节上市,市场供应量远大于需求量,当成熟期过后,则出供不应求的现象。部分加工厂将关系蜜柚制备成罐头进行外销,提高琯溪蜜柚的附加值。但是,由于罐头的接受、适用人群较为有限,因此,琯溪蜜柚罐头的市场局限性较大。如何对琯溪蜜柚进行调节市场供需,提高琯溪蜜柚的附加值,为琯溪蜜柚果品资源的加工利用提供了一条有效的解决途径是本发明的研究目的。
发明内容
本发明在于提供一种琯溪蜜柚果肉饮料的制备工艺,通过对原材料(琯溪蜜柚)进行连续的加工处理后与预先配置好的糖液混合装罐制成相应的果肉饮料,将琯溪蜜柚果肉制成果肉饮品,不仅能调节市场供需,提高琯溪蜜柚的附加值,为琯溪蜜柚果品资源的加工利用提供了一条有效的解决途径,同时又丰富了饮料市场。
本发明的具体技术方案如下:
一种琯溪蜜柚果肉饮料的制备工艺,按如下加工步骤进行:
(1)原料选择:选取色泽正常、香味浓郁、充分成熟、无霉烂、无病虫危害、无其他明显不良变化的琯溪蜜柚鲜果为加工原料;
(2)清洗、去皮:将所选的鲜果先用流动清水清洗干净,并沥干,用锋利小刀在果面划线四条,以不伤果实囊瓣为度,然后手工剥尽果皮;
(3)去囊衣:在温度为40~50℃的环境下,采用0.8~1.2%食用级氢氧化钠溶液对果实处理15~20min,取出后流水漂洗,将果肉上的囊衣及碱液冲洗干净;
(4)预煮:对去除囊衣后的果肉进行预煮使果肉分散,预煮温度:95~100℃,预煮时间:3-5min;
(5)护色:配置0.08-0.1%柠檬酸溶液,加入Vc0.04~0.06%作为护色液,将柚子肉放入所述护色液中备用;
(6)硬化:将柚子肉放入硬化液中进行硬化处理,时间为1~1.5小时,所述硬化液为0.12~0.18%氯化钙溶液;
(7)装罐:将硬化处理后的果肉与预先配置好的糖液按比例装罐,装罐后糖液中的含固量为40~60%;
所述预先配置好的糖液是由下述材料按下述比例配置而成: 15~20%白砂糖、0.03~0.06%β-CD、0.15~0.25%柠檬酸、0.015~0.025%甘草素、余量为水;
(8)排气密封:装罐后将罐加盖,并将罐内空气排气后密封;
(9)杀菌冷却:罐头灌装密封后码放在高压杀菌锅内,进行杀菌处理,杀菌温度为75~80℃,杀菌后要求在5-15分钟内快速冷却到35-40℃。
所述步骤(9)之后还包含步骤(10)储存:根据要求进行打检、擦罐、贴标、装箱、封箱后,将成品移至相应的成品储存室进行常温储存15天以上。
本发明的优点:
将琯溪蜜柚果肉制成果肉饮品,不仅能调节市场供需,提高琯溪蜜柚的附加值,为琯溪蜜柚果品资源的加工利用提供了一条有效的解决途径,同时又丰富了饮料市场,成为新的经济增长点,对农产品加工技术发展具有积极的推动作用。
通过上述琯溪蜜柚果肉饮料的制备工艺进行加工所制备成的琯溪蜜柚果肉饮料,口感甚佳,对于琯溪蜜柚原有的果味保持完整。步骤(5)护色过程中所使用的护色液为0.08-0.1%柠檬酸溶液,加入Vc0.04~0.06%,不仅能够起到护色作用,同时通过Vc起到相应的保健作用;步骤(7)装罐前,预先配置好的糖液成分为:15~20%白砂糖、0.03~0.06%β-CD、0.15~0.25%柠檬酸、0.015~0.025%甘草素、余量为水。β-环糊精(β-CD)是一种低聚糖, 生产成本低, 无毒性,具有疏水结合部位。在糖液中加入β-CD, 可使柚皮苷及柠檬苦素进入β-CD结构内形成包埋,从而掩盖柠檬苦素和柚皮苷引起的苦味。但是,β-CD添加量过不仅大会严重影响营养成份及天然风味,而成会产生异味致使饮料口感不好,目前琯溪蜜柚罐头或饮料的生产加工中,β-CD的添加量一般高达0.5%,虽然达到脱苦的目的,但是也影响了琯溪蜜柚的营养成份及天然风味,而且会产生异味致使饮料口感不好。本发明降低β-CD的含量至0.05%,同时,选用甘草素作为作为脱苦辅助剂及甜味剂,甘草素作为脱苦辅助剂可以协同β-环糊精的包埋作用,提高柚子的脱苦效果。通过甘草素协同β-CD达到了柚子的脱苦效果,保证了柚子原有的营养成份及天然风味,提升了琯溪蜜柚果肉饮料的口感。
步骤(9)杀菌冷却过程中,将原来100℃的杀菌温度改变为75~80℃,并在杀菌后要求在5-15分钟内快速冷却到35-40℃,既能保证杀菌效果,同时有效的防止因为高温杀菌致使柚子果肉过多失去原有的果味。杀菌过程,果肉中的汁液会流失一部分,果肉出现干瘪情况,通过降低杀菌温度,并要求在5-15分钟内快速冷却到35-40℃,减少果肉中汁液的流失量。步骤(10)储存中,明确要求将成品移至相应的成品储存室进行常温储存15天以上,这样一来,杀菌失去部分水份的果肉会吸收糖液恢复至原来的饱满状态,进一步提升琯溪蜜柚果肉饮料的风味。
附图说明
图1为护色实验过程中护色液对产品褐变度的影响示意图。
具体实施方式
为了便于本领域技术人员理解,以下通过实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述,但本发明不仅限于此。
一种琯溪蜜柚果肉饮料的制备工艺,按如下加工步骤进行:
(1)原料选择:选取色泽正常、香味浓郁、充分成熟、无霉烂、无病虫危害、无其他明显不良变化的琯溪蜜柚鲜果为加工原料;
(2)清洗、去皮:将所选的鲜果先用流动清水清洗干净,并沥干,用锋利小刀在果面划线四条,以不伤果实囊瓣为度,然后手工剥尽果皮;
(3)去囊衣:在温度为45℃的环境下,采用1%食用级氢氧化钠溶液对果实处理18min,取出后流水漂洗,将果肉上的囊衣及碱液冲洗干净;
(4)预煮:对去除囊衣后的果肉进行预煮使果肉分散,预煮温度:97℃,预煮时间:4min;
(5)护色:配置0.1%柠檬酸溶液,加入Vc0.05%作为护色液,将柚子肉放入所述护色液中备用;
(6)硬化:将柚子肉放入硬化液中进行硬化处理,时间为1.2小时,所述硬化液为0.15%氯化钙溶液;
(7)装罐:将硬化处理后的果肉与预先配置好的糖液按比例装罐,装罐后糖液中的含固量为50%;
所述预先配置好的糖液是由下述材料按下述比例配置而成: 18%白砂糖、0.05%β-CD、0.2%柠檬酸、0.02%甘草素、调整水81.73%;
(8)排气密封:装罐后将罐加盖,并将罐内空气排气后密封;
(9)杀菌冷却:罐头灌装密封后码放在高压杀菌锅内,进行杀菌处理,杀菌温度为77℃,杀菌后要求在10分钟内快速冷却到38℃。
(10)储存:根据要求进行打检、擦罐、贴标、装箱、封箱后,将成品移至相应的成品储存室进行常温储存20天后开始外销。
实验数据:
一、护色实验
如图1所示:通过实验发现琯溪蜜柚罐头在贮藏过程中若不进行护色处理,容易发生褐变,无法被消费者接受。故考虑通过护色措施改善产品颜色,实验选用0.1%柠檬酸溶液及0.05%Vc复配进行护色,观察贮藏过程中产品的褐变度,以期减小产品的褐变提高产品的感官效果。实验结果结果表明0.1%柠檬酸和0.05%Vc护色液和对产品的色泽有很大的改善作用,使产品褐变度在一定贮藏期内达到可完全接受的要求。
二、硬化处理
蜜柚罐头在加工贮藏过程中,由于加工、浸泡、贮藏时间过长容易使柚子果肉口感下降,弹性变差。故本工艺对比0.15%氯化钙和0.15%海藻酸钠对产品进行硬化处理的效果,即分别用两种硬化液浸泡柚子肉1.5小时并进行后续加工后,对比最终产品的硬化保脆效果,评分时,以新鲜样品为10分,其他实验样品对比得分。结果如下表,实验表明0.15%氯化钙对产品具有较好的硬化效果,可较好的保持产品加工后的脆度。
表1 硬化效果对比
新鲜 | 空白 | 0.15%氯化钙 | 0.15%海藻酸钠 | |
脆度 | 10 | 2 | 7.5 | 5 |
3、脱苦工艺及糖液配方的选择
研究表明琯溪蜜柚中的苦味物质的形成主要由两大类化合物组成,一类为类黄酮化合物,主要苦味物质为柚皮苷,另一类为柠檬苦素。而且蜜柚中柚皮苷和柠檬苦素主要存在于囊衣及筋络中。在工艺中添加β-环糊精作为脱苦剂,利用其与蔗糖、甘草素的协同作用达到脱苦的目的。
β-环糊精(β-CD)是一种低聚糖, 生产成本低, 无毒性,具有疏水结合部位。在糖液中加入β-CD, 可使柚皮苷及柠檬苦素进入β-CD结构内形成包埋,从而掩盖柠檬苦素和柚皮苷引起的苦味, 可在不影响营养成份及天然风味的前提下达到脱苦的目的。故选择β-CD为主要脱苦剂。同时,选用甘草素作为作为脱苦辅助剂及甜味剂,因甘草素是一种非常有前景的纯天然甜味剂,它甜度大约为蔗糖80-300倍、低热能、无毒且具有很好的医疗保健功效,是高血压、肥胖症、糖尿病、心脏病患者使用的最理想甜味剂,它可以弥补蔗糖等甜味剂诱发上述疾病的弊端。作为甜味剂时甘草素在糖液中与蔗糖复配效果较好,添加适量的柠檬酸可使甜味更佳。同时作为脱苦辅助剂还可以协同β-环糊精的包埋作用,提高柚子的脱苦效果。
故以白砂糖(A)、甘草素(B)、β-CD(C)和柠檬酸(D)4个因素进行,L9 (34)正交试验(表3),以确定蜜柚罐头糖液(含脱苦)的最佳配方。
表2 蜜柚罐头糖液配方因素水平表
感官指标评分及标准
邀请10位从事食品专业人员,按照产品评分标准(见表3)对不同配方的产品根据色泽、气味、口感,进行评分,根据评分结果确定糖液的最优配方。
表3 感官评分标准
参考标准(100 分) | 色泽(30分) | 香气(30分) | 口感(40 分) |
优 | 柚瓣呈浅黄色,色泽一致,具有与原果肉近似的光泽(26~30) | 有原果香味,香气清新,无异味(27~30) | 酸甜适中,风味协调,略带苦味(36~40) |
良 | 色泽略深或略浅(20~25) | 香气较淡,稍有味(22~26) | 酸甜度较好,口感略粗糙,苦味较大(30~35) |
差 | 颜色太浅或太深,有杂色(0~19) | 无香气,有较浓蒸煮味或异味(0~21) | 过酸过甜,酸甜味过淡,或者过苦(0~29) |
表4 正交试验结果表
由表4可以看出,最佳配方工艺为A2B3C2D2,即白砂糖18%,甘草素0.02%,β-CD 0.05%,柠檬酸0.2%。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属于本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种琯溪蜜柚果肉饮料的制备工艺,其特征在于按如下加工步骤进行:
(1)原料选择:选取色泽正常、香味浓郁、充分成熟、无霉烂、无病虫危害、无其他明显不良变化的琯溪蜜柚鲜果为加工原料;
(2)清洗、去皮:将所选的鲜果先用流动清水清洗干净,并沥干,用锋利小刀在果面划线四条,以不伤果实囊瓣为度,然后手工剥尽果皮;
(3)去囊衣:在温度为40~50℃的环境下,采用0.8~1.2%食用级氢氧化钠溶液对果实处理15~20min,取出后流水漂洗,将果肉上的囊衣及碱液冲洗干净;
(4)预煮:对去除囊衣后的果肉进行预煮使果肉分散,预煮温度:95~100℃,预煮时间:3-5min;
(5)护色:配置0.08-0.1%柠檬酸溶液,加入Vc0.04~0.06%作为护色液,将柚子肉放入所述护色液中备用;
(6)硬化:将柚子肉放入硬化液中进行硬化处理,时间为1~1.5小时,所述硬化液为0.12~0.18%氯化钙溶液;
(7)装罐:将硬化处理后的果肉与预先配置好的糖液按比例装罐,装罐后糖液中的含固量为40~60%;
所述预先配置好的糖液是由下述材料按下述比例配置而成: 15~20%白砂糖、0.03~0.06%β-CD、0.15~0.25%柠檬酸、0.015~0.025%甘草素、余量为水;
(8)排气密封:装罐后将罐加盖,并将罐内空气排气后密封;
(9)杀菌冷却:罐头灌装密封后码放在高压杀菌锅内,进行杀菌处理,杀菌温度为75~80℃,杀菌后要求在5-15分钟内快速冷却到35-40℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种琯溪蜜柚果肉饮料的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤(9)之后还包含步骤(10)储存:根据要求进行打检、擦罐、贴标、装箱、封箱后,将成品移至相应的成品储存室进行常温储存15天以上。
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