CN103931397A - Coastal constructed wetland used for water bird conservation and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Coastal constructed wetland used for water bird conservation and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103931397A CN103931397A CN201410155354.3A CN201410155354A CN103931397A CN 103931397 A CN103931397 A CN 103931397A CN 201410155354 A CN201410155354 A CN 201410155354A CN 103931397 A CN103931397 A CN 103931397A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coastal constructed wetland used for water bird conservation. The coastal constructed wetland comprises a pond unit, planting units, partitioning units and water level control units; wherein the pond unit is filled with pond water, the planting units are arranged on the periphery of the pond unit and partitioned through the partitioning units, and the water level control units are arranged in the planting units and used for adjusting water levels in the plating units. According to habitat characteristics of coastal paddy fields and requirements for the habitat of water birds, a foraging place and a concealing and inhabiting place of the water birds are constructed based on the paddy fields, so that the effect on water bird conservation of the coastal paddy fields is effectively promoted, and the quality of the inhabiting place for the water birds is improved. The invention further discloses a construction method for the coastal constructed wetland used for water bird conservation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to strand paddy field aquatic bird child care technical field, relate in particular to a kind of strand artificial swamp and construction method thereof for aquatic bird child care.
Background technology
Seashore wetland is the natural complex between terrestrial and marine ecosystems, is one of wetlands ecosystems that on the earth, productivity is the highest, bio-diversity is the abundantest, and the balance and stability of the world's ecosystems is played an important role.Seashore wetland provides a large amount of food and good habitat for aquatic bird, to the migrating of aquatic bird, survive the winter, breed and have very important effect.
In recent years, be subject to Global climate change and human production activity's impact, a large amount of seashore wetlands are degenerated gradually and are even disappeared, excessively short silt is enclosed and cultivated part seashore wetland is replaced by farmland especially paddy field, form large-area strand artificial swamp, had a strong impact on the birds child care function of seashore wetland.Aquatic bird is very harsh to the requirement in habitat, habitat, requires it must have sufficient food, has certain disguise, especially has certain water surface area and certain water level.Conventional rice field planting density is excessive, lacks open waters, and water level is too low, and has certain artificial disturbance, and many outstanding factors cause its aquatic bird child care effect poor.The aquatic bird child care effect that improves strand artificial swamp, the construction method of artificial swamp is particularly important.
The present invention is replaced by paddy field in order to overcome seashore wetland in prior art, the planting density of paddy field is excessive, water level is too low, lack open waters and hidden environment, perching of aquatic bird caused to the defect of adverse effect, proposed a kind of strand artificial swamp and construction method thereof for aquatic bird child care.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of strand artificial swamp and construction method thereof for aquatic bird child care.The present invention is the Habitat requirement to habitat according to the habitat characteristics of strand paddy field and aquatic bird; on the basis of paddy field, build looking for food of aquatic bird and hidden habitat; thereby improve the aquatic bird child care effect of paddy field; the diversity that increases strand artificial swamp aquatic bird group, reaches the coordinating and unifying of seashore wetland ecological environmental protection and resources.
The present invention proposes a kind of strand artificial swamp for aquatic bird child care, comprise unit, pond, planter units, partition unit and water level control module;
Unit, described pond Nei Guanyou Chi Shui, described planter units is arranged on the periphery of unit, described pond, and separates with described partition unit;
In described planter units, be provided with described water level control module, described water level control module is for regulating the water level of described planter units.
The strand artificial swamp for aquatic bird child care that the present invention proposes, the area of described strand artificial swamp is 100.0 mu.
The strand artificial swamp for aquatic bird child care that the present invention proposes, unit, described pond and described planter units area ratio are 1: 2.
The strand artificial swamp for aquatic bird child care that the present invention proposes, described pond is provided with at least one lug boss in unit, and described lug boss is higher than described pond water water surface 0.2-0.5m.
The strand artificial swamp for aquatic bird child care that the present invention proposes, the ratio of the area of the area of described lug boss and unit, described pond is 1: 4.
The strand artificial swamp for aquatic bird child care that the present invention proposes, is provided with at least two partition members in described planter units, described partition member is divided into a plurality of disjunct parts by described planter units.
The strand artificial swamp for aquatic bird child care that the present invention proposes, described partition member is soil property ridge.
The strand artificial swamp for aquatic bird child care that the present invention proposes, described water level control module comprises at least one water drainage part and water part; Described water drainage part is arranged in described planter units, and described water part is arranged on the periphery of described planter units, and described water drainage part is communicated with described water part, controls the water level of described planter units for discharging unnecessary water in described planter units.
The strand artificial swamp for aquatic bird child care that the present invention proposes, further comprises cofferdam, and described cofferdam is arranged on the periphery of described water part, and described cofferdam is provided with path, and described water part is communicated with external water source.
The construction method that the invention allows for a kind of strand artificial swamp for aquatic bird child care, it comprises the steps:
Cofferdam builds: construct cofferdam, divide strand artificial swamp; The area of this strand artificial swamp be take 100.0 mu as good;
Region builds: the pond of central authorities' excavation in described region, along periphery, described pond, partition unit is set, and region is divided into, be arranged on the unit, pond in described partition unit, and be arranged on the planter units outside described partition unit;
Pond cell formation: build the lug boss that at least one makes progress in unit, described pond, Jiang Chishui pours in unit, described pond, and described lug boss is higher than the pond water water surface;
Planter units builds: at least one partition member is set in described planter units, described planter units is divided into a plurality of disjunct parts; Partition member is soil property ridge, and spacing is 50.0-60.0m, planter units is divided into the pocket of approximately 5.0 mu of a plurality of areas, for rice cultivation.
Water part builds: in the periphery of described planter units, the inner side in cofferdam, offers water part, and described water part is communicated with external water source by the path arranging on described cofferdam;
Water drainage part builds: in described planter units, water drainage part is set, described water drainage part is communicated with described water part, and described water drainage part spacing is 5.0-10.0m, is convenient to accurately control the water level of place pocket;
Breeding and planting: in unit, described pond, cultivate aquatic animal of one's native land, on described lug boss, plant herbaceous plant of one's native land, rice cultivation in described planter units, paddy rice is unsuitable overstocked.
Beneficial effect of the present invention comprises: the present invention is a kind of brand-new structure, on the basis of paddy field, built the strand artificial swamp that applicable aquatic bird perches, kind and the quantity of paddy field aquatic bird have greatly been improved, effectively promoted the effect of strand paddy field aspect aquatic bird child care, reached the balanced development of economic development and ecological nursing, be easy to build and cheap, be convenient to management and promote, the structure of the artificial paddy field system of seashore wetland that to be applicable to take aquatic bird child care be object.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is for the floor map of the strand artificial swamp of aquatic bird child care in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is for the generalized section of the strand artificial swamp of aquatic bird child care in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the generalized section of unit, pond in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the generalized section of planter units in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the generalized section in water part and cofferdam in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is for the flow chart of the strand artificial swamp construction method of aquatic bird child care in the present invention.
Embodiment
In conjunction with following specific embodiments and the drawings, the present invention is described in further detail.Implement process of the present invention, condition, experimental technique etc., except the content of mentioning specially below, be universal knowledege and the common practise of this area, the present invention is not particularly limited content.
Consult Fig. 1, the present invention comprises unit, pond 1, planter units 2, cuts off unit 3 and water level control module for the strand artificial swamp of aquatic bird child care.
The interior filling in unit, pond 1 has Chi Shui, the aquatic animals of one's native land such as Chi Shuizhong cultivation fish, crab, spiral shell.The bottom of unit, pond 1 is provided with one or more lug bosses 11, and lug boss 11 is higher than the water surface of Chi Shui.On lug boss 11, plant the herbaceous plant of one's native land such as reed, Fischer grass, sedge, and lug boss 11 forms the land and water environment of depth of water gradual change, increased the heterogeneity in habitat, for dissimilar aquatic bird provides diversified habitat.Unit, pond 1 is arranged on the central authorities of planter units 2, and separates with planter units 2 to cut off unit 3.
Planter units 2 rice cultivations, paddy rice provides food for aquatic bird, and paddy rice can improve the disguise of unit, pond 1, has weakened the interference of mankind's activity to aquatic bird, is more conducive to perching of aquatic bird.The planting density of paddy rice is lower, facilitates aquatic bird to shuttle back and forth and looks for food.The inside of planter units 2 is provided with a plurality of partition members 21.Partition member 21 is divided into a plurality of mutual disjunct parts by planter units 2, thereby planter units 2 is divided into a plurality of pockets, is conducive to accurately control the water level in each pocket.Simultaneously partition member 21 provides the road of turnover strand artificial swamp for administrative staff.Partition member 21 is soil property ridge.
Planter units 2 is connected with water level control module, and water level control module, for regulating the water level of planter units 2, makes the water level in planter units 2 can meet the growth of paddy rice, and is applicable to different classes of aquatic bird for the demand of water level.Water level control module comprises one or more water drainage parts 4 and water part 5.Water drainage part 4 is arranged in planter units 2, and is communicated with water part 5, and water drainage part 4 can enter the water level of controlling planter units 2 in water part 5 by the interior unnecessary water of planter units 2.Water part 5 is arranged on the periphery of planter units 2, and water part 5 is communicated with external water source, and the water that water drainage part 4 can be discharged enters in external water source, simultaneously for planter units 2 provides sufficient irrigation water.
The periphery of water level control module is provided with cofferdam 6.Cofferdam 6 provides road for vehicles while passing.The bottom in cofferdam 6 is provided with a plurality of paths, and this path is communicated with water part 5 with external water source.
The specific embodiment of the present invention for the strand artificial swamp of aquatic bird child care is below provided, structure of the present invention has been further elaborated.
In this specific embodiment, the present invention is provided with unit, pond 1, planter units 2, cuts off unit 3, water level control module and cofferdam 6 for the strand artificial swamp of aquatic bird child care.The present invention is square area for the strand artificial swamp of aquatic bird child care, and its area is 100.0 mu.Except cutting off unit 3, water level control module and cofferdam 6, unit, pond 1 accounts for 1/3 of the whole artificial swamp gross area, and area is about 30.0 mu, and planter units 2 accounts for 2/3 of the whole artificial swamp gross area, approximately 60.0 mu.Elevation relation between following unit and parts as shown in Figure 2.
Unit, pond 1 is positioned at planter units 2 central authorities, and unit, pond 1 is open waters, and the bank slope gradient is 30 °, and its shape approximation is circular, pond water water level 0.2-0.5m.
Consult Fig. 3,1 inside, unit, pond arranges the lug boss 11 of 3 difformities, different area, and lug boss 11 is the interior habitat island that formed in unit, pond 1, and approximately 8.0 mu of the gross areas, account for 1/4 of unit, pond 1 area.Lug boss 11 is higher than the water surface 0.2-0.5m of unit, pond 1, and the bank slope gradient between itself and unit, pond 1 is 30 °.11, one of lug bosses are the sub-circular island that area is larger, approximately 5.0 mu of areas; Two other is the fusiformis island that area is less, approximately 1.5 mu of single areas.
The inside of planter units 2 is provided with a plurality of partition members 21, and partition member 21 is soil property ridge, but the invention is not restricted to utilize soil property ridge to separate planter units 2, also comprises the mode of other separation planter units 2.Partition member 21 is divided into 12 regions by planter units 2.Consult Fig. 1, partition member 21 is connected with partition unit 3, and the road of turnover artificial swamp is provided for administrative staff simultaneously.Partition member 21 is 1.0m with the width that cuts off unit 3, and partition member 21 spacing 50.0-60.0m are divided into planter units 2 pocket of approximately 5.0 mu of a plurality of areas, and pocket is for rice cultivation.
Consult Fig. 4, be respectively equipped with 5-10 water drainage part 4 in each pocket of planter units 2, according to it, arranging in region changes the quantity of water drainage part 4, and the spacing of water drainage part 4 be take 5.0-10.0m as good.In the present embodiment, water drainage part 4 is sunk type drainage ditch, and its bottom is lower than the ground level 0.4m of planter units 2, and the upper base width of water drainage part 4 is 0.6m, and the gradient is 70 °-80 °, the unnecessary water of planter units 2 can be entered in water part 5.
Consult Fig. 5, water part 5 is a flume, and itself and water drainage part 4 intersect vertically, and it goes to the bottom lower than planter units 2 ground level 1.0m, lower than water drainage part 4 0.6m that goes to the bottom.Water part 5 width of going to the bottom is 2.0m, and the gradient is 30 °.The both sides of water part 5 are provided with side slope 51, and side slope 51 gradients are 30 °, and its upper base width is 1.0m and higher than the ground level 0.5m of planter units 2.Water part 5 is communicated with external water source, and the water that water drainage part 4 can be discharged enters in external water source, meanwhile, can provide sufficient source of irrigation water for planter units 2.
The outer cofferdam 6 that is arranged with of water level control module, cofferdam 6 slope, the tunnel gradients are 30 °, cofferdam 6 upper base width are 5.0m and higher than the ground level 1.0m of planter units 2.
Test effect
Birds Nature Reserve, beach, Shanghai Chongming east, is positioned at the east of Changjiang River into sea mouth Chongming Island, is the important post house of East Asia-Australian migratory bird migration routes, has every year hundreds thousand of aquatic birds survive the winter or rest at this midway.Once in the test region of this protection zone, set up experimental field, and set up a plurality of strands of the present invention artificial swamp in experimental field, wherein the area of a strand artificial swamp is 100.0 mu.Follow-up investigation experimental field aquatic bird situation from October, 2012, the more Plovers snipe classes of number amount are observed in the experimental field that adopts strand of the present invention artificial swamp in the fall (in August, 2013-2013 year October), a small amount of umbrette, duck class etc., aquatic bird gross density is 643.0/hectare; (in November, 2013-2014 year January) observe a fairly large number of duck class in the winter time, a small amount of umbrette etc., and aquatic bird gross density is 140.0/hectare.Meanwhile, near conventional rice field follow-up investigation experimental field, (in August, 2013-2013 year October) are rarely seen in the fall measures Plovers snipe class, umbrette less, and aquatic bird gross density is 2.3/hectare; (in November, 2013-2014 year January) rarely seen a small amount of umbrette in the winter time, aquatic bird gross density is 1.0/ hectare.Visible, strand of the present invention artificial swamp has good aquatic bird child care effect, and especially more obvious to Qiu Ji Plovers snipe class and wild goose duck class child care in winter effect, wherein area is the aquatic bird child care best results of the artificial swamp of 100.0 mu.
Fig. 6 shows is for the flow chart of the strand artificial swamp construction method of aquatic bird child care in the present invention.Comprising following steps:
Step S1 cofferdam builds: in farmland, strand, construct cofferdam 6, zoning is used for building strand artificial swamp;
Step S2 region builds: the pond of central authorities' excavation in region, and along periphery, pond, arrange and cut off unit 3, region is divided into, be arranged on the unit, pond 1 cutting off in unit 3, and be arranged on the planter units 2 of cutting off outside unit 3.This partition unit 3 can prevent that the water in planter units 2 from entering unit, pond 1;
Step S3 pond cell formation: build at least one lug boss making progress 11 in unit, pond 1, Jiang Chishui pours in unit, pond 1; Lug boss 11 is higher than the water surface of Chi Shui, prevents that planter units 2 water levels from flooding lug boss 11 when too high;
Step S4 planter units builds: at interior at least one partition member 21 that arranges of planter units 2, planter units 1 is divided into a plurality of disjunct parts, is conducive to the accurate control of water level in each pocket;
Step S5 water part builds: in the periphery of planter units 2, the inner side in cofferdam 6, offers water part 5, and water part 5 is communicated with external water source by the path arranging on cofferdam 6;
Step S6 water drainage part builds: at the interior laying water drainage part 4 of planter units 2, water drainage part 4 is communicated with water part 5;
Step S7 breeding and planting: in unit, pond 1, the aquatic animals of one's native land such as cultivation fish, crab, spiral shell; On lug boss 11, plant the herbaceous plant of one's native land such as reed, Fischer grass, sedge, form the rational proportion of bare area and different elevation plants, increase the diversity in habitat, for aquatic bird provides of animal or plant nature food and hidden habitat.In unit, pond, 1 arranges gentle slope with the intersection of lug boss 11, forms gradient water level at edge, waters, for the aquatic bird creation of different water level preferences is looked for food, stop condition.At the interior rice cultivation of planter units 2, for aquatic bird provides food, Rice Cropping density is lower, and keeps certain water level, facilitates aquatic bird turnover.
Protection content of the present invention is not limited to above embodiment.Do not deviating under the spirit and scope of inventive concept, variation and advantage that those skilled in the art can expect are all included in the present invention, and take appending claims as protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. for a strand artificial swamp for aquatic bird child care, it is characterized in that, comprise unit, pond (1), planter units (2), cut off unit (3) and water level control module;
In unit, described pond (1), fill with and have Chi Shui, described planter units (2) is arranged on the periphery of unit, described pond (1), and separates with described partition unit (3);
In described planter units (2), be provided with described water level control module, described water level control module is used for regulating the water level of described planter units (2).
2. the strand artificial swamp for aquatic bird child care as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the area of described strand artificial swamp is 100.0 mu.
3. the strand artificial swamp for aquatic bird child care as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, unit, described pond (1) is 1: 2 with described planter units (2) area ratio.
4. the strand artificial swamp for aquatic bird child care as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, is provided with at least one lug boss (11) in unit, described pond (1), and described lug boss (11) is higher than the water surface 0.2-0.5m of described Chi Shui.
5. the strand artificial swamp for aquatic bird child care as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, the ratio of the area of the area of described lug boss (11) and unit, described pond (1) is 1: 4.
6. the strand artificial swamp for aquatic bird child care as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described planter units (2), be provided with at least two partition members (21), described partition member (21) is divided into a plurality of disjunct parts by described planter units (2).
7. the strand artificial swamp for aquatic bird child care as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described partition member (21) is soil property ridge.
8. the strand artificial swamp for aquatic bird child care as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described water level control module comprises at least one water drainage part (4) and water part (5); Described water part (5) is arranged on the periphery of described planter units (2), and described water drainage part (4) is arranged in described planter units (2); Described water drainage part (4) is communicated with described water part (5), controls the water level of described planter units (2) for discharging the interior unnecessary water of described planter units (2).
9. the strand artificial swamp for aquatic bird child care as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, further comprise cofferdam (6), described cofferdam (6) is arranged on the periphery of described water part (5), described cofferdam (6) is provided with path, and described water part (5) is communicated with external water source.
10. for a construction method for the strand artificial swamp of aquatic bird child care, it is characterized in that, it comprises the steps:
Cofferdam builds: construct cofferdam (6), divide strand artificial swamp;
Region builds: the pond of central authorities' excavation in described region, along periphery, described pond, arrange and cut off unit (3), region is divided into, be arranged on the unit, pond (1) in described partition unit (3), and be arranged on the outer planter units (2) in described partition unit (3);
Pond cell formation: build at least one lug boss making progress (11) in unit, described pond (1), Jiang Chishui pours in unit, described pond (1), and described lug boss (11) is higher than the pond water water surface;
Planter units builds: at least one partition member (21) is set in described planter units (2), described planter units (1) is divided into a plurality of disjunct parts;
Water part builds: the periphery in described planter units (2), and the inner side of cofferdam (6), offers water part (5), and described water part (5) is communicated with external water source by the upper path arranging in described cofferdam (6);
Water drainage part builds: water drainage part (4) is set in described planter units (2), and described water drainage part (4) is communicated with described water part (5), and described water drainage part (4) spacing is 5.0-10.0m;
Breeding and planting: cultivation aquatic animal of one's native land in unit, described pond (1), at the upper plantation of described lug boss (11) herbaceous plant of one's native land, rice cultivation in described planter units (2).
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| CN201410155354.3A CN103931397A (en) | 2014-04-17 | 2014-04-17 | Coastal constructed wetland used for water bird conservation and construction method thereof |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105638015A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-06-08 | 华东师范大学 | Method for recovering intertidal zone salt marsh wetland |
| CN106223260A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-12-14 | 广东中沃生态环境有限公司 | The remodeling method of strand aquatic bird ecological protection system and ecological protection system thereof |
| CN106277337A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-01-04 | 北京大学深圳研究生院 | A kind of base encloses fish pond Studies on Avian Habitat restoration of the ecosystem and nursing method |
| CN107318757A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-11-07 | 广东环境保护工程职业学院 | A kind of meiofauna habitat module and its construction method |
| CN107593509A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2018-01-19 | 广东环境保护工程职业学院 | The pony truss and its construction method that a kind of attraction Bai Wagtail Wagtail made using garden waste are bred |
| CN110984059A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-10 | 山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区管理委员会 | Construction method and application of coastal estuary wetland protection and restoration system |
| CN112674016A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-20 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Coastal artificial wetland ecological maintenance system and ecological maintenance method |
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| CN114067260A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-02-18 | 中国长江电力股份有限公司 | Device and method for monitoring influence of water level fluctuation of river-passing lakes on foraging behavior of migrant birds under influence of hydraulic engineering |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107593509A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2018-01-19 | 广东环境保护工程职业学院 | The pony truss and its construction method that a kind of attraction Bai Wagtail Wagtail made using garden waste are bred |
| CN110984059A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-10 | 山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区管理委员会 | Construction method and application of coastal estuary wetland protection and restoration system |
| CN112674016A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-20 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Coastal artificial wetland ecological maintenance system and ecological maintenance method |
| US20220174916A1 (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-09 | Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy Of Fishery Sciences | Ecological conservation system and method for artificial coastal wetland |
| CN113615495A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-11-09 | 南大（常熟）研究院有限公司 | Bird habitat restoration method based on eco-friendly planting |
| CN114067260A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-02-18 | 中国长江电力股份有限公司 | Device and method for monitoring influence of water level fluctuation of river-passing lakes on foraging behavior of migrant birds under influence of hydraulic engineering |
| CN114067260B (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2024-07-16 | 中国长江电力股份有限公司 | Device and method for monitoring influence of river-passing lake water level fluctuation on waiting foraging behavior under influence of hydraulic engineering |
| CN116029469A (en) * | 2023-03-30 | 2023-04-28 | 长江水资源保护科学研究所 | Gate control lake wetland water level determining method and device based on suitability of aquatic bird habitat |
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Application publication date: 20140723 |