CN113615495A - Bird habitat restoration method based on eco-friendly planting - Google Patents
Bird habitat restoration method based on eco-friendly planting Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/40—Culture of aquatic animals of annelids, e.g. lugworms or Eunice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological-friendly-planting-based bird habitat restoration method, which comprises the steps of establishing a restoration area, and performing the following steps in the restoration area: recovering the open water surface, wherein the area of the open water surface is constructed to account for 35 to 40 percent of the total area of the recovery area; restoring the paddy field, namely building the paddy field to be embedded on the open water surface and to be positioned in the edge area adjacent to the restoring area; the shoal is recovered, the area of the constructed shoal accounts for 5 to 10 percent of the total area of the recovery area and is positioned in the middle water area of the open water surface; recovering the marsh wetland, wherein the area of the constructed marsh wetland accounts for 3 to 5 percent of the total area of the recovery area and is distributed at the position of the middle water area of the open water surface sporadically; recovering the forest land, wherein the area of the constructed forest land accounts for 3-7% of the total area of the recovery area and is positioned around the recovery area; the benthonic recovery of fishes is carried out, and the introduction and the recovery of benthonic animals and fishes are carried out in open water areas. The invention simultaneously considers ecological benefits and economic benefits, and solves the problems of insufficient management expenditure and difficulty in sustainable operation and maintenance after the wetland is built.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological restoration, in particular to an ecological-friendly-planting-based bird habitat restoration method.
Background
The wetland is an important habitat for birds, and is an important place for birds to forage for inhabitation, activities and reproduction. However, under the background of increasing demand for land resources caused by rapid economic growth, large-scale reclamation construction projects in coastal areas of China cause large-area loss of coastal wetlands. The reclamation development and utilization mainly comprises agricultural development such as planting, aquaculture, forestry and the like. On one hand, the reclamation construction project makes important contributions to the coastal economic development, population pressure relief, dynamic balance maintenance of cultivated land and the like. On the other hand, excessive development and commercial utilization lead to wetland destruction in these water areas, large area reduction of coastal forests, threat of migration, survival and reproduction of wild birds, and lead to the imminent extinction of various rare wild birds.
In order to solve the problems, better recover bird habitats and provide space for migration, survival and propagation of birds, the prior art provides habitat environment for various common water birds through terrain transformation, substrate change and plant planting methods, constructs a wetland park bird island ecosystem suitable for foraging, perching and propagating various birds and provides a suitable ecological environment for wetland organisms. Although the direct restoration wetland can effectively construct the bird habitat, the original functions of the wetland are enhanced or maintained, the bird habitat can be continuously constructed and managed, and reasonable operation and maintenance are also needed. After a plurality of wetland restoration projects are completed, the wetland restoration can not achieve the expected function due to insufficient expenditure, and the problem of sustainable operation and maintenance of the wetland is solved to be a difficult point of wetland restoration work.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological-friendly-planting-based bird habitat restoration method, simultaneously gives consideration to ecological benefits and economic benefits, and solves the problems that management expenses are insufficient after a wetland is built and sustainable operation and maintenance are difficult.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an eco-friendly planting-based avian habitat restoration method, comprising establishing a restoration zone, and performing the following steps in the restoration zone:
recovering the open water surface, constructing the open water surface with the area accounting for 35-40% of the total area of the recovery area, and planting first submerged plants;
restoring a paddy field, namely building the paddy field, inlaying the paddy field on the open water surface and locating the paddy field in an area close to the edge of a restoration area, wherein the area of the paddy field accounts for 40-50% of the total area of the restoration area, and planting organic rice in the paddy field;
the shoal is recovered, the area of the built shoal accounts for 5% -10% of the total area of the recovery area and is positioned in the middle water area of the open water surface, and second submerged plants are planted on the shoal;
recovering the marsh wetland, wherein the area of the marsh wetland is 3 to 5 percent of the total area of the recovery area and is distributed at the middle water area of the open water surface in a scattered manner, and herbaceous plants are planted in the marsh wetland;
recovering the forest land, wherein the area of the constructed forest land accounts for 3-7% of the total area of the recovery area and is positioned around the recovery area, and arbor trees and shrub grass are planted on the forest land in a mixed manner;
recovering benthic fish, introducing and recovering benthic animals and fish in open water area, and introducing fish with density of 4g/m3～5g/m3。
As a further improvement of the invention, the elevation of the open water bottom is 2 m-2.5 m, the water depth is 1.7 m-2.2 m when the water level is 4.2m in summer, the water depth is 0.7 m-1.2 m when the water level is 3.2m in winter, the first submerged plants comprise Szechwan-style algae, potamogeton pectinatus, goldfish algae, foxtail, potamogeton crispus, sowthistle, malayan eyeweed and potamogeton linealis, and sporadic sod is distributed in the middle water area of the open water.
As a further improvement of the invention, the average bottom elevation of the paddy field is 4 m-4.2 m, the set water level is 4.5m in summer and 4.4m in winter.
As a further improvement of the invention, the distribution channels are arranged on the whole periphery of the paddy field, 70-90% of the paddy rice is harvested and sold in the paddy field every year for maintaining the basic operation of the recovery area and the basic economic needs of the original growers at the periphery, and the rest 10-30% of the paddy rice is used for providing food for the birds.
As a further improvement of the invention, the height of the shoal bottom is 3.1 m-3.2 m, the water depth is 1.0m when the water level is 4.2m in summer, the water depth is 0.0 m-0.1 m when the water level is 3.2m in winter, the second submerged plants comprise sowthistle, potamogeton crispus, golden fish algae and potamogeton crispus, and the shoal is flush with or lower than the open water surface in winter, so that the shoal can be exposed out of the mud shoal.
As a further improvement of the invention, the elevation of the bottom of the marsh wetland is 3.5-4.0 m, the water depth is 0.2-0.7 m when the water level is 4.2m in summer, and the water depth is 0.3-0.8 m higher than the water level when the water level is 3.2m in winter, and the herbaceous plants comprise cogongrass and pennisetum alopecuroides.
As a further improvement of the invention, the height of the forest land ground is 3.5-4 m, the water entering slope is 1:2, and the trees comprise metasequoia, privet, Chinese ash, Chinese tallow tree, salix matsudana and tamarix chinensis.
As a further improvement of the invention, the paddy field also comprises a patrol trunk road surrounding the recovery area and arranged between the open water surface and the forest land, and a management and protection road and a meeting node are arranged in each paddy field.
As a further improvement of the invention, the management and protection road is a gravel road with the width of 5m and the top elevation of 4.6-4.8 m.
As a further improvement, emergent aquatic plants are planted in a high water level area in summer, mollusks, arthropods and annelids are thrown in the high water level area in summer, and benthonic animals are thrown in the area of 1/10-1/7 of the total biomass calculated by the water area in summer and autumn.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a plot arrangement for restoring bird habitat based on eco-friendly rice planting, which can generate certain ecological benefit and economic benefit by implementing a wetland restoration mode of sustainable operation and maintenance: on one hand, the ecological system can be repaired, a rich habitat is built, the diversity of plant communities is improved, birds, habitats and foraging places of the birds are protected and recovered, wild animals and plants are increased, and a wetland system with complete biological net, rich landscape levels and good continuity and stability is gradually formed. On the other hand, the quality of the rice can be improved based on the environment-friendly ecological planting of the rice, and the basic operation of the ecological wetland and the basic economic needs of the original farmers at the periphery can be maintained by selling healthy ecological agricultural products to generate certain direct economic benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures illustrate: 1. a forest land; 2. opening the water surface; 3. paddy field; 4. swamp wetland; 5. shoal; 6. a water distribution channel; 7. and managing and protecting roads.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following figures and specific examples so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an ecological-friendly planting-based bird habitat restoration method, and on the basis of wetland restoration, a plot layout is designed through habitat modification and ecological restoration engineering to build a wetland micro-habitat suitable for birds to inhabit for breeding and overwintering birds, wherein a local production type wetland with a large proportion is planned for planting organic rice. The paddy field can be used as a good habitat for birds such as red-crowned cranes and the like. One part of the harvested rice is used for feeding the red-crowned cranes and other migratory birds, and the other part of the harvested rice is used for selling, so that the brand premium of products in project areas is improved through the ecological planting industry, the operation and maintenance of the production type wetland are supported by the profitability, and the balance of income and expenditure is gradually reached in the long-term operation and maintenance process.
The specific technical scheme is as follows: the main construction contents include open water surface recovery, paddy field recovery, shoal recovery, marsh wetland recovery, forest land recovery, road management and fish benthonic animal recovery.
And (3) recovering from open water: the area of the open water surface 2 accounts for 35-40% of the total area of the project area. The designed bottom elevation of the open water surface 2 is 2-2.5 m, the water depth is 1.7-2.2 m when the water level is 4.2m in summer, and the water depth is 0.7-1.2 m when the water level is 3.2m in winter. Planting submerged plants mainly comprising chuanwan algae, potamogeton pectinatus, goldfish algae, foxtail, potamogeton crispus, tape grass, malayan eyeweed and potamogeton crispus, wherein the chuanwan algae are widely distributed in salty water in temperate zone and subtropics and are only suitable for coastal areas. The open water area in the open water surface 2 can provide habitat for fishes and benthonic animals, inhabit and foraging for wild geese and ducks, and the grassland distributed sporadically in the middle can provide hiding and inhabiting places for wild geese and ducks and a large number of sparrow birds.
Restoring the paddy field: the paddy field 3 is inlaid on the open water surface 2 of the project area, occupies about 40-50% of the total area, and is located around the project area. The average bottom elevation of the paddy field 3 is 4-4.2 m, the designed water level is 4.5m in summer and 4.4m in winter. The whole periphery in paddy field sets up water distribution channel 6, conveniently irrigates the moisturizing fast. The water discharged from the paddy field 3 in the rice harvesting period directly falls into the peripheral lake water areas and is discharged through the peripheral river network water system. Organic rice is planted in the paddy field 3, fertilizer application and pesticide are not used, and an ecological planting mode is adopted. The common planting mode is as follows: the water level is low, the tadpole is not beneficial to survival in the late spring and dry season, the pests and the natural enemies thereof are killed frequently by using the pesticide, the biological diversity is low, and the food of the red-crowned crane is deficient. Bird-friendly ecological planting mode: the water level is high, the normal growth of tadpoles and the like is facilitated after the dead water period is prolonged, no pesticide is used, the biological diversity is high, and the red-crowned crane is rich in food. Harvesting and selling 70-90% of the paddy every year to maintain the basic operation of the ecological wetland and the basic economic needs of the peripheral original growers, and providing food for the birds such as the red-crowned cranes and the like by the remaining 10-30% of the paddy. The paddy field can also be used as a good habitat for birds such as red-crowned cranes and the like.
And (3) shoal recovery: the area of the shoal 5 accounts for 5-10% of the total area of the project area and is located in the middle water area of the project area. The designed bottom elevation of the shoal 5 is 3.1-3.2 m, the water depth is 1.0m when the water level is 4.2m in summer, and the water depth is 0.0-0.1 m when the water level is 3.2m in winter. Submerged plants such as eel grass, curly pondweed, hornwort, and pondweed are planted on the shoal 5. The shoal 5 is flush with or slightly lower than the water surface in winter, can expose the mud beach, provides the habitat for fish and benthonic animals, provides the foraging ground for the plophone, the gull, the luss.
Recovering the marsh wetland: the area of the marsh wetland 4 accounts for 3-5% of the total area of the project area, and the marsh wetland is distributed in the middle water area of the project area sporadically. The designed bottom elevation of the marsh wetland 4 is 3.5-4.0 m, the water depth is 0.2-0.7 m when the water level is 4.2m in summer, and the water level is 0.3-0.8 m higher than the water surface when the water level is 3.2m in winter. The marsh wetland 4 is planted with herbaceous plants such as cogongrass, pennisetum and the like, and can provide a hidden and inhabiting foraging land for wild geese, ducks and luts.
Regarding the above water level adjustment design: summer is the most flourishing season for aquatic vegetation growth, and in order to prevent high temperature in summer from damaging vegetation and for benthic and fish recovery, the water level is regulated to be high in summer and autumn, and only the ridge is exposed out of the water.
The paddy field is an important season for birds to inhabit in winter, and a layer of thin water is reserved in the paddy field, so that the abundant benthos and insect quantity can be kept in winter, and the overwintering birds can find food. The shoal and the marsh wetland are exposed out of the water surface, and the various terrains and plants attract birds to inhabit. Meanwhile, the season is the germination period of submerged plants and other hygrophytes, and the low water level is favorable for increasing the illumination in water and promoting the vegetation growth. The regulation of various ecological water levels can build different habitats of bird habitats and is suitable for the growth of aquatic plants.
Forest land recovery: the area of the forest land 1 accounts for 3-7% of the total area of the project area and is located on the periphery of the project area. The ground elevation of the forest land 1 is 3.5-4 m, and the water entering slope is 1: 2. The method adopts a planting mode of matching tall trees and short shrubs and mainly selects Chinese yew, glossy privet, Chinese ash, Chinese tallow tree, salix chinensis, tamarix chinensis and other plants. The forest land 1 can be used as a windproof forest, so that stormy waves on the open water surface 2 are reduced, the sight is shielded, the danger avoiding requirement of birds is met, and the tall arbor can also be used as a nesting forest of birds such as aigrens and cormorant.
And (3) managing and protecting the road 7: a patrol trunk road which surrounds the project area for one circle is arranged between the open water surface 2 and the forest land 1. In addition, an internal management and protection road 7(4m wide gravel road and 0.5m wide road shoulders on two sides) with the width of about 5m is arranged in each paddy field 3 wetland, and vehicle crossing nodes are locally arranged. The road top height is 4.6-4.8 m, the width is 4m, and plant maintenance and harvesting in the wetland in the later period of operation are facilitated. The road form can be sand road.
And (3) fish benthic recovery: after the configuration and recovery of the plants are completed, the introduction and recovery of aquatic animals are performed in the open water area. Among birds to be recovered in a project area, most birds prey on fishes and benthonic animals, and therefore some benthonic animals, fishes, and the like are pertinently kept. The breeding season is in the season with less birds, so that the birds can be prevented from preying on the breeding feed.
Among the fishes thrown in the project area, fishes with smaller body sizes are mainly thrown in, and can be eaten by birds after natural growth and propagation. The freshwater fishes such as crucian carp,
Grass carp and flower
Pseudorasbora parva, bighead carp, silver carp, erythroculter erythropolis, medaka, yellow catfish and the like. Planning the overall fish feeding density to be 4-5 g/m3And calculating according to the volume of the water body in summer and autumn. In a common breeding mode, the fishes on the open water surface are uniform in size, most of the fishes are large in size, and the fishes cannot be eaten by birds. Most of fishes are harvested in a dry pond, the fish harvesting time is related to market demands, and the fishes are not harvested necessarily when the birds fly in a migratory manner in winter.
This patent adopts the mixed mode of raising, and big and small fish all have, and some small fish can supply birds to seek food. In winter, most fishes are harvested, and a small amount of water and small fishes are reserved at the bottom and can be foraged by overwintering birds. In winter, birds are provided with food and the ponds are dried in turns. Aquatic products harvested after aquatic animals are put in the project area meet the standards of health, safety and environment, so that the brand and certification of aquatic products with the characteristics of the recovery area are formed, and more green choices are provided for citizens.
In the project area, in the high water level area in summer, a large number of emergent aquatic plants grow, and the area is suitable for living a large number of benthonic animals which feed on the plants, mainly a plurality of large crabs. Most of the whole project area is covered by aquatic plants, and a large number of snails and crabs which feed on the plants can live in the area covered by the aquatic plants. Therefore, mollusks such as viviparidae and conch living on the substrate surface, and mollusks, arthropods and annelids such as hyriopsis cumingii and eriocheir sinensis living under the substrate surface are thrown in the area. Estimated overall recovery density of 40-45 ind/m2Average biomass of 120-130 g/m2. And (4) calculating the water area in summer and autumn, putting benthonic animals into the water area to be 1/10-1/7 of the total biomass, and naturally recovering the rest.
The bird-friendly ecological breeding mode needs to pay attention to the following points in the operation process:
1) the installation of the bird repeller is forbidden.
2) Adopts a mixed culture mode. Several fish species are bred in the open water surface, and the breeding of a single species is avoided.
3) And strictly performing dry pond management according to bird inhabitation duration.
Carrying out round flow drying of the plover according to the partition condition in the ecological restoration engineering project area in the season of the plover migration flight, and ensuring the foraging requirement of the plover. The dry pond time was concentrated at 12, 1, 2 months.
Secondly, ensuring the pond to be dried in winter. In winter, the fish is harvested by drying the open water, and a large amount of fish and shrimps with small volume and low economic value can gather in shallow water in the open water. The part of the un-caught aquatic products can be used as food sources for birds, particularly large-scale aigrette.
4) The grass on the pond stems needs to be regularly trimmed from spring to autumn and used as natural fish food. The remaining short grass after grass cutting can be used as habitats of birds with smaller sizes, such as and ; it also attracts insects (such as chironomids) and their preys (such as bats and sparrow birds).
6) The water level of the shallow water area is slightly increased in winter, so that wild geese and ducks inhabit at night.
7) In order to prevent the growth of a large number of weeds, the wetland can be flooded in the germination stage of the plants in spring every year, so that the growth of some dry-grown weeds can be prevented. When the plants grew well enough to dominate in competition for weed growth, normal water levels were restored, a process of approximately half a month.
The invention is based on an eco-friendly approach for planting rice, protects and recovers birds in reclamation construction areas of coastal areas, habitats and foraging lands thereof, and effectively solves the problems of low cost and low operation and maintenance for wetland reconstruction by reasonably distributing the distribution of paddy fields and bird habitat areas.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An ecological-friendly planting-based bird habitat restoration method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of establishing a recovery area, and performing the following steps in the recovery area:
recovering the open water surface, constructing the open water surface with the area accounting for 35-40% of the total area of the recovery area, and planting first submerged plants;
restoring a paddy field, namely building the paddy field, inlaying the paddy field on the open water surface and locating the paddy field in an area close to the edge of a restoration area, wherein the area of the paddy field accounts for 40-50% of the total area of the restoration area, and planting organic rice in the paddy field;
the shoal is recovered, the area of the built shoal accounts for 5% -10% of the total area of the recovery area and is positioned in the middle water area of the open water surface, and second submerged plants are planted on the shoal;
recovering the marsh wetland, wherein the area of the marsh wetland is 3 to 5 percent of the total area of the recovery area and is distributed at the middle water area of the open water surface in a scattered manner, and herbaceous plants are planted in the marsh wetland;
recovering the forest land, wherein the area of the constructed forest land accounts for 3-7% of the total area of the recovery area and is positioned around the recovery area, and arbor trees and shrub grass are planted on the forest land in a mixed manner;
recovering benthic fish, introducing and recovering benthic animals and fish in open water area, and introducing fish with density of 4g/m3～5g/m3。
2. The eco-friendly planting-based avian habitat restoration method of claim 1, wherein: the elevation of the bottom of the open water surface is 2 m-2.5 m, when the water level is 4.2m in summer, the water depth is 1.7 m-2.2 m, when the water level is 3.2m in winter, the water depth is 0.7 m-1.2 m, the first submerged plants comprise Szechwan-style sprawl algae, potamogeton pectinatus, goldfish algae, foxtail, potamogeton crispus, sowthistle, malayan potamogeton malayanus and potamogeton lineatus, sporadic beaches are distributed in the middle water area of the open water surface, and fish are cultured in a mixed mode in the open water surface.
3. The eco-friendly planting-based avian habitat restoration method of claim 1, wherein: the average bottom elevation of the paddy field is 4 m-4.2 m, the set water level is 4.5m in summer and 4.4m in winter.
4. The eco-friendly planting-based avian habitat restoration method of claim 1, wherein: the whole periphery of the paddy field is provided with a water distribution channel, 70% -90% of rice is harvested and sold in the paddy field every year for maintaining the basic operation of a recovery area and the basic economic needs of the original planting households at the periphery, and the remaining 10% -30% of the rice is used for providing food for birds.
5. The eco-friendly planting-based avian habitat restoration method of claim 1, wherein: the height of the shoal bottom is 3.1-3.2 m, when the water level is 4.2m in summer, the water depth is 1.0m, when the water level is 3.2m in winter, the water depth is 0.0-0.1 m, the second submerged plant comprises eel grass, curly pondweed, golden fish algae and potamogeton crispus, and the shoal is flush with or lower than the open water surface in winter, so that the shoal can be exposed out of the mud shoal.
6. The eco-friendly planting-based avian habitat restoration method of claim 1, wherein: the elevation of the bottom of the marsh wetland is 3.5-4.0 m, the water depth is 0.2-0.7 m when the water level is 4.2m in summer, and the water depth is 0.3-0.8 m higher than the water surface when the water level is 3.2m in winter, and the herbaceous plants comprise cogongrass and pennisetum alopecuroides.
7. The eco-friendly planting-based avian habitat restoration method of claim 1, wherein: the height of the ground of the forest land is 3.5-4 m, the water entering slope is 1:2, and the trees comprise metasequoia, privet, Chinese ash, Chinese tallow tree, salix chinensis and tamarix chinensis.
8. The eco-friendly planting-based avian habitat restoration method of claim 1, wherein: the paddy field land reclamation system is characterized by further comprising a patrol main road surrounding the recovery area between the open water surface and the forest land, a management and protection road and a meeting node are further arranged inside each paddy field, the management and protection road is a gravel road and is 5m in width, and the top elevation of the management and protection road is 4.6-4.8 m.
9. The eco-friendly planting-based avian habitat restoration method of claim 1, wherein: the recovery method further comprises: performing pond drying management in a recovery area according to bird inhabitation duration, performing alternate pond drying according to the partition conditions in the recovery area in the plover curly flying season, and concentrating the pond drying time in 12, 1 and 2 months; in winter, the fish is harvested by means of leaving the water open.
10. The eco-friendly planting-based avian habitat restoration method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the method is characterized by further comprising the steps of planting emergent aquatic plants in a summer high water level area on the open water surface, throwing the mollusks, the arthropods and the annelid animals in the summer high water level area, and throwing 1/10-1/7 taking benthonic animals as total biomass by calculating the water area in summer and autumn.
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Application publication date: 20211109 |