CN110835202A - Restoration method for wetland ecosystem - Google Patents
Restoration method for wetland ecosystem Download PDFInfo
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- CN110835202A CN110835202A CN201911013092.6A CN201911013092A CN110835202A CN 110835202 A CN110835202 A CN 110835202A CN 201911013092 A CN201911013092 A CN 201911013092A CN 110835202 A CN110835202 A CN 110835202A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
Abstract
A method for restoring wetland ecosystem comprises optimizing an ecological water system, arranging an ecological revetment, increasing an ecological plant community, and arranging an ecological bird habitat; the ecological water optimizing system comprises the following steps: (1) establishing a sewage treatment station; (2) periodically purifying water; (3) coagulating and precipitating; (4) filtering; (5) and (5) oxygenation. The method for restoring the wetland ecosystem, disclosed by the invention, is simple, adopts ecological restoration, reduces the adverse effects of artificial control or other factors on the wetland, protects, restores and reconstructs the wetland ecosystem, fully exerts the natural productivity of the wetland, embodies the ecological functions of wetland purification, water body regulation and the like, improves the stability and heterogeneity of the wetland ecosystem, and maintains the balance of the wetland ecosystem.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecosystem restoration, and particularly relates to a restoration method of a wetland ecosystem.
Background
The wetland is regarded as the 'kidney of the earth' by scientists and is one of the most productive ecosystems in the world. According to statistics, the global wetland area is about 5.7 hundred million hectares, and the land area of the occupied ball is 6 percent. In the "Lasam wetland conservation convention", wetland is defined as a natural or artificial, permanent or temporary wetland, peat or water body with or without static or flowing, or fresh, brackish or salt water bodies, including water bodies with a depth of less than 6 meters at low tide. This definition is currently widely recognized and accepted.
The wetland is a natural transition zone existing between an aquatic system and the land, is considered as the most important life support system on the earth, and is called three global ecosystems with forests and oceans. At present, along with the frequent development of ecological problems in urban modernization, people find effective methods to relieve urban problems and improve ecological environment.
The natural formation process of the wetland is sequential and is changed rather than unchanged. The wetland ecology is slow and orderly, along with the promotion of the succession process, the wetland bottom is constantly heightened by organic matters and sediments, the lake water is reduced, and the aquatic plants and animals are changed along with the elimination of the excellence in the adaptation and selection. The wetland relates to the ecosystem circulation among animals, plants and microorganisms,
plays a great role in regulating climate, storing flood, preventing drought and maintaining biodiversity.
In recent years, many domestic wetlands face the problems of pollution discharge, wasteland cultivation, private excavation and disorderly construction and the like, and the ecological wetlands are directly degraded. Excessive artificial damage leads the biological diversity of the wetland ecosystem to be in a trend of sudden reduction, the ecosystem is more fragile, and the wetland ecosystem cannot be restored only by natural restoration at present. With the rapid development of modernization and the destruction of human behaviors, the development of human living environment and social economy will be affected. In order to better protect the wetland ecosystem and meet the requirements of protecting biological diversity and guaranteeing safety, artificial restoration of the wetland ecosystem is an effective method.
The Chinese patent application No. CN201810022938.1 discloses a method for restoring an offshore area wetland ecosystem, which aims to improve the survival rate of mangroves in offshore areas, thereby improving the ecological state of offshore areas wetland, in particular the improvement of coastal dynamics and sediment transport and deposition, achieving the purpose of restoring the offshore area wetland ecosystem, and having low universality and difficult popularization.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to provide a method for restoring a wetland ecosystem, which adopts ecological restoration, reduces the adverse effect of artificial control or other factors on the wetland, protects, restores and reconstructs the wetland ecosystem, fully exerts the natural productivity of the wetland, embodies the ecological functions of wetland purification and water body regulation and the like, improves the stability and heterogeneity of the wetland ecosystem and maintains the balance of the wetland ecosystem.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for restoring a wetland ecosystem is characterized by comprising the steps of optimizing an ecological water system, arranging an ecological revetment, increasing an ecological plant community and arranging an ecological bird habitat; the ecological water optimizing system comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a sewage treatment station: establishing a sewage treatment station beside the wetland, carrying out centralized treatment on the surrounding domestic sewage flowing into the wetland, and then discharging the domestic sewage into the wetland after multi-layer infiltration filtration;
(2) regular water purification: establishing a smooth water system on the wetland, assisting in extracting a water source in a mode of establishing a water source well in the wetland, replenishing and replacing the water quantity of the water body, and designing a sedimentation tank near a water diversion port; the water system seepage prevention in the wetland adopts cohesive soil for paving the bottom and protecting the bank;
(3) coagulating sedimentation: adding coagulant aid, coagulant, suspended matters and algae water into the sedimentation tank to combine with a flocculating constituent, wherein the flocculating constituent is deposited into a sludge hopper below the sedimentation tank under the action of gravity, and the sludge hopper is intensively cleaned;
(4) and (3) filtering: a filter device is arranged on the water diversion port;
(5) oxygenation: an air compressor is adopted to oxygenate the wetland through a pipeline.
Optimizing the ecological water system is an important basis for restoring the overall wetland ecosystem, and the ecological measures are taken on the wetland water system on the premise of ensuring the function of the wetland ecosystem so as to meet the requirement of ecological restoration.
Because wetland surrounding environment facilities generally lack a unified urban sewage pipe network, peripheral domestic sewage is discharged and dispersed, certain silting and pollution are caused, the condition of garbage scattering around the wetland is serious, the ecological damage to the wetland is serious, and the wetland sewage is subjected to centralized treatment and discharge treatment by establishing a sewage treatment station.
According to the current situation of the wetland, the substances mainly removed comprise suspended substances, organic pollutants, chemical pollutants and the like, and the pollutants can cause the eutrophication of the water body. A large amount of suspended matters and algae water can be treated by coagulating sedimentation, and a good purification effect can be achieved on the polluted water body. But the cost is low, and when the algae and suspended matters in the water body are less, the water body can be directly filtered. Not only can the sewage be discharged and the water be purified through filtering, but also the residual organic matters, inorganic nutritive salts, algae and suspended matters in the water body can be further removed through the filtering device.
Under the conditions of shallow water depth and sufficient sunlight, water bodies polluted by nitrogen and phosphorus are easy to generate algae, so that a deficient state is formed, and the habitat of the whole yellow river wetland is damaged. It is necessary to oxygenate the water body.
Further, in the method for restoring the wetland ecosystem, the filtering device in the step (4) is operated at intervals of 1-2 hours, and the operation time of each time is 1-2 hours.
Furthermore, in the method for restoring the wetland ecosystem, the filtering device is internally provided with a water purifying agent.
As the substances to be removed in the wetland comprise suspended substances, organic pollutants and chemical pollutants, the organic pollutants and the chemical pollutants cannot be removed by simple filtration. Therefore, the filter device is internally provided with the water purifying agent, suspended substances are filtered by the filter device, and the water purifying agent further removes residual organic pollutants and chemical pollutants in the water body.
Further, the method for restoring the wetland ecosystem comprises a preheating treatment in the step (2), wherein the preheating temperature is 100-200 ℃, electric heating is adopted, and the heating width is 50mm positions on two sides of the groove.
Further, in the method for restoring the wetland ecosystem, the water purifying agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of ferroferric oxide, 15-20 parts of persulfate, 14-18 parts of photosynthetic bacteria preparation, 14-18 parts of bacillus subtilis preparation and 14-18 parts of nitrifying (denitrifying) bacteria preparation.
The water quality purifying agent utilizes ferroferric oxide and persulfate to carry out degradation reaction on organic pollutants in a water body, the photosynthetic bacteria preparation, the bacillus subtilis preparation and the nitrifying (denitrifying) bacteria preparation have good degradation effect on ammonia nitrogen in water, the ammonia nitrogen degradation rate reaches 93.2%, and the effects of reducing the CoD value and the nitrite content in water and improving dissolved oxygen are obvious.
Further, the method for restoring the wetland ecosystem, which increases the ecological plant community, comprises the following steps: arranging submerged plants in a high water level area of the wetland, and arranging floating plants growing in a low water level area; emergent aquatic plants are arranged in shallow water on the shoreside of the wetland, terrestrial plants are arranged on the beach outside the wetland, and trees are arranged on the periphery of the wetland.
Further, in the method for restoring a wetland ecosystem, the submerged plants comprise hydrilla verticillata, hornworts and eel grass; the water-floating plant comprises water lily, duckweed and water hyacinth; the emergent aquatic plants include rhizoma Phragmitis, rhizoma Typhae, rhizoma Acori Calami, and herba Alii Fistulosi; the terrestrial plants comprise vetiver, nutgrass flatsedge, tamarisk and jasminum.
Further, the method for restoring the wetland ecosystem, which is provided with the ecological bird habitat, comprises the following steps:
(1) a plurality of ecological islands are added in the wetland;
(2) a plurality of water reservoirs are added on the outer river flood beach of the wetland.
A plurality of ecological islands are designed in the wetland, so that the habitat of birds and other organisms can be enlarged. The wetland system has the advantages that the water storage tanks are additionally arranged on the flood beach outside the wetland, the wetland system has the functions of water storage and flood weakening, a large number of water sources can be stored in the rich water period, the scouring force of water flow in the wetland on the opposite bank is reduced, a certain amount of water can be released in the dry water period, and a growing and breeding place can be provided for animals and plants.
Further, in the method for restoring a wetland ecosystem, the setting of the ecological bird habitat further comprises planting bird food-source plants; the bird food source type plant comprises fructus Lycii, semen glycines, semen Arachidis Hypogaeae, winter wheat, fructus Begoniae Evansianae, and fructus crataegi.
Plants meeting the conditions of birds for inhabitation and foraging can effectively provide inhabitation environment for various birds. Habitat plant diversity is one of the important factors affecting birds' choice of habitat. The bird food source type plant selects the medlar, soybean, peanut, winter wheat, crabapple and hawthorn berry plants which are favorite crops of birds, provides reasonable foraging plants for the birds, and builds a harmonious ecological natural circulation system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for restoring the wetland ecosystem, disclosed by the invention, is simple, adopts ecological restoration, reduces the adverse effect of artificial control or other factors on the wetland, protects, restores and reconstructs the wetland ecosystem, protects the wetland water body from being polluted, classifies and collects the surrounding domestic sewage and garbage, embodies the ecological functions of wetland purification and water body regulation and the like by regular water purification, coagulating sedimentation, filtration and oxygenation, increases the ecological plant community, sets the ecological bird habitat, fully exerts the natural productivity of the wetland, improves the biological diversity level, improves the stability and heterogeneity of the wetland ecosystem and maintains the balance of the wetland ecosystem.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific experimental data, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
The embodiment provides a method for restoring a wetland ecosystem, which comprises the steps of optimizing an ecological water system, arranging an ecological revetment, increasing an ecological plant community and arranging an ecological bird habitat.
The ecological water optimizing system comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a sewage treatment station: establishing a sewage treatment station beside the wetland, carrying out centralized treatment on the surrounding domestic sewage flowing into the wetland, and then discharging the domestic sewage into the wetland after multi-layer infiltration filtration;
(2) regular water purification: establishing a smooth water system on the wetland, assisting in extracting a water source in a mode of establishing a water source well in the wetland, replenishing and replacing the water quantity of the water body, and designing a sedimentation tank near a water diversion port; the water system seepage prevention in the wetland adopts cohesive soil for paving the bottom and protecting the bank;
(3) coagulating sedimentation: adding coagulant aid, coagulant, suspended matters and algae water into the sedimentation tank to combine with a flocculating constituent, wherein the flocculating constituent is deposited into a sludge hopper below the sedimentation tank under the action of gravity, and the sludge hopper is intensively cleaned;
(4) and (3) filtering: a filter device is arranged on the water diversion port; the filtering device runs at intervals of 1-2 h, and the running time of each time is 1-2 h; the water purifying agent is filled in the filtering device and consists of the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of ferroferric oxide, 15-20 parts of persulfate, 14-18 parts of photosynthetic bacteria preparation, 14-18 parts of bacillus subtilis preparation and 14-18 parts of nitrifying (denitrifying) bacteria preparation;
(5) oxygenation: an air compressor is adopted to oxygenate the wetland through a pipeline.
The method for increasing the ecological plant community comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging submerged plants in a high water level area of the wetland, and arranging floating plants growing in a low water level area;
(2) emergent aquatic plants are arranged in shallow water on the shoreside of the wetland, terrestrial plants are arranged on the beach outside the wetland, and trees are arranged on the periphery of the wetland.
Wherein the submerged plant comprises hydrilla verticillata, hornworts and eel grass; the water-floating plant comprises water lily, duckweed and water hyacinth; the emergent aquatic plants include rhizoma Phragmitis, rhizoma Typhae, rhizoma Acori Calami, and herba Alii Fistulosi; the terrestrial plants comprise vetiver, nutgrass flatsedge, tamarisk and jasminum.
The method for setting the ecological bird habitat comprises the following steps:
(1) a plurality of ecological islands are added in the wetland;
(2) a plurality of water reservoirs are added on the outer river flood beach of the wetland.
(3) Planting the bird food source type plants: the bird food source type plant comprises fructus Lycii, semen glycines, semen Arachidis Hypogaeae, winter wheat, fructus Begoniae Evansianae, and fructus crataegi.
In conclusion, by optimizing the ecological water system, the water quality of the wetland ecological system is guaranteed, and the reduction of the wetland area is avoided by arranging the ecological revetment; by increasing the ecological plant community, plant selection and collocation and plant community mode construction are reasonably carried out, and the problem of reduction of biodiversity is solved; the bird living environment is damaged: through setting up ecological birds habitat, safe range defines and provides a living environment of perching, breeding, foraging for birds, has solved the impaired problem of birds living environment.
The invention has many applications, and the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention. It should be noted that the above examples are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for restoring a wetland ecosystem is characterized by comprising the steps of optimizing an ecological water system, arranging an ecological revetment, increasing an ecological plant community and arranging an ecological bird habitat; the ecological water optimizing system comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a sewage treatment station: establishing a sewage treatment station beside the wetland, carrying out centralized treatment on the surrounding domestic sewage flowing into the wetland, and then discharging the domestic sewage into the wetland after multi-layer infiltration filtration;
(2) regular water purification: establishing a smooth water system on the wetland, assisting in extracting a water source in a mode of establishing a water source well in the wetland, replenishing and replacing the water quantity of the water body, and designing a sedimentation tank near a water diversion port; the water system seepage prevention in the wetland adopts cohesive soil for paving the bottom and protecting the bank;
(3) coagulating sedimentation: adding coagulant aid, coagulant, suspended matters and algae water into the sedimentation tank to combine with a flocculating constituent, wherein the flocculating constituent is deposited into a sludge hopper below the sedimentation tank under the action of gravity, and the sludge hopper is intensively cleaned;
(4) and (3) filtering: a filter device is arranged on the water diversion port;
(5) oxygenation: an air compressor is adopted to oxygenate the wetland through a pipeline.
2. The wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the filtering device in the step (4) is operated at intervals of 1-2 h, and the operation time is 1-2 h each time.
3. The wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 2, wherein a water purifying agent is filled in the filtering device.
4. The wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 3, wherein the water quality purifying agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of ferroferric oxide, 15-20 parts of persulfate, 14-18 parts of photosynthetic bacteria preparation, 14-18 parts of bacillus subtilis preparation and 14-18 parts of nitrifying (denitrifying) bacteria preparation.
5. The wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the ecological plant community increase comprises the following steps: arranging submerged plants in a high water level area of the wetland, and arranging floating plants growing in a low water level area; emergent aquatic plants are arranged in shallow water on the shoreside of the wetland, terrestrial plants are arranged on the beach outside the wetland, and trees are arranged on the periphery of the wetland.
6. The wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the submerged plants comprise hydrilla verticillata, hornworts and eel grass; the water-floating plant comprises water lily, duckweed and water hyacinth; the emergent aquatic plants include rhizoma Phragmitis, rhizoma Typhae, rhizoma Acori Calami, and herba Alii Fistulosi; the terrestrial plants comprise vetiver, nutgrass flatsedge, tamarisk and jasminum.
7. The wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the setting of the ecological bird habitat comprises the following steps:
(1) a plurality of ecological islands are added in the wetland;
(2) a plurality of water reservoirs are added on the outer river flood beach of the wetland.
8. The wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 7, wherein the setting of the ecological bird habitat further comprises planting bird food-source plants; the bird food source type plant comprises fructus Lycii, semen glycines, semen Arachidis Hypogaeae, winter wheat, fructus Begoniae Evansianae, and fructus crataegi.
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