CN103872895A - 用于功率转换器的控制器及其操作方法 - Google Patents

用于功率转换器的控制器及其操作方法 Download PDF

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CN103872895A
CN103872895A CN201310323454.8A CN201310323454A CN103872895A CN 103872895 A CN103872895 A CN 103872895A CN 201310323454 A CN201310323454 A CN 201310323454A CN 103872895 A CN103872895 A CN 103872895A
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S·钱德拉塞卡兰
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4225—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a non-isolated boost converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0009—Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于功率转换器的控制器及其操作方法。在一个实施例中，控制器包括与交错式开关调节器的功率开关的开关端子串联可耦合并且被配置为产生电流感测信号的电流感测设备。控制器也包括被配置为根据功率转换器的特性产生误差信号的误差放大器。控制器还包括被配置为在功率开关的占空比的中点处对电流感测信号采样并且根据误差信号和电流感测信号调节特性的占空比控制器。

Description

用于功率转换器的控制器及其操作方法
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及功率电子装置，并且更具体地涉及一种用于功率转换器的控制器及其操作方法。
背景技术
开关模式功率转换器(也称为“功率转换器”)是将输入电压波形转换成指定的输出电压波形的功率供应或者功率处理电路。功率因数校正(“PFC”)功率转换器包括功率链，该功率链具有一般跟随有调节和隔离级的PFC级。功率转换器耦合至电功率源(交流(“ac”)功率源)并且提供直流(“dc”)输出电压。PFC级接收(来自ac功率源的)ac输入电压的整流变型并且提供dc母线电压。调节和隔离级采用母线电压以向负载提供dc输出电压。可以采用包括PFC级以及调节和隔离级的功率转换器以构造“ac适配器”以从ac功率源向笔记本计算机等提供dc输出电压。
与功率转换器关联的控制器通过控制功率转换器中采用的功率开关的导通时段来管理功率转换器的操作。一般而言，控制器耦合于输入与输出之间或者耦合至与内部特性关联的端子，诸如反馈回路配置(也称为“控制回路”或者“闭合控制回路”)中的功率转换器的内部母线电压。
常常用两个交错的升压开关调节器构造PFC功率转换器，该电路配置时常被采用以减少输入和输出纹波电流以及为了满足电磁干扰要求而需要的滤波器的大小。也通常采用平均电流模式控制以调节诸如其内部母线电压或输出电压的功率转换器特性。控制升压开关调节器中的电流的平均值，诸如升压电感器中的平均电流，一般产生比控制升压开关调节器中的电流峰值更好的谐波失真和功率因数校正性能。
然而，用于控制形成有两个交错式升压开关调节器的PFC功率转换器中的电流平均值的常规技术一般在两个交错式升压开关调节器中产生不相等电流。不相等电流生成输入和输出纹波电流的更高电平，这降低PFC功率转换器的电磁干扰性能。
因而，在本领域中需要一种在形成有两个交错式升压开关调节器的功率链中产生基本上相等电流以避免现有技术中的缺点的控制器。
发明内容
技术优点通常由本发明的有利实施例实现，这些实施例包括一种用于功率转换器的控制器及其操作方法。在一个实施例中，控制器包括电流感测设备，该电流感测设备与交错式开关调节器的功率开关的开关端子串联可耦合并且被配置为产生电流感测信号。控制器也包括被配置为根据功率转换器的特性的函数产生误差信号的误差放大器。控制器也包括被配置为在功率开关的占空比的中点对电流感测信号采样并且根据误差信号和电流感测信号的函数调节特性的占空比控制器。
前文已经相当宽泛地概括本发明的特征和技术优点以便可以更好地理解本发明的以下详细描述。下文将描述本发明的附加特征和优点，这些特征和优点形成本发明的权利要求的主题。本领域技术人员应当理解，可以容易利用公开的概念和具体实施例作为用于修改或者设计其它结构或者过程的基础，这些其它结构或者过程用于实现本发明的相同目的。本领域技术人员也应当认识到，这样的等效构造未脱离如在所附权利要求中阐述的本发明的精神和范围。
附图说明
为了更完整理解本发明，现在参照与附图结合的下文描述，在附图中：
图1图示包括控制器的功率转换器的一个实施例的框图；
图2图示包括采用升压拓扑的示例性功率链的功率转换器的一部分的示意图；
图3图示形成有两个交错式升压开关调节器的功率转换器的实施例的示意图；
图4图示图3的功率转换器的示例操作参数的图形表示；
图5图示形成有两个交错式升压开关调节器的功率转换器的另一实施例的示意图；以及
图6图示图5的功率转换器的示例性操作参数的图形表示。
在不同图中的对应标号和符号除非另有明示则一般指代对应部分并且为了简洁可以在第一实例之后不再描述。绘制附图以图示示例性实施例的相关方面。
具体实施方式
下文详细讨论当前示例性实施例的实现和使用。然而应当理解，本发明提供可以在广泛多种具体情形中实施的许多可应用的发明概念。讨论的具体实施例仅举例说明用于实现和使用本发明的具体方式，并未限制本发明的范围。
将关于具体情形描述实施例，即用于功率转换器的控制器。尽管将在用于形成有两个交错式升压开关调节器的功率因数校正功率转换器的控制器的环境中描述实施例，但是可以从诸如功率放大器或者马达控制器的控制器受益的任何应用均在本发明宽泛的范围内。
起初参照图1，图示包括控制器110的功率转换器的实施例的框图。功率转换器耦合至ac电源，该ac电源由提供输入电压Vin的ac功率源代表。功率转换器包括由控制器110控制的功率链105。控制器110一般测量诸如其输出电压Vout或者内部母线电压的功率转换器的操作特性，并且响应于所测量的操作特性而产生栅极驱动信号GD以控制功率转换器中的功率开关的占空比D以调节占空比D。功率链105可以包括多个功率级以向负载提供调节的输出电压Vout或者其它输出特性。功率转换器的功率链105一般包括耦合至磁性设备以提供功率转换功能的多个功率开关。
现在参照图2，图示为包括采用升压开关调节器(例如PFC升压级)的示例功率链(例如功率因数校正(“PFC”)级201)的功率转换器的一部分的示意图。功率转换器的PFC级201在其输入从诸如ac电源的电功率源接收输入电压Vin(例如未经调节的ac输入电压)，并且提供调节的dc输出电压Vout(例如母线电压)。与升压拓扑的原理一致，输出电压Vout一般高于输入电压Vin，从而其开关操作能够调节输出电压Vout。主功率开关SA1(例如n沟道金属氧化物半导体(“NMOS”)“有源”开关)在主要间隔内由栅极驱动信号GD使能导通并且经过桥式整流器203将输入电压Vin耦合至升压电感器LB1。在开关周期的主要间隔D期间，电感器电流iin增加并且经过升压电感器LB1流至本地电路接地。一般升压电感器LB1形成有单层绕组以减少邻近效应以增加功率转换器的效率。
用于PFC级201的占空比在稳态下根据下式相应取决于输入电压与输出电压Vin、Vout之比：
D = 1 - V in V out .
在互补间隔1-D期间，主功率开关SA1转变至非导通状态，并且辅助功率开关(例如二极管DA1)导通。在可替换的电路布置中，辅助功率开关可以包括由互补栅极驱动信号控制导通的第二有源开关。辅助功率DA1提供通路以维持流过升压电感器LB1的电感器电流iin的连续性。在互补间隔1-D期间，流过升压电感器LB1的电感器电流iin减少并且可以变成零并且在一段时间内保持零导致“不连续导通模式”的操作。
在互补间隔1-D期间，流过升压电感器LB1的电感器电流iin经过二极管DA1(即辅助功率开关)流入滤波电容器CH中。一般而言，可以调整主功率开关SA1的占空比(和辅助功率开关DA1的辅助占空比)以维持PFC级201的输出电压Vout的调节。本领域技术人员理解，可以通过使用“缓冲器”(snubber)电路元件(未示出)或者通过控制电路定时将主功率开关和辅助功率开关SA1、DA1的导通时段分开短时间间隔，以避免它们之间的交叉导通电流并且有益地减少与功率转换器关联的开关损耗。在本领域中已知用于避免在主功率开关和辅助功率开关SA1、DA1之间的交叉导通电流的电路和控制技术，并且出于简洁不再进一步描述。升压电感器LB1一般形成有单层绕组以减少与邻近效应关联的功率损耗。
现在参照图3，图示为形成带有两个交错式升压开关调节器(第一和第二交错式升压开关调节器、参见例如图2的PFC级201)的功率转换器的实施例的示意图。可以采用交错式升压开关调节器以及调节和隔离级以构造“ac适配器”以从ac市电源(由输入电压Vin代表)向笔记本计算机提供dc输出电压Vout(例如19.5伏特)。
输入电压Vin耦合至四个二极管桥350以产生整流的输入电压。电容器CR是高频旁路电容器，并且滤波电容器CH对输出电压Vout进行滤波。包括有二极管DCH以防止在功率转换器的启动期间输出电压Vout的过冲(overshoot)。
第一交错式升压开关调节器形成有第一升压电感器LB1、第一主功率开关SA1和第一电流感测电阻器R1。第二交错式升压开关调节器形成有第二升压电感器LB2、第二主功率开关SA2和第二电流感测电阻器R2。误差放大器320感测与电力系统参考电压Vsystem比较的输出电压Vout以产生误差信号360。误差信号360耦合至比较器330的反相输入，该比较器比较误差信号360与跨第二电流感测电阻器R2产生的电流感测信号以产生平均电流信号370。由占空比控制器340采用平均电流信号370以产生栅极驱动信号GD2以控制第二交错式升压开关调节器的第二主功率开关SA2。类似地，误差信号360耦合至比较器335的反相输入，该比较器比较误差信号360与跨第一电流感测电阻器R1产生的电流感测信号以产生平均电流信号375。占空比控制器340采用平均电流信号375以产生栅极驱动信号GD1以控制第一交错式升压开关调节器的第一主功率开关SA1。
形成有控制器310的功率转换器以产生分别用于第一和第二交错式升压开关调节器的第一和第二主功率开关SA1、SA2的占空比D1、D2，并且相应地产生用于这些主功率开关的栅极驱动信号GD1、GD2。控制器310包括误差放大器320，该误差放大器具有耦合至参考电压Vsystem的非反相输入以及耦合至功率转换器的输出电压Vout的反相输入。在一个实施例中，误差放大器320的反相输入经过电阻分压器(未示出)耦合至输出电压Vout以产生输出电压Vout的缩放值。
误差放大器320的输出耦合至比较器330的输入和比较器335的输入，并且比较器330的另一输入耦合至第二电流感测电阻器R2。比较器335的另一输入耦合至第一电流感测电阻器R1。通过在第一和第二主功率开关SA1、SA2的导通(ON)持续时间(即在它们的相应占空比D1、D2期间)各自的中点对这些主功率开关中的电流采样来获得第一和第二升压电感器LB1、LB2中的平均电流。分别来自比较器330、335的平均电流信号370、375耦合至占空比控制器340。
控制器310使用占空比控制器340以产生用于栅极驱动信号GD1、GD2的占空比D1、D2，并且确定第一和第二主功率开关SA1、SA2的导通持续时间的中点。控制器310在第一和第二主功率开关SA1、SA2的导通持续时间各自的中点对这些主功率开关中的电流采样。通过比较来自两个交错式升压开关调节器的电流采样并且调整用于每个升压开关调节器相应的占空比来实现电流平衡。由于比较器330、335的不相等偏移、不相等的第一和第二电流感测电阻器R1、R2、以及在第一和第二交错式升压开关调节器的第一和第二主功率开关SA1、SA2相应的导通持续时间的中点处用于电流感测的定时不精确而不精确地实现在两个交错式升压开关调节器之间的电流平衡。
现在转向图4，图示为图3的功率转换器的示例性操作参数的图形表示。电流波形410代表第一升压电感器LB1中的电流，并且电流波形420代表第二升压电感器LB2中的电流。由占空比控制器340在持续时间为ΔTs的开关周期的开始时间460处启动用于第一交错式升压开关调节器的占空比，并且开关周期在结束时间475处结束。占空比控制器340在开关周期的中点465处启动用于第二交错式升压开关调节器的占空比。在点470处终止用于第一交错式升压开关调节器的占空比D1。在第一主功率开关SA1的占空比的中点430对该第一主功率开关中的电流采样。
在图4的上部的部分中图示了第一主功率开关SA1中的电流的电流波形440和第二主功率开关SA2中的电流的电流波形450。在图4的上部的部分中图示了由误差放大器320产生的用于比较器330的有效阈值电平480(在时间485处跨电流波形440)和用于比较器335的相应的有效阈值电平490(在时间495处跨电流波形450)。由于比较器330、335的不相等偏移、第一和第二电流感测电阻器R1、R2的不相等电阻、以及在第一和第二交错式升压开关调节器的第一和第二主功率开关SA1、SA2相应的导通持续时间的中点430、465处的用于电流感测的定时不精确，这些有效阈值电平480、490不相等。结果，主功率开关电流波形440、450的幅度不相等，第一和第二升压电感器LB1、LB2相应的电流的电流波形410、420的幅度也不相等，导致两个交错式升压开关调节器中电磁干扰的更高电平和元件不相等的发热。
现在转向图5，图示为形成有两个交错式升压开关调节器(第一和第二交错式升压开关调节器、参见例如图2的PFC级201)的功率转换器的另一实施例的示意图。应当注意，关于图5的功率转换器，与图3的功率转换器相似的单元不会再次描述。用第一升压电感器LB1和第一主功率开关SA1形成第一升压开关调节器。用第二升压电感器LB2和第二主功率开关SA2形成第二升压开关调节器。共同电流感测电阻器RS感测第一和第二主功率开关SA1、SA2的总计电流。功率转换器形成有控制器510以产生分别用于第一和第二交错式升压开关调节器的第一和第二主功率开关SA1、SA2的占空比D1、D2，并且相应地产生用于这些主功率开关的栅极驱动信号GD1、GD2。误差放大器520感测与电力系统参考电压Vsystem比较的输出电压Vout以产生误差信号560。误差放大器520的反相输入可以经过电阻分压器(未示出)耦合至输出电压Vout以产生输出电压Vout的缩放值。误差信号560耦合至比较器530的反相输入，该比较器比较误差信号560与跨公共电流感测电阻器RS产生的电流感测信号以产生平均电流信号570。由占空比控制器540采用平均电流信号570以产生占空比信号D1、D2以控制第一和第二主功率开关SA1、SA2。以这一方式，在主功率开关相应的导通持续时间的中点处从主功率开关电流的和获得采样。因此，控制器510使用占空比控制器40通过对第一和第二主功率开关SA1、SA2相应的导通持续时间的中点的电流采样来产生占空比D1、D2。
通过比较来自两个交错式升压开关调节器的电流采样并且调整用于每个升压开关调节器相应的占空比来实现电流平衡。用比较器530和公共电流感测电阻器RS实现在两个交错式升压开关调节器之间的电流平衡。如果限制第一和第二主功率开关SA1、SA2的占空比D1、D2小于50％，则在相应的占空比的中点获得的每个相应的电流采样代表来自相应的交错式升压开关调节器的电流。比较奇数编号的电流采样与偶数编号的采样，这将模拟-数字(“A/D”)通道的数目减少一个，从而产生改善的电流平衡并且提供更低成本的解决方案。
在一个实施例中，公共电流感测电阻器可以形成有两个电流感测电阻器，一个电流感测电阻器与一个主功率开关的开关端子串联，而一个电流感测电阻器与另一主功率开关的开关端子串联。两个电流感测电阻器在主功率开关的源极端子耦合在一起。在一个实施例中，使用电流感测变压器或者诸如霍尔效应设备的其它电流感测设备代替电流感测电阻器。因此，电流感测设备可以包括电流感测电阻器、电流感测变压器或者其它电流感测机制。
现在转向图6，图示为图5的功率转换器的示例性操作参数的图形表示。电流波形610代表第一升压电感器LB1中的电流，并且电流波形620代表第二升压电感器LB2中的电流。由占空比控制器540在持续时间为ΔTs的开关周期的开始时间660处启动用于第一交错式升压开关调节器的占空比D1，开关周期在结束时间675处结束。由占空比控制器540在开关周期的中点665处启动用于第二交错式升压开关调节器的占空比D2。在时间670处终止用于第一交错式升压开关调节器的占空比D1。控制占空比D1、D2从而使得第一和第二交错式升压开关调节器异相180度。在第一主功率开关SA1的占空比D1的中点630处对该第一主功率开关中的电流采样。
在图6的中央部分中，图示了第一主功率开关SA1中的电流的电流波形640和第二主功率开关SA2中的电流的电流波形650。由误差放大器520(图5中所示)产生用于比较器530的有效阈值电平680，并且在图6的上部分中图示。用比较器530和公共电流感测电阻器RS产生有效阈值电平680。结果，图6的中央部分中图示的电流波形640、650是基本上相等的幅度，第一和第二升压电感器LB1、LB2中的电流的电流波形610、620也是基本上相等的幅度。这产生两个交错式升压开关调节器中的更低电磁干扰电平和元件的基本上相等的发热。
在图6的上部分中图示公共电流感测电阻器RS中的电流的电流波形690。由于第一和第二主功率开关SA1、SA2中每个主功率开关的占空比D1、D2被限制小于占空比上限(例如百分之95)，产生时间窗695，在该时间窗期间在一个主功率开关的导通时间期间对它(或者其开关端子)的主功率开关电流采样时没有电流流过另一主功率开关(或者其开关端子)。因此，能够采用公共电流感测电阻器RS和单个比较器530以独立感测第一和第二主功率开关SA1、SA2两者的电流，由此消除不相等电流感测电阻器和具有不相等偏移的比较器的影响。
因此，本文已经介绍一种用于功率转换器的控制器及其操作方法。在一个实施例中，控制器包括电流感测设备(例如公共电流感测电阻器)，该电流感测设备与交错式开关调节器(例如交错式升压开关调节器)的功率开关(例如主功率开关)的开关端子串联可耦合并且被配置用于产生电流感测信号。控制器还包括误差放大器，该误差放大器被配置用于根据功率转换器的特性(例如输出电压)和参考电压(例如电力系统参考电压)产生误差信号。
控制器还包括占空比控制器，该占空比控制器被配置用于在功率开关的占空比的中点处对电流感测信号采样，并且根据误差信号和电流感测信号的函数调节特性。控制器还包括比较器，该比较器被配置为根据电流感测信号和误差信号产生平均电流信号。据此，占空比控制器被配置为产生用于功率开关的占空比的驱动信号并且根据平均电流信号控制功率开关的占空比。在一个实施例中，采样的电流感测信号代表在流过功率开关中的一个功率开关的开关端子的电流基本上为零时经过功率开关中的另一功率开关的开关端子的电流。在另一实施例中，用相对于交错式开关调节器中的一个交错式开关调节器异相180度的占空比来控制交错式开关调节器中的另一交错式开关调节器。
控制器或者有关方法可以被实施为硬件(实施在包括诸如专用集成电路的集成电路的一个或者多个芯片中)，或者可以实施为根据存储器由处理器(例如数字信号处理器)执行的软件或固件。具体而言，在固件或者软件的情况下，示例性实施例可以被提供为包括计算机可读介质的计算机程序产品，该计算机可读介质在其上实施用于由处理器执行的计算机程序代码(即软件或者固件)。
组成各种实施例的程序或者代码段可以被存储在计算机可读介质中。例如，包括存储在计算机可读介质(例如非暂态计算机可读介质)中的程序代码的计算机程序产品可以形成各种实施例。“计算机可读介质”可以包括可以存储或者传送信息的任何介质。计算机可读介质的示例包括电子电路、半导体存储器设备、只读存储器(“ROM”)、闪存、可擦除ROM(“EROM”)、软盘、高密度磁盘(“CD”)-ROM等。
本领域技术人员应当理解，仅出于示例的目的而提交一种包括包括定位于直线芯件上的U形芯件的磁性结构的功率转换器及其有关形成方法的前述实施例。尽管已经在功率转换器的环境中描述磁性结构，但是该磁性结构也可以应用于其它系统、诸如而不限于功率放大器和马达控制器。
为了更好理解功率转换器，参见以下文献：范诺斯特雷恩.菜因霍尔特有限公司，纽约，纽约(1985)，由Rudolph P.Severns和Gordon Bloom所著的“Modern DC-to-DC Power Switch-mode PowerConverter Circuits，”以及爱迪生·韦斯利(1991)，由J.G.Kassakian，M.F.Schlecht and G.C.Verghese所著“Principles of Power Electronics，”。通过引用将前述参考文献整体结合于此。
另外，虽然已经详细描述本发明及其优点，但是应当理解，这里可以进行各种改变、替换和变更而不脱离如所附权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围。例如，可以在不同方法中实施上文讨论的许多过程以及用其它过程或者其组合替换这些过程。
另外，本申请的范围并不旨在限于在说明书中描述的过程、机器、制造、物质组成、装置、方法和步骤的具体实施例。如本领域普通技术人员将从本发明的公开内容中容易理解的那样，可以根据本发明利用当前存在或者以后待开发的实现与这里描述的对应实施例基本上相同功能或者达到基本上相同结果的过程、机器、制造、物质组成、装置、方法和步骤。因而，所附权利要求旨在将该过程、机器、制造、物质组成、装置、方法或者步骤包括在其范围内。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于与形成有交错式开关调节器的功率转换器一起使用的控制器，包括：
电流感测设备，与所述交错式开关调节器的功率开关的开关端子串联可耦合并且被配置用于产生电流感测信号；
误差放大器，被配置用于根据所述功率转换器的特性产生误差信号；以及
占空比控制器，被配置用于在所述功率开关的占空比的中点对所述电流感测信号采样并且根据所述误差信号和所述电流感测信号调节所述特性。
2.如权利要求1所述的控制器，其中所述电流感测设备是公共电流感测电阻器。
3.如权利要求1所述的控制器，其中所述功率转换器的所述特性是输出电压。
4.如权利要求1所述的控制器，其中所述误差放大器被配置用于根据参考电压产生所述误差信号。
5.如权利要求1所述的控制器，进一步包括：比较器，被配置用于根据所述电流感测信号和所述误差信号产生平均电流信号。
6.如权利要求5所述的控制器，其中所述占空比控制器被配置用于产生用于所述功率开关的所述占空比的驱动信号并且根据所述平均电流信号控制所述功率开关的所述占空比。
7.如权利要求1所述的控制器，其中采样的电流感测信号代表在流过所述功率开关中的一个功率开关的开关端子的电流基本上为零时经过所述功率开关中的另一功率开关的开关端子的电流。
8.一种用于与形成有交错式开关调节器的功率转换器一起使用的方法，包括：
用与所述交错式开关调节器的功率开关的开关端子串联的电流感测设备产生电流感测信号；
根据所述功率转换器的特性产生误差信号；
在所述功率开关的占空比的中点处对所述电流感测信号采样；并且
根据所述误差信号和所述电流感测信号调节所述特性。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中根据参考电压产生所述误差信号。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法，进一步包括根据所述电流感测信号和所述误差信号产生平均电流信号。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，进一步包括产生用于所述功率开关的所述占空比的驱动信号并且根据所述平均电流信号控制所述功率开关的所述占空比。
12.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中采样的电流感测信号代表在流过所述功率开关中的一个功率开关的开关端子的电流基本上为零时经过所述功率开关中的另一功率开关的开关端子的电流。
13.一种功率转换器，包括：
包括第一功率开关的第一交错式开关调节器；
包括第二功率开关的第二交错式开关调节器；以及
控制器，包括：
电流感测设备，与所述第一和第二功率开关的开关端子串联可耦合并且被配置用于产生电流感测信号；
误差放大器，被配置用于根据所述功率转换器的特性产生误差信号；以及
占空比控制器，被配置用于在所述第一和第二功率开关的占空比的中点处对所述电流感测信号采样并且根据所述误差信号和所述电流感测信号调节所述特性。
14.如权利要求13所述的功率转换器，其中所述电流感测设备是公共电流感测电阻器。
15.如权利要求13所述的功率转换器，其中所述功率转换器的所述特性是输出电压。
16.如权利要求13所述的功率转换器，其中所述误差放大器被配置用于根据参考电压产生所述误差信号。
17.如权利要求13所述的功率转换器，其中所述控制器进一步包括：比较器，被配置用于根据所述电流感测信号和所述误差信号产生平均电流信号。
18.如权利要求17所述的功率转换器，其中所述占空比控制器被配置用于产生用于所述第一和第二功率开关的所述占空比的驱动信号并且根据所述平均电流信号控制所述第一和第二功率开关的所述占空比。
19.如权利要求13所述的功率转换器，其中采样的电流感测信号代表在流过所述第二功率开关的开关端子的电流基本上为零时经过所述第一功率开关的开关端子的电流。
20.如权利要求13所述的功率转换器，其中用相对于所述第二交错式开关调节器异相180度的占空比控制所述第一交错式开关调节器。
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