CN103819381B - 氮丙啶、哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的联合生产方法及装置 - Google Patents
氮丙啶、哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的联合生产方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及氮丙啶、哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的联合生产方法及装置。所涉及的方法包括:反应一,在环胺催化剂存在的条件下,以乙醇胺为原料反应制备生产哌嗪和三乙烯二胺;反应二,在催化剂B存在的条件下,以乙醇胺为原料反应制备氮丙啶;且反应一放出的热量作为反应二吸热的热源。所涉及的装置包括:用于进行反应一和反应一的反应物料与反应二的原料进行热交换的反应器一,用于进行反应二的反应器二。本发明采用同一种原料乙醇胺,能够联合生产氮丙啶与哌嗪和三乙烯二胺,将反应一所放出的热量用于反应二中物料的预热,实现上述反应热的耦合,有利于节约能量,提高装置的竞争力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化工技术领域,具体涉及一种氮丙啶与哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的联合生产方法。
背景技术
氮丙啶,又称乙撑亚胺,在医药、农药、高能燃料、键合剂、感光材料、交联剂等领域有着广泛的用途。哌嗪是重要的医药中间体和精细化工原料。三乙烯二胺是最重要的一种聚氨酯催化剂。
US4337175公开了一种用Nb或Ta氧化物与碱土金属氧化物(BaO)的复合氧化物催化剂生产乙撑亚胺的方法。以单乙醇胺为反应原料,在反应温度390~400℃,NH3作为惰性保护气反应,结果为转化率13.87%,乙烯亚胺选择82.09%,另外,还有少量乙醛、乙烯胺、吡嗪及烷基吡嗪生成。
EP0227461报道了一种含硅的催化剂,其元素组成为:Sia/Xx/Yy/Ob,其中X是碱金属或碱土金属中任一元素,Y是B、Al、Ti、Zr、Sn、Zn及Ce中的至少一个元素,下标a、b、x、y分别表示各元素原子比,当a=1时,x=0.05~1,y=0~0.1,b值由前三个值所确定。以单乙醇胺为反应原料,采用惰性气体(如NH3、N2或H2)稀释剂,乙醇胺/惰性气体=2~50%,反应一般在常压下进行,温度300~500℃,反应气体总空速最佳值为500~3000h-1。其中最佳乙醇胺摩尔转化率56.5%,氮丙啶摩尔选择89.1%。
现有技术中,哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的生产中,一般使用单乙醇胺,二乙醇胺,乙二胺、氨乙基哌嗪、羟乙基哌嗪等原料。
CN97123116.8公开了一种使用薄棉酸性减活化得沸石催化剂生产三乙烯二胺。反应原料使用单乙醇胺和哌嗪,在350℃,液时重量空速0.52h-1,转化率(mol)72%,TEDA选择(mol)30%。
上述资料文献分别提出了氮丙啶、哌嗪和/或三乙烯二胺的新途径,其反应过程均为酸催化反应,可以使用固体酸催化剂,两个过程的催化剂的特点存在很大差异,同一装置中不能同时联合生产氮丙啶、哌嗪和/或三乙烯二胺。
经检索,未检索到乙醇胺为原料进行氮丙啶与哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的联合生产方法的报道的资料。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺陷或不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种氮丙啶与哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的联合生产方法,以有效节约能量,同时联合生产氮丙啶与哌嗪和三乙烯二胺,装置竞争力强。
为此,本发明提供的氮丙啶、哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的联合生产方法,方法包括:
反应一,在环胺催化剂存在的条件下,以乙醇胺为原料反应制备生产哌嗪和三乙烯二胺;
反应二,在催化剂B存在的条件下,以乙醇胺为原料反应制备氮丙啶;
所述所述催化剂B组成为:催化剂组成为:TiaPbBcXdYeOf,其中:X为碱土金属,Y为碱金属,O为氧元素;a、b、c、d、e、f为各元素原子的摩尔比,且a=1,b=0.02~0.2,c=0.002~0.02,d=0.01~0.1,e=0.001~0.01,f值取决于a、b、c、d、e;
反应一放出的热量作为反应二吸热的热源。
优选的,反应一的反应温度为300℃~400℃。
优选的,反应二的反应温度为350℃~450℃。
优选的,所述催化剂B的制备方法包括:
将含有X的化合物、含有Y的化合物、偏钛酸、磷酸盐、硼酸混合均匀,加入石墨,压制成型后,先在氧气存在下,300℃~400℃条件下焙烧,再在600℃~900℃条件下焙烧得催化剂;
所述含X的化合物为X的氧化物、X的氢氧化物、X的卤化物、X的硝酸盐、X的碳酸盐或X的硫酸盐;
所述含Y的化合物为Y的氧化物、Y的氢氧化物、Y的卤化物、Y的硝酸盐、Y的碳酸盐或Y的硫酸盐;
所述磷酸盐为磷酸铵、磷酸氢二铵或磷酸二氢铵;
所述石墨用量是所述含有X的化合物、含有Y的化合物、偏钛酸、磷酸盐和硼酸混合物质量的1%~4%。
进一步,所述氮丙啶与哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的联合生产方法还包括产品的分离,分离方法包括:
将反应一的反应产物与反应二的反应产物混合;首先对混合流股进行闪蒸分离惰性气体氮气,其余产物流再进行蒸馏处理,蒸除氨,分离得到氮丙啶;最后进行精馏处理,分离得到哌嗪和三乙烯二胺。
针对现有技术的缺陷或不足,本发明的另一目的在于一种氮丙啶、哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的联合生产装置。
为此,本发明提供的氮丙啶与哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的联合生产装置包括:
反应器一,用于进行反应一和反应一的反应物料与反应二的原料进行热交换;
反应器二,用于进行反应二;
组合分离单元,包括:依次连通的闪蒸单元、氮丙啶分离单元和环胺分离单元,其中闪蒸单元用于分离惰性气体氮气;氮丙啶分离单元用于分离出氮丙啶;多胺分离单元用于分离出哌嗪和三乙烯二胺。
优选的,所述闪蒸单元为闪蒸塔,理论塔板数为1~3块,其温度为0~30℃,压力为0.5~2.5MPa。
优选的,所述氮丙啶分离单元为内部装填有规整填料的精馏塔器,理论塔板数为30~50块,塔顶温度为20~50℃,塔釜温度为150~280℃,压力为0.5~2.5MPa,进料位置为15~25块理论板,顶部采出气相氨气和其余氮气,侧线液相采出氮丙啶产物流,侧线采出位置为2~8块理论板。
优选的,所述多胺分离单元为内部装填有规整填料精馏塔器,理论塔板数为40~70块,塔顶温度为60~110℃,塔釜温度为150~180℃,压力为30~100kPa,进料位置为20~30块理论板,顶部采出乙二胺和水,在20~40块理论板侧线气相采出哌嗪产物流,在38~58块理论侧线采出三乙烯二胺与乙醇胺混合物,底部采出其余乙醇胺、氨乙基哌嗪、羟乙基哌嗪。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
本发明采用同一种原料乙醇胺,能够联合生产氮丙啶与哌嗪和三乙烯二胺,将反应一所放出的热量用于反应二中物料的预热,实现上述反应热的耦合,有利于节约能量,提高装置的竞争力。
同时,本发明能用于多种氨基醇为原料生产氮丙啶与哌嗪和三乙烯二胺生产中的热耦合生产工艺中。
附图说明
图1为氮丙啶与哌嗪和三乙烯二胺生产工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
以乙醇胺为原料,在环胺催化剂存在下,反应温度300℃~400℃,能够高选择生产哌嗪和/或三乙烯二胺,该反应(1)为放热反应;
乙醇胺原料在催化剂B存在下,反应温度350℃~450℃,能够高选择生产氮丙啶,该反应(2)为吸热反应,
采用乙醇胺为原料时能够实现上述反应热的耦合,同时采用同一种原料能够联合生产氮丙啶与哌嗪和三乙烯二胺,提高装置的竞争力。
本发明所使用的原料为单乙醇胺,也可以使用异丙醇胺、2-甲基氨基丙醇,还可以是其它氨基醇化合物。
本发明所用的环胺催化剂为CN102000602A公开的催化剂。
本发明的催化剂B优选:X为镁,Y为铯,b=0.2,c=0.01,d=0.1,e=0.01,f=2.62,或者,X为钡,Y为钾,b=0.05,c=0.02,d=0.1,e=0.01,f=2.27。
本发明所述的规整填料是指不锈钢丝网或板波纹填料。
利用本发明的生产装置进行反应的过程如下:
如图1所示,经预热的物料流股E,组成主要是乙醇胺、水,惰性气体氮气或氨气,进入第一反应器1,第一反应器1具有管程和壳程结构,其中管程装填有环胺催化剂,物料流股E在环胺催化剂存在下进行接触反应,该反应为放热反应,放出的热量通过第一反应器管程的管壁传导给壳程的物料预热,生成的产物流股F从第一反应器1底部排出,其包含惰性气体、水、氨,未反应的乙醇胺,产物哌嗪、三乙烯二胺及少量乙二胺、羟乙基哌嗪、氨乙基哌嗪,一并进入分组合离序列;
经预热的物料流股A,其组成主要乙醇胺,惰性气体为氮气,进入第一反应器1壳程,经过第一反应器1管程传导的热量而预热,排出壳程后经管线B进入中间换热器6进一步加热至一定温度后,经过管线C进入具有管程和壳程结构的第二反应器2,第二反应器2管程装填有催化剂B,物料流股C在催化剂B存在下接触反应,生成的产物流股D从第二反应器2底部排出,其包含惰性气体氮气、水,未反应的乙醇胺,产物氮丙啶,及轻组分乙烯胺,一并进入组合分离单元。
进入组合分离单元的反应产物流包含惰性气体氮气、氨、水、氮丙啶、未反应的乙醇胺,产物哌嗪、三乙烯二胺,及乙二胺、氨乙基哌嗪、羟乙基哌嗪,其在组合分离单元中分离,组合分离单元包含闪蒸单元3、氮丙啶分离单元4和多胺分离单元5,在氮丙啶分离单元4侧线液相采出氮丙啶产物流,在多胺分离单元5气相侧线采出哌嗪和三乙烯二胺。
以下是发明人给出的实施例,这些实施例是较优的例子,主要用于解释和进一步理解本发明的技术方案,本发明不限于这些实施例。
实施例1:
参考图1,反应过程(1):物料流股E流量为2876.34kg/h,经预热至330℃,进入第一反应器1管程,其中装填有环胺催化剂,物料流股E在环胺催化剂存在下进行接触反应,反应压力1.0MPa,放出热量为118kW,生成的产物流股F从第一反应器1底部排出,进入分离序列。
物料流股E质量百分组成为:
NH3:15.1%、MEA:71.3%、H2O:13.5%。
产物流股F质量百分组成为:
NH3:15.0%、MEA:24.0%、EDA:5.0%、H2O:27.0%、PIP:14.7%、AEP:2.6%、TEDA:10.3%、HEP:0.9%、不凝气:0.3%。
反应过程(2):物料流股A流量为13853.48kg/h,经预热至290℃,进入第一反应器1壳程,经过第一反应器1管程传导的热量而加热,温度升高至314℃,排出壳程后经管线B进入中间换热器6进一步加热至380℃,其加热功率为329kW,经过管线C进入装填有催化剂B的第二反应器2进行接触反应,反应压力0.1MPa,生成的产物流股D从第二反应器2底部排出,进入分离序列。
物料流股C质量百分组成为:
N2:17.9%、MEA:82.1%。
产物流股D质量百分组成为:
N2:82.1%、H2O:2.37%、氮丙啶:4.67%、MEA:9.84%、乙烯胺:0.35%、吡嗪及其衍生物:0.41%、其它:0.3%。
反应过程(1)放出的热量用于反应过程(2)所需的加热热量,共节约能量26.4%。
该实施例中,闪蒸单元3为闪蒸塔,理论塔板数为2块,其温度为20℃,压力为2.0MPa。
物料流股G质量百分组成为:N2:99.5%、其它:0.5%。
物料流股H质量百分组成为:
N2:4.1%、H2O:9.3%、氮丙啶:21.0%、乙醇胺:38.7%、哌嗪:12.0%、三乙烯二胺:8.3%、乙二胺:4.1%、氨乙基哌嗪和羟乙基哌嗪:2.2%、乙烯胺:0.35%
氮丙啶分离单元4为内部装填有规整填料精馏塔器,理论塔板数为45块,塔顶温度为23.3℃,塔釜温度为226℃,压力为2.0MPa,进料位置为18块理论板,顶部采出气相氨气和其余氮气,侧线液相采出氮丙啶产物流,侧线采出位置为3块理论板。
物料流股M质量百分组成为:
N2:93.2%、NH3:5.4%,氮丙啶:1.3%
物料流股N质量百分组成为:
氮丙啶:99.8%、其它:0.2%
物料流股Z质量百分组成为:
H2O:12.5%、乙醇胺:51.8%、哌嗪:16.0%、三乙烯二胺:11.1%、乙二胺:5.49%、氨乙基哌嗪和羟乙基哌嗪:3.0%
多胺分离单元5为内部装填有规整填料精馏塔器,理论塔板数为60块,塔顶温度为86.3℃,塔釜温度为149.4℃,压力为50kPa,进料位置为40块理论板,顶部采出物料流股12乙二胺和水,在30块理论板侧线气相采出哌嗪产物流,在48块理论侧线采出三乙烯二胺与乙醇胺混合物,底部采出其余乙醇胺、氨乙基哌嗪、羟乙基哌嗪。
物料流股P质量百分组成为:
乙二胺:30.3%、H2O:69.5%。
物料流股Q质量百分组成为:
哌嗪:99.1%、其它:0.9%。
物料流股R质量百分组成为:
三乙烯二胺:56.7%、乙醇胺:43.2%、其它0.1%。
物料流股S质量百分组成为:
乙醇胺:93.4%、氨乙基哌嗪和羟乙基哌嗪:5.3%,其它1.3%。
实施例2:
参考图1,反应过程(1):物料流股E流量为4183.02kg/h,经预热至330℃,进入第一反应器1管程,其中装填有环胺催化剂,物料流股E在环胺催化剂存在下进行接触反应,反应压力1.0MPa,放出热量为173.3kW,生成的产物流股F从第一反应器1底部排出,进入组合分离单元。
物料流股E质量百分组成为:
NH3:14.3%、MEA:72.0%、H2O:13.7%
产物流股F质量百分组成为:
NH3:14.5%、MEA:24.2%、EDA:4.3%、H2O:26.4%、PIP:15.4%、AEP:1.6%、TEDA:13.3%、HEP:无、不凝气:0.3%
反应过程(2):物料流股A流量为20333.3kg/h,经预热至290℃,进入第一反应器1壳程,经过第一反应器1管程传导的热量而加热,温度升高至314℃,排出壳程后经管线B进入中间换热器6进一步加热至400℃,其加热功率为618.3kW,经过管线C进入装填催化剂B的第二反应器2进行接触反应,反应压力0.1MPa,生成的产物流股D从第二反应器2底部排出,进入组合分离单元。
物料流股C质量百分组成为:
N2:17.9%、MEA:82.1%
产物流股D质量百分组成为:
N2:81.6%、H2O:2.58%、氮丙啶:4.62%、MEA:8.32%、乙烯胺:0.55%、吡嗪及其衍生物:0.82%、其它:1.51%
反应过程(1)放出的热量用于反应过程(2)所需的加热热量,共节约能量21.9%。
实施例3:
参考图1,该实施例的反应过程与实施例1基本相同,所不同的是物料流股E预热至360℃,物料流股A预热至300℃,进入第一反应器1壳程,经过第一反应器1管程传导的热量而加热,温度升高至329℃。
反应过程(1)放出热量224.3kW,中间换热器6其加热功率为348.3kW。
反应过程(1)放出的热量用于加热反应过程(2)的热量,共节约能量39.1%。
实施例4:
参考图1,该实施例的反应过程与实施例1基本相同,所不同的是物料流股E预热至340℃。物料流股A预热至280℃,进入第一反应器1壳程,经过第一反应器1管程传导的热量而加热,温度升高至321℃。排出壳程后经管线B进入中间换热器6进一步加热至400℃,其加热功率为468.2kW。
反应过程(1)放出热量198.9kW。
反应过程(1)放出的热量用于加热反应过程(2)的热量,共节约能量29.8%。
Claims (9)
1.一种氮丙啶、哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的联合生产方法,其特征在于,方法包括:
反应一,在环胺催化剂存在的条件下,以乙醇胺为原料反应制备哌嗪和三乙烯二胺;
反应二,在催化剂B存在的条件下,以乙醇胺为原料反应制备氮丙啶;
所述所述催化剂B组成为:TiaPbBcXdYeOf,其中:X为碱土金属,Y为碱金属,O为氧元素;a、b、c、d、e、f为各元素原子的摩尔比,且a=1,b=0.02~0.2,c=0.002~0.02,d=0.01~0.1,e=0.001~0.01,f值取决于a、b、c、d、e;
反应一放出的热量作为反应二吸热的热源。
2.如权利要求1所述的氮丙啶、哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的联合生产方法,其特征在于,反应一的反应温度为300℃~400℃。
3.如权利要求1所述的氮丙啶、哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的联合生产方法,其特征在于,反应二的反应温度为350℃~450℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的氮丙啶、哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的联合生产方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂B的制备方法包括:
将含有X的化合物、含有Y的化合物、偏钛酸、磷酸盐、硼酸混合均匀,加入石墨,压制成型后,先在氧气存在下,300℃~400℃条件下焙烧,再在600℃~900℃条件下焙烧得催化剂;
所述含X的化合物为X的氧化物、X的氢氧化物、X的卤化物、X的硝酸盐、X的碳酸盐或X的硫酸盐;
所述含Y的化合物为Y的氧化物、Y的氢氧化物、Y的卤化物、Y的硝酸盐、Y的碳酸盐或Y的硫酸盐;
所述磷酸盐为磷酸铵、磷酸氢二铵或磷酸二氢铵;
所述石墨用量是所述含有X的化合物、含有Y的化合物、偏钛酸、磷酸盐和硼酸混合物质量的1%~4%。
5.如权利要求1所述的氮丙啶、哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的联合生产方法,其特征在于,所述氮丙啶与哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的联合生产方法还包括产品的分离,分离方法包括:
将反应一的反应产物与反应二的反应产物混合;首先对混合流股进行闪蒸分离惰性气体氮气,其余产物流再进行蒸馏处理,蒸除氨,分离得到氮丙啶;最后进行精馏处理,分离得到哌嗪和三乙烯二胺。
6.一种氮丙啶、哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的联合生产装置,其特征在于,该装置包括:
反应器一,用于进行反应一和反应一的反应物料与反应二的原料进行热交换;
反应器二,用于进行反应二;
组合分离单元,包括:依次连通的闪蒸单元、氮丙啶分离单元和多胺分离单元,其中闪蒸单元用于分离惰性气体氮气;氮丙啶分离单元用于分离出氮丙啶;多胺分离单元用于分离出哌嗪和三乙烯二胺。
7.如权利要求6所述的氮丙啶、哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的联合生产装置,其特征在于,所述闪蒸单元为闪蒸塔,理论塔板数为1~3块,其温度为0~30℃,压力为0.5~2.5MPa。
8.如权利要求6所述的氮丙啶、哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的联合生产装置,其特征在于,所述氮丙啶分离单元为内部装填有规整填料的精馏塔器,理论塔板数为30~50块,塔顶温度为20~50℃,塔釜温度为150~280℃,压力为0.5~2.5MPa,进料位置为15~25块理论板,顶部采出气相氨气和其余氮气,侧线液相采出氮丙啶产物流,侧线采出位置为2~8块理论板。
9.如权利要求6所述的氮丙啶、哌嗪和三乙烯二胺的联合生产装置,其特征在于,所述多胺分离单元为内部装填有规整填料精馏塔器,理论塔板数为40~70块,塔顶温度为60~110℃,塔釜温度为150~180℃,压力为30~100kPa,进料位置为20~30块理论板,顶部采出乙二胺和水,在20~40块理论板侧线气相采出哌嗪产物流,在38~58块理论侧线采出三乙烯二胺与乙醇胺混合物,底部采出其余乙醇胺、氨乙基哌嗪、羟乙基哌嗪。
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