CN103814734A - Saffron crocus planting method - Google Patents
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- CN103814734A CN103814734A CN201410078055.4A CN201410078055A CN103814734A CN 103814734 A CN103814734 A CN 103814734A CN 201410078055 A CN201410078055 A CN 201410078055A CN 103814734 A CN103814734 A CN 103814734A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a saffron crocus planting method. The saffron crocus planting method comprises the steps of outdoor corm breeding: saffron crocus corm can be transplanted in an outdoor field in last November and can be removed from soil in next May; indoor bloom cultivation: from the middle of May to mid-to-end of June, seedballs are in a complete dormancy period, and the room temperature needs to be up to 30 DEG C and needs to be maintained for more than 20 days; from the end of June to the last ten days of July, the room temperature needs to be maintained in 23-28 DEG C, the relative humidity is 80%, the indoor environment is in sun shading, and the illumination is avoided; from August to the middle of September, the room temperature needs to be maintained in 23-27 DEG C, the relative humidity is 75%-85%, the indoor environment is in sun shading, and the illumination is avoided; from the end of the middle of September to the last ten days of October, white parts are presented by main sprouts of the corm, the room temperature is maintained in 20-25 DEG C, and the relative humidity is 80%; from the end of October to the middle of November, the room temperature is 15-18 DEG C, the humidity is 75%, and the indoor environment is not in sun shading any more. According to the saffron crocus planting method disclosed by the invention, the yield is high, the quality is good, and the economic benefit is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of croceous implantation methods.
Background technology
Safflower (Crocus sativus L.) another name safflower, Crocus sativus, be the perennial flowers of a kind of Iridaceae crocus, is also a kind of common spices.South-West Asia initial species, the earliest by Greek's artificial cultivation.Mainly be distributed in the ground such as Europe, Mediterranean and the Central Asia, import China when the Ming Dynasty into, Compendium of Material Medica is listed it in medicine and so on, Zhejiang Province, China etc., and there is plantation on ground.Be a kind of famous and precious traditional Chinese medicine, have powerful physiologically active, its column cap, has calmness, eliminates the phlegm as medicinal in Asia and Europe, spasmolysis, for the treatment of stomach trouble, menstruation regulating, measles, heating, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly etc.China's plantation only 5000 mu of left and right of safflower area, only account for 20% of market demand, always more in short supply.
The safflower of prior art adopts bulb separation method and seeding method breeding more, and yield and quality people from aspect haves much room for improvement.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome above shortcomings in prior art, and a kind of croceous implantation methods is provided, output is high, and quality better is good in economic efficiency.
The present invention addresses the above problem adopted technical scheme: a kind of croceous implantation methods, is characterized in that: be divided into and educate bulb and indoor culture is bloomed two stages outdoor accumulateing;
A. educate bulb outdoor accumulateing: November last year form corm of saffron move into the plantation of outdoor field, to May next year bulb play soil; Buried 10～15 centimetres of bulb, the too shallow growth later stage of burying easily exposes with soil layer surface and easily tanned severely by sun direct projection, dig out the form corm of saffron accumulateing after educating May next year, digs out the rear shady and cool air dry 9-10 days of place, bulb appearance earth naturally decorporate laggard enter indoor cultivation;
B. indoor culture is bloomed: be divided into full resting stage, assimilation leaf idiophase, flower bud differentiation period and flowering stage 4 growth and development stages:
C.5 to mid or late June, plant ball in full resting stage the middle of the month, room temperature should reach 30 ℃, and maintains more than 20 days, and kind ball resting stage just finishes;
D.6 month end to late July is the assimilation leaf idiophase, and room temperature should remain on 23～28 ℃, relative moisture 80%, and illumination is avoided in indoor sunshade;
E.8 the moon is flower bud differentiation period to mid-September, and room temperature should keep 23～27 ℃, relative moisture 75～85%, and illumination is avoided in indoor sunshade;
F.9 at the beginning of the middle of the month end to late October, be that floral organ forms the phase, bulb main bud shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and room temperature keeps 20～25 ℃, relative moisture 80%;
G.10 month end to a mid-November end is flowering stage, plucks flower mid-November, and room temperature is 15～18 ℃, relative moisture 75%, indoor no longer sunshade.
Bulb appearance earth of the present invention is gone up indoor screen frame (unit) tiling and is cultivated after naturally decorporating, upper and lower two screen frame (unit)s guarantee the space of 35～50 centimetres.
When mid-October of the present invention, remove lateral bud, when main bud growth, lateral bud, also in the growth of sprouting, disperses the nutrient of main bud, removes lateral bud, promotes that main bud growth is sturdy, blooms early, and filigree is also sturdy, improves flower production.
Mid-November of the present invention is while plucking flower, then sub-argument goes out 3 filigrees.First pluck flower again sub-argument filigree complete on the same day, ensure filigree quality.
The indoor culture of the present invention substrate composition used of blooming is northeast peat soil: loose squama=2: 1.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and effect: 1, output is high, and quality better is good in economic efficiency; 2, extended the growth cycle in breeding bulb stage, yield and quality improves a lot compared with the cultivation of land for growing field crops bare area; 3, after bulb results, land for growing field crops (or facility) can also plant one season the single cropping rice or other crops, do not affect grain and other crop production, increased economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of screen frame (unit) described in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that screen frame (unit) and shelf are placed described in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and by embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, and following examples are explanation of the invention and the present invention is not limited to following examples.
The embodiment of the present invention is divided into educates bulb and indoor culture is bloomed two stages outdoor accumulateing.
(1), educate bulb outdoor accumulateing: November last year form corm of saffron move into the plantation of outdoor field, to May next year bulb play soil, field requires draining unimpeded, not drought and waterlogging, plantation is to be strip; Buried 10～15 centimetres of bulb, digs out the form corm of saffron accumulateing after educating May next year, and excavation will keep the integrality of seed, avoids digging wound, digs out rear shady and cool place air dry 10 days, seed appearance earth naturally decorporate after the tiling of scalping shoe I; Screen frame (unit) I is sieve-like, comprises framework 1 and gas-permeable nets sheet 2, and framework 1 below is provided with gas-permeable nets sheet 2, and screen frame (unit) I, as for stacked the putting in shelf II upper strata, guarantees the space of 35～50 centimetres between screen frame (unit) I is upper and lower.
Before field planting, use sufficient base fertilizer, can use the fertilizer of plant produced, or farmers''s cake fertilizer, suitably add Controlled Release Fertilizer, can make later stage nutrient management be more prone to.Safflower root system is very responsive to salinity, in especially seedling stage, so upper strata 5～8cm matrix will reduce fertilizer amount, to avoid and burns seedling phenomenon.Fertilizer is mainly used middle lower floor matrix with.Enter vigorous period, should carry out in time nitrogen fertilizer application and composite fertilizer.After the beginning of spring, monthly use a composite fertilizer, execute altogether 3 times.Safflower is not liked large fertilizer, and large fertilizer can cause plant excessive growth lodging.Topdress and can spray or drip irrigation is used by face, or be directly sprinkling upon native face spray water again, accelerate fertilizer and dissolve and enter soil, in best nutritional growth conditions, promote bulbec to grow with plant.At soil when subacidity (being that pH value is below 5.6), can not application of phosphate fertilisers, main cause is phosphate fertilizer fluoride, notice that perphosphate fertilizer more should not use, no meeting causes that blade tip is dried-up, even withered when serious.Base manure is pressed the every ha of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer (15: 15: 15) 750 kg, and nitrogenous fertilizer insufficient section is supplied with urea.By each processing horizontal (outside Chu Gaofei district), compound potassium sulfate fertilizer and urea are all done to base manure is disposable to be applied, then in fertilizer rake being buried and harrow even, nitrogenous fertilizer is the every ha of 225-375 kg, blue or green clump rate mid-April of high nitrogen fertilizer is high by 10%, and high nitrogen fertilizer and middle nitrogenous fertilizer improve the single bulb weight of safflower and output indifference.Table covers straw processing: by all upper furrow faces of training of ditch mud, then sow mulching straw.Deeply cover straw processing: after sowing mulching straw, recurrence ditch mud is overlying on straw.Deeply cover blue or green clump rate mid-April and cover highly by 15. 8% than table, deeply cover straw, the wealthy length of blade and color depth, the later stage can significantly delay decline.Straw deeply covers average single ball and weighs 27. 6 g, and the average 23g of the ball that on average only has 23. 3 g(to sow that table covers), output increases by 16%, and the high output of nitrogen fertilizer amount that table covers increases by 10%, but nitrogenous fertilizer is on deeply covering without impact.
After bulb plantation, started to expand rapidly at the beginning of 2 months next year, plant that topdress for the 1st time should be in mid-January field, per hectare is executed rare dung polluted water 15 t or urea 325 kg; The 2nd time in early Febuary, and per hectare is executed concentration 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate liquid fertilizer 225 kg or rare dung polluted water 15 t; The 3rd inferior to sealing fertilizer 150～225 kg/hm2 at the beginning of 3 months, and spray blade face with concentration 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spray 1 time every 10 days, and continuous spraying 2～3 times, can increase bulb.The time of spraying rests in before the sun sets, sprays morning and affects fertilizer efficiency, sprays easy burning leaf afternoon.
(2), indoor culture blooms: safflower indoor culture is bloomed 6 months 5-November of experience, and indoor temperature is by low-Gao-low variation, be divided into full resting stage, assimilation leaf idiophase, flower bud differentiation period and flowering stage 4 growth and development stages:
Mid-May is to mid or late June, plants ball in full resting stage, and room temperature should reach 30 ℃, and maintains more than 20 days, plants ball resting stage just to finish (than prior art seven days ahead of time), if exceed 60 days and bloom minimizing.
Be to assimilate the leaf idiophase to late July by the end of June, room temperature should remain on 23～28 ℃, stops differentiation if exceed 30 ℃ of assimilation leaves; Relative moisture 80%; Illumination control is take secretly as main, and the envelope such as indoor abat vent hides door and window sunshade.
Be flower bud differentiation period August to mid-September, requires room temperature to keep 23～27 ℃, relative moisture 75-85%; Illumination control is take secretly as main, and the envelope such as indoor abat vent hides door and window sunshade.
At the beginning of mid-September end to late October, be that floral organ forms the phase (drawing the Sheng phase), bulb main bud shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and can suitably increase light luminance on daytime, make main bud growth elongated in case indoor light is too dark, impact is normally bloomed, and room temperature keeps 20～25 ℃, relative moisture 80%;
By the end of October to mid-November end be flowering stage, the suitableeest ambient temperature is 15～18 ℃, relative moisture 75%, room temperature exceedes 20 ℃, easily produces dead flower etching phenomenon.Indoor light can bright spot, and door and window is sunshade no longer.
The indoor culture substrate composition used of blooming is northeast peat soil: loose squama=2: 1.The northeast too high meeting of peat soil ratio causes porosity inadequate, affects root growth.The too high lack of water fertilizer deficiency that easily causes of the like fish scales example of pine, increases management difficulty.The loose squama market price is higher simultaneously, increases production cost.Although and perlite cost is low, after using, matrix porosity is low, root system gas permeability is not good, becomes direct economic loss.
Claims (5)
1. a croceous implantation methods, is characterized in that: be divided into and educate bulb and indoor culture is bloomed two stages outdoor accumulateing;
A. educate bulb outdoor accumulateing: November last year form corm of saffron move into the plantation of outdoor field, to May next year bulb play soil; Buried 10～15 centimetres of bulb, dig out the form corm of saffron accumulateing after educating May next year, digs out rear shady and cool place air dry 10 days, bulb appearance earth naturally decorporate laggard enter indoor cultivation;
B. indoor culture is bloomed: be divided into full resting stage, assimilation leaf idiophase, flower bud differentiation period and flowering stage 4 growth and development stages:
C.5 to mid or late June, plant ball in full resting stage the middle of the month, room temperature should reach 30 ℃, and maintains more than 20 days, and kind ball resting stage just finishes;
D.6 month end to late July is the assimilation leaf idiophase, and room temperature should remain on 23～28 ℃, relative moisture 80%, and illumination is avoided in indoor sunshade;
E.8 the moon is flower bud differentiation period to mid-September, and room temperature should keep 23～27 ℃, relative moisture 75～85%, and illumination is avoided in indoor sunshade;
F.9 at the beginning of the middle of the month end to late October, be that floral organ forms the phase, bulb main bud shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and room temperature keeps 20～25 ℃, relative moisture 80%;
G.10 month end to a mid-November end is flowering stage, plucks flower mid-November, and room temperature is 15～18 ℃, relative moisture 75%, indoor no longer sunshade.
2. croceous implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: bulb appearance earth is gone up indoor screen frame (unit) tiling and cultivated after naturally decorporating, upper and lower two screen frame (unit)s guarantee the space of 35～50 centimetres.
3. croceous implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when mid-October, remove lateral bud.
4. croceous implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: mid-November is while plucking flower, then sub-argument goes out 3 filigrees.
5. croceous implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the indoor culture substrate composition used of blooming is northeast peat soil: loose squama=2: 1.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104054483A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2014-09-24 | 丽江永胜边屯食尚养生园有限公司 | Safflower planting method |
| CN104782368A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-22 | 济宁森立生物科技有限公司 | Saffron crocus corm propagation method |
| CN105284375A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-02-03 | 嘉兴市秀洲区天禾藏红花专业合作社 | Planting method for Crocus sativus L |
| CN105961011A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-09-28 | 江苏丰收大地种业发展有限公司 | Planting method for saffron crocus tissue culture micro bulbotubers |
| CN106171287A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-07 | 湖州市中心医院 | A kind of Stigma Croci collection improving saffron glucoside content and processing method |
| CN106171398A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-12-07 | 湖南农业大学 | The artificial cultivation method that a kind of Stigma Croci indoor culture is bloomed |
| CN106376322A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-08 | 湖州市中心医院 | Saffron crocus seedball propagation method |
| CN106417362A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-02-22 | 江苏禾富农业科技发展有限公司 | Growth regulation agent capable of promoting saffron crocus carmus expansion and application method thereof |
| CN107347401A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-11-17 | 界首市康泽家庭农场 | A kind of underwood planting method of safron |
| CN109479656A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-03-19 | 嘉兴职业技术学院 | A kind of production and processing method of west safflower |
| CN111083964A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-05-01 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for preventing and treating stigma croci Sativi corm rot |
| CN112931012A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-11 | 南京林业大学 | Leaf-used ginkgo ridge culture planting method |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104054483A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2014-09-24 | 丽江永胜边屯食尚养生园有限公司 | Safflower planting method |
| CN104782368A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-22 | 济宁森立生物科技有限公司 | Saffron crocus corm propagation method |
| CN105284375A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-02-03 | 嘉兴市秀洲区天禾藏红花专业合作社 | Planting method for Crocus sativus L |
| CN105961011A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-09-28 | 江苏丰收大地种业发展有限公司 | Planting method for saffron crocus tissue culture micro bulbotubers |
| CN106171398A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-12-07 | 湖南农业大学 | The artificial cultivation method that a kind of Stigma Croci indoor culture is bloomed |
| CN106376322A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-08 | 湖州市中心医院 | Saffron crocus seedball propagation method |
| CN106171287A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-07 | 湖州市中心医院 | A kind of Stigma Croci collection improving saffron glucoside content and processing method |
| CN106171287B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-05-11 | 湖州市中心医院 | A kind of safflower collection for improving saffron glucoside content and processing method |
| CN106417362A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-02-22 | 江苏禾富农业科技发展有限公司 | Growth regulation agent capable of promoting saffron crocus carmus expansion and application method thereof |
| CN107347401A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-11-17 | 界首市康泽家庭农场 | A kind of underwood planting method of safron |
| CN109479656A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-03-19 | 嘉兴职业技术学院 | A kind of production and processing method of west safflower |
| CN111083964A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-05-01 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for preventing and treating stigma croci Sativi corm rot |
| CN112931012A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-11 | 南京林业大学 | Leaf-used ginkgo ridge culture planting method |
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Application publication date: 20140528 |