CN101904267A - Sinkiang saffron planting technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to technical field of traditional Chinese medicines.The present invention relates to a kind of Sinkiang saffron planting technology.Planting technology of the present invention has solved the low problem of west safflower bulb breeding rate, has realized the non-polluted planting of west safflower, adopts the west safflower quality of the technology of the present invention plantation to be up to state standards, and heavy metal and pesticide remnant meets international standards.The ratio that output can reach dried flower output and bulb input amount is more than 1: 1000.

Description

Sinkiang saffron planting technology

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of traditional Chinese medicines.

Background technology

West safflower another name safflower, Crocus sativus are Iridaceae crocus plant Crocus sativus Crocus sativus L, and China is always from western countries' import, so cry west safflower in history.China import west safflower is to import interior ground into through Tibet from India, so be safflower again, has another name called Crocus sativus.West safflower originates in Mediterranean coastwise contries and areas, Asia Minor such as Spain, Holland, Germany, France, Italy, Greece, Iran, and also there is cultivation in states such as India and Japan, and Iranian safflower accounts for about 75% of world wide production.

As the high-grade raw material of famous and precious medicinal material and medicine, health products, cosmetics, food flavor, the market prospects light of west safflower, trend is good.Along with the expansion of people to the deep and west safflower application of west safflower understanding, the price of west safflower soars, under the stimulation of the market demand, since two thousand one, west safflower market price continuous rise, by original 0.8 ten thousand yuan/kilogram, rise to 4.0 ten thousand yuan/kilogram of 2010, amount of increase reaches 400%.Because the output of west safflower is not high, homemade west safflower holds at high price, and every mu of economic benefit is equivalent to general economic crops 4-6 doubly, and economic benefit is very remarkable.In order to meet the need of market, simultaneously, for the poverty-stricken area peasant opens up a new road of getting wealth, the present invention works out a kind of Sinkiang saffron artificial planting technique through for many years field trial.

West safflower chromosome is triploid, and the pollen abortion height is not tied seed after blooming, and therefore, adopts vegetative method to solve kind of a bulb source in the production.China begins introduction and Experiment in nineteen sixty-five, now in Shanghai, 22 provinces successful introduction such as Zhejiang, Henan, Beijing, Xinjiang.Because the specification requirement of west safflower growing and cultivation is than higher, past, much province, municipal peasant planted west safflower, but because of not understanding scientific management, make the west safflower bulb long more more little, Hua Yuekai is few more, and per mu yield is more and more lower, abandons plantation because of no benefit mostly, trace it to its cause, key is the inreal grasp of the raising technology of bulb.

The object of the invention is, the Sinkiang saffron planting technology that works out at first, according to the nutritional characteristic of west safflower and the feeder capability of soil, adopts and surveys native formula technique, rationally uses sufficient base manure.Secondly, adopt direct sowing method, the west safflower bulb is early taken root, be beneficial to bulb and breed.At last, the vegetative stage different according to the west safflower bulb pressed the fertilising of variety classes and quantity stage, satisfy the growth needs of bulb, guarantee the reproduction rate of bulb, prevent the bulb degeneration, it is long more more little to have solved the west safflower bulb, and Hua Yuekai is few more, the problem that per mu yield is more and more lower.

Summary of the invention

The present invention relates to a kind of Sinkiang saffron planting technology, especially the technology of breeding at the west safflower bulb.

Sinkiang saffron planting technology of the present invention, press routine step and carry out:

The soil of a, the soil of selecting to meet national non-polluted planting standard, atmosphere, water quality is as planting site.

B, adopt to survey native formula technique, basal dressing is executed 4000 kilograms of farmyard manures for every mu, 50 kilograms of superphosphate, and 20 kilograms in potassium chloride, 30 kilograms of purity nitrogens are ploughed deeply and are buried, and rake is even, makes the furrow of wide 1.3-1.5 rice, high 20 centimetres, furrow spacing 30～40cm.

C, in late August, the check bulb, the above bulb of 10 grams soak seed 2 hours with 1: 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, dried, and rejected lateral bud, the following bulb of 15 grams stays a main bud, the 15-25 gram stays 2 of terminal buds, 25 stay 3 of terminal buds more than restraining.

D, early September, adopt the direct sowing method plantation, the bulb behind the bud of soaking seed, pick is planted in the land for growing field crops.Drilling on the furrow that perform, is pressed line-spacing 15-20 centimetre, opens 6-8 centimetre of dark ditch, by spacing in the rows 10-15 centimetre bulb is put into ditch, and main bud makes progress, and earthing in time irrigates normal root water, every mu of 400kg after planting.

E, late October to early November pick flowers, and the standard of picking flowers is: perianth stretches, and cylindrical fireworks launch.Every day, collecting time was a 8-10 point in morning.

F, field management,

1) in time water, water to keep ground moistening, ponding is not principle.

2) fertilising

1. the short root fertilizer that comes into leaves: mid-December, every mu of cow dung or chicken manure of using 250kg waters.

2. cured fertilizer: mid-January next year, every mu of cow dung or chicken manure of using 1500kg waters.

3. the weightening finish of bulbec stem is fertile: mid or late Febuary, every mu of cow dung or chicken manure of using 1200kg waters.

4. spray leaf fertilizer: mid-February, west safflower grew into the vigorous stage to March, every 10-15 days, sprayed 0.3% urea and added 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time, connected and sprayed 2～3 times.

3) weeding in time.

G, adopt back strip off petal, take out gynoecium style and column cap, oven dry is in time spread out and is put the ventilation dry in the shade on blank sheet of paper, measures big available baking box oven dry, and bake out temperature is controlled at 40 ℃, and 3 hours time, lucifuge airtight storage is for sale.

H, mid or late May next year, bulb played soil, graded by weight, and was divided into rejuvenation level 1-10g, three grades of 10-15g, secondary 15-25g, more than the one-level 25g.

I, late May, with 1: 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, soaked seed 2 hours, dry in the shade indoor storage.

Description of drawings (nothing)

Embodiment

At first, select to meet soil, the atmosphere of national non-polluted planting standard, the soil of water quality, as planting site.According to the nutritional characteristic of west safflower and the feeder capability of soil, adopt and survey native formula technique, rationally use sufficient base manure.Execute 4000 kilograms of farmyard manures for every mu, 50 kilograms of superphosphate, 20 kilograms in potassium chloride, 30 kilograms of purity nitrogens are ploughed deeply and are buried, and rake is even, makes the furrow of wide 1.3-1.5 rice, high 20 centimetres, furrow spacing 30～40cm.In late August, the check bulb, the above bulb of 10 grams soak seed 2 hours with 1: 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, dried, and rejected lateral bud, and the following bulb of 15 grams stays a main bud, and the 15-25 gram stays 2 of terminal buds, and 25 stay 3 of terminal buds more than restraining.Early September, adopt the direct sowing method plantation, the bulb behind the bud of soaking seed, pick is planted in the land for growing field crops.Drilling on the furrow that perform, is pressed line-spacing 15-20 centimetre, opens 6-8 centimetre of dark ditch, by spacing in the rows 10-15 centimetre bulb is put into ditch, and main bud makes progress, and earthing in time irrigates normal root water, every mu of 400kg after planting.D, late October to early November pick flowers, and the standard of picking flowers is: perianth stretches, and cylindrical fireworks launch.Every day, collecting time was a 8-10 point in morning.Late October to early November picks flowers, and the standard of picking flowers is: perianth stretches, and cylindrical fireworks launch.Every day, collecting time was a 8-10 point in morning.Field management: 1) in time water, water to keep ground moistening, ponding is not principle.

2) fertilising: the 1. short root fertilizer that comes into leaves: mid-December, every mu of farmyard manure of using 250kg waters.2. cured fertilizer: mid-January next year, every mu of farmyard manure of using 1500kg waters.3. the weightening finish of bulbec stem is fertile: mid or late Febuary, every mu of farmyard manure of using 1200kg waters.4. spray leaf fertilizer: mid-February, west safflower grew into the vigorous stage to March, every 10-15 days, sprayed 0.3% urea and added 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time, connected and sprayed 2～3 times, weeding in time.Mid or late May next year, bulb played soil, graded by weight, and was divided into rejuvenation level 1-10g, three grades of 10-15g, secondary 15-25g, more than the one-level 25g.

Late May, with 1: 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, soaked seed 2 hours, dry in the shade indoor storage.

Every mu can be produced west safflower dried flower 400-450 gram, can breed west safflower bulb 540-580 kilogram.

Claims (1)

1. Sinkiang saffron planting technology is characterized in that pressing routine step and carries out:

The soil of a, the soil of selecting to meet national non-polluted planting standard, atmosphere, water quality is as planting site.

B, adopt to survey native formula technique, basal dressing is executed 4000 kilograms of farmyard manures for every mu, 50 kilograms of superphosphate, and 20 kilograms in potassium chloride, 30 kilograms of purity nitrogens are ploughed deeply and are buried, and rake is even, makes the furrow of wide 1.3-1.5 rice, high 20 centimetres, furrow spacing 30～40cm.

C, in late August, the check bulb, the above bulb of 10 grams soak seed 2 hours with 1: 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, dried, and rejected lateral bud, the following bulb of 15 grams stays a main bud, the 15-25 gram stays 2 of terminal buds, 25 stay 3 of terminal buds more than restraining.

D, early September, adopt the direct sowing method plantation, the bulb behind the bud of soaking seed, pick is planted in the land for growing field crops.Drilling on the furrow that perform, is pressed line-spacing 15-20 centimetre, opens 6-8 centimetre of dark ditch, by spacing in the rows 10-15 centimetre bulb is put into ditch, and main bud makes progress, and earthing in time irrigates normal root water, every mu of 400kg after planting.

E, late October to early November pick flowers, and the standard of picking flowers is: perianth stretches, and cylindrical fireworks launch.Every day, collecting time was a 8-10 point in morning.

F, field management,

1) in time water, water to keep ground moistening, ponding is not principle.

2) fertilising

1. the short root fertilizer that comes into leaves: mid-December, every mu of cow dung or chicken manure of using 250kg waters.

2. cured fertilizer: mid-January next year, every mu of cow dung or chicken manure of using 1500kg waters.

3. the weightening finish of bulbec stem is fertile: mid or late Febuary, every mu of cow dung or chicken manure of using 1200kg waters.

4. spray leaf fertilizer: mid-February, west safflower grew into the vigorous stage to March, every 10-15 days, sprayed 0.3% urea and added 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time, connected and sprayed 2～3 times.

3) weeding in time.

G, adopt back strip off petal, take out gynoecium style and column cap, oven dry is in time spread out and is put the ventilation dry in the shade on blank sheet of paper, measures big available baking box oven dry, and bake out temperature is controlled at 40 ℃, and 3 hours time, lucifuge airtight storage is for sale.

H, mid or late May next year, bulb played soil, graded by weight, and was divided into rejuvenation level 1-10g, three grades of 10-15g, secondary 15-25g, more than the one-level 25g.

I, late May, with 1: 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, soaked seed 2 hours, dry in the shade indoor storage.