CN103765566B - 倒装片接合装置 - Google Patents

倒装片接合装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103765566B
CN103765566B CN201280043358.1A CN201280043358A CN103765566B CN 103765566 B CN103765566 B CN 103765566B CN 201280043358 A CN201280043358 A CN 201280043358A CN 103765566 B CN103765566 B CN 103765566B
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substrate
electrode
adjuvant
substrate table
engagement device
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CN103765566A (zh
Inventor
小盐哲平
境忠彦
石川隆稔
向岛仁
高仓宪
高仓宪一
石松显
园田知幸
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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Abstract

倒装片接合装置具备向基板的各个电极上涂敷并供给接合辅助剂的分配器单元,在作为至少含有铜的金属间的超声波接合来进行第1电极与第2电极之间的金属接合时,至少在第1电极与第2电极的接合界面的周围存在具有还原性的接合辅助剂的状态下进行超声波接合,由此能够除去在第1电极与第2电极的接合界面已经形成的铜的氧化膜,并且能够抑制伴随超声波接合的实施而在接合界面形成氧化膜,能够在确保所需的接合强度的同时,实现至少含有铜的金属间的接合,能够实现半导体元件的安装以及搭载了该半导体元件的基板的制造中的成本削减。

Description

倒装片接合装置
技术领域
本发明涉及通过在基板的第1电极上对半导体元件的第2电极进行超声波接合来安装半导体元件的倒装片接合装置(flip chip bonding device)。
背景技术
以往,作为这种利用了超声波接合的半导体元件的安装装置已知各种装置。在这种现有的半导体元件的安装装置中,通过在将形成于半导体元件的Au凸块(第2电极)按压于与基板的布线相连接而形成的Au电极(第1电极)的状态下对接触界面给予超声波振动,并对Au凸块与Au电极进行金属接合(即,Au-Au接合)这样的步骤,来将半导体元件安装于基板(例如,参照专利文献1或2)。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:JP特开2000-68327号公报
专利文献2:JP特开2001-237270号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
近年,对内置有这种将半导体元件安装于基板而制造的元件安装完成基板的各种电子设备的成本削减的要求很高,在半导体元件的安装中,需要为了成本削减而想各种办法。
从材料成本的角度出发,用于基板的Au电极的成本高,若能够将该Au电极置换为更廉价的Cu电极,则能够实现成本削减。例如,在作为半导体元件将发光元件(LED芯片)的Au凸块与基板的Au电极进行超声波接合的方式中,若将基板的Au电极置换为Cu电极,且Au-Cu间的金属接合能够确保与Au-Au间的金属接合同等的可靠性,则能够保持着接合可靠性的同时实现大幅的成本削减。
本发明的发明者们,在进行了在基板的Cu电极的表面所形成的氧化膜的除去处理之后,在大气中进行除去了氧化膜的状态的基板的Cu电极与半导体元件的Au凸块的超声波接合,并测定了接合后的切变强度。但是,尽管事先除去了Cu电极的氧化膜也没能获得充分的切变强度。
本发明的目的在于,解决上述问题,提供一种倒装片接合装置,在基板的第1电极上对半导体元件的第2电极进行超声波接合的倒装片接合装置中,在确保所需的接合强度的同时,作为至少含有铜的金属间的接合而实现第1电极与第2电极之间的金属接合。
解决课题的手段
为了达成上述目的,本发明如下以下这样构成。
根据本发明的第1方式,提供一种倒装片接合装置,具备:基板台,其具有加热单元,并且载置并保持基板;分配器单元,其向载置于基板台上的基板的各个第1电极上供给具有还原性的接合辅助剂;半导体元件供给单元,其供给半导体元件;安装单元,其包含超声波头,所述超声波头接受并保持由半导体元件供给单元供给的半导体元件,井在被供给了接合辅助剂的基板的第1电极上按压半导体元件的第2电极的状态下给予超声波振动来进行安装;遮蔽板,其被配置在基板台的上方,由此遮挡从基板台流向基板台的上方的气流,并且具有能够使超声波头以及分配器单元接近基板的公共的开口;和排气设备,其将包含涂敷于基板之后通过加热单元所产生的热而气化的接合辅助剂的气体从基板台与遮蔽板之间的空间进行排气,超声波头在如下状态下进行金属接合:使第1电极与第2电极之间的安装为至少含有铜的金属接合,在进行金属接合为止的期间至少在第1电极与第2电极之间的接合界面的周围存在接合辅助剂。
根据本发明的第2方式,提供一种根据第1方式所述的倒装片接合装置,其中,具备基板运送单元,其将安装半导体元件之前的基板从基板台的一方运入基板台,将安装了半导体元件的基板从基板台的另一方运出,将排气设备的排气管道设置在基板台的另一方侧。
根据本发明的第3方式,提供一种根据第1方式或第2方式所述的倒装片接合装置,其中,还具备对基板台与遮蔽板之间的空间进行供气的供气设备。
根据本发明的第4方式,提供一种根据第2方式所述的倒装片接合装置,其中,还具备对基板台与遮蔽板之间的空间进行供气的供气设备,将供气设备的供气管道设置在基板台的一方侧。
根据本发明的第5方式,提供一种根据第1方式所述的倒装片接合装置,其中,支撑基板台的工作台是XY工作台,遮蔽板的开口被形成为超声波头以及分配器单元能够接近安装一个半导体元件的基板上的第2电极的大小。
根据本发明的第6方式,提供一种根据第1方式所述的倒装片接合装置,其中,支撑基板台的工作台是仅能沿着基板的运送方向移动的单向工作台,遮蔽板的宽度被设定为覆盖在与基板的运送方向正交的方向上固定的基板的宽度方向的区域。
发明效果
发明者们,对在大气中进行了超声波接合的基板的Cu电极与发光元件的Au凸块的接合界面进行了分析,确认了Cu电极的表面变黑,进而对变黑的部分进行了详细分析,判明了是铜的氧化物。基于该事实,发明者们得到了由于超声波接合所产生的摩擦热导致在Cu电极的表面产生新的氧化膜,这阻碍了向Cu电极的接合这一结论,从而完成了本发明。
根据本发明,在将第1电极与第2电极之间的金属接合,作为至少含有铜的金属间的超声波接合来进行时,至少在第1电极与第2电极之间的接合界面的周围存在接合辅助剂的状态下,进一步利用超声波接合使所产生的热,由接合辅助剂引起还原反应,同时进行超声波接合。因此,能够除去在第1电极与第2电极的接合界面(接触界面)已经形成的氧化膜,并且抑制超声波接合的实施所伴随的氧化膜的形成。因此,能够在确保所需的接合强度的同时,实现将铜用于第1电极或第2电极的超声波接合,能够实现半导体元件安装时的成本削减。
此外,本发明的倒装片接合装置具备:遮蔽板,其被配置在基板台的上方,由此来遮挡从基板台流向基板台的上方的气流,并且具有能够使超声波头以及分配器单元接近基板的公共的开口;和排气设备,其将含有涂敷于基板之后通过加热单元所产生的热而气化的接合辅助剂的气体从基板台与遮蔽板之间的空间进行排气。因此,能够抑制气化后的接合辅助剂附着在接合装置的构件上而腐蚀构件。
附图说明
本发明的这些方式和特征,根据针对附图的与优选的实施方式相关联的如下记述将会明确。
图1是本发明的一实施方式所涉及的接合装置的构成图。
图2是本发明的实施方式1的接合装置的俯视图。
图3是沿图2的线A-A的剖面图。
图4是沿图2的线B-B的剖面图。
图5是通过本发明的实施方式1的接合装置安装了多个发光元件的状态的基板的剖面图。
图6是表示本发明的实施方式1的接合装置所进行的安装步骤的流程图。
图7是本发明的实施方式1的接合装置所进行的安装中的各个工序的说明图。
图8是基板运送时的沿图2的线A-A的剖面图。
图9是对本发明的实施方式1的接合装置所制造的基板测定了晶片切变强度的图。
图10是本发明的实施方式2所涉及的接合装置的遮蔽板的俯视图。
图11是沿图10的线A-A的剖面图。
具体实施方式
以下,基于附图对本发明所涉及的实施方式进行详细说明。
(实施方式1)
图1是表示本发明的实施方式1所涉及的倒装片接合装置的主要构成的图。倒装片接合装置是指,将作为半导体元件的一例的发光元件安装于基板的装置。如图1所示,接合装置10具备供给发光元件的发光元件供给单元23(半导体元件供给单元)。发光元件供给单元23具备:供给多个发光元件4的元件供给部11;和对从元件供给部11供给的发光元件4进行吸附保持,并且使所保持的发光元件4在上下方向上翻转的元件翻转单元12。
此外,接合装置10具备:接受并吸附保持被元件翻转单元12翻转后的状态的发光元件4,并在基板1上的规定位置安装发光元件4的超声波头13;在基板1的各个基板电极3上涂敷并供给后述的接合辅助剂的分配器单元14;和载置并保持基板1的基板台15。进而,接合装置10具备:对由超声波头13保持的状态的发光元件4的图像进行摄像,来识别其保持姿势的芯片识别用照相机16;和对基板1上的电极、位置对准标记等图像进行摄像,来识别其位置的基板识别用照相机24。
在元件供给部11的上表面,多个发光元件4使其凸块5的形成面朝上地排列。元件供给部11能够在沿基板1表面的方向(水平方向)且相互正交的方向即X方向以及Y方向上移动,通过元件供给部11向XY方向的移动,能够进行1个发光元件4与元件翻转单元12之间的位置对准。
元件翻转单元12具有可解除地吸附保持发光元件4的管嘴(nozzle)17,通过使吸附保持了发光元件4的状态的管嘴17在上下方向上翻转180度,来使发光元件4的姿势在上下方向上翻转。
超声波头13具备:可解除地吸附保持发光元件4的管嘴18;产生超声波振动的振子19;和对由振子19产生的超声波振动进行放大并传递给管嘴18的超声波喇叭20。此外,超声波头13能够在X方向上移动,超声波头13移动到规定的X方向位置并进行定位,由此实施发光元件4从元件翻转单元12向超声波头13的传递动作、以及芯片识别用照相机16对发光元件4的保持姿势的图像摄像动作等。
分配器单元14能够在X方向上移动,在形成于基板1上的各个基板电极3上进行规定量的接合辅助剂的涂敷供给。另外,超声波头13以及分配器单元14都被可滑动地安装于在X方向延伸的X轴框架25上,并沿X轴框架25向X方向移动。
基板台15内置有作为加热单元的加热器38,具有将所载置的基板1加热至规定温度的功能。此外,在基板台15的下部,存在一边支撑基板台15一边向XY方向移动的XY工作台34(在图1中未图示),能够实现基板台15的XY方向的移动。基板台15移动到规定的XY方向位置并进行定位,由此实施基板识别用照相机24对基板1的电极位置的图像摄像动作等。
如上所述,利用图1对接合装置10的主要构成及其基本动作进行了说明,以下利用图2-4对接合装置10还具备的遮蔽板26以及供气排气设备等进行说明。
图2是本实施方式1所涉及的接合装置10的俯视图,图3、4是沿图2的线A-A以及线B-B的接合装置10的剖面图。如图2-4所示,遮蔽板26是配置为覆盖在基板台15上载置的基板1的遮蔽材料。如图3、4所示,通过由遮蔽板26隔开基板台15上的空间,从而使得基板台15附近的气流不会跑到遮蔽板26的上边,因此如以后所说明的那样抑制气化后的接合辅助剂附着在位于上方的超声波头13、管嘴18、以及X轴框架25等上而发生腐蚀的情况。此外,如图3所示,遮蔽板26的两侧构成为向下方突出,因此向横向的气流也被遮挡。通过像这样对基板台15附近的气流进行控制,前述的接合辅助剂的附着以及附着部分的腐蚀进一步得到抑制。
遮蔽板26,其位置被固定,如图2所示,从上方观察接合装置10时,在遮蔽板26的中央部形成的开口27配置为与基板识别用照相机24大致重合。此外,同样如图2所示,形成于遮蔽板26的开口27配置为与超声波头13、分配器单元14、以及芯片识别用照相机16沿X方向大致排成一列。通过这种配置,超声波头13以及分配器单元14通过沿着X轴框架25的X方向的移动,能够通过开口27而接近(access)配置在基板台15上的基板1。除了该动作之外,基板台15以及配置在基板台15上的基板1在XY方向上移动,因此超声波头13以及分配器单元14能够通过开口27而接近基板1的整个面,能够对基板1的整个面进行接合辅助剂的供给以及安装。
接着,对供气排气设备进行说明。如图2、4所示,供气排气设备具备:对被遮蔽板26遮挡的基板台15附近的空间S进行供气的供气管道29;和从空间S向接合装置10外进行排气的排气管道30。在图2中基板1的运送方向与表示Y方向的箭头为相同方向,而供气管道29配置在基板1的运送方向上游侧,排气管道30配置在基板1的运送方向下游侧。供气管道29经由与接合装置10外部的供气源连接的供气管嘴31向接合装置10内进行供气。在本实施方式1中,对在大气气氛中进行供气排气的情况进行说明,但也可以利用惰性的气体来进行供气,例如可以列举氮(N2)等。排气管道30通过与接合装置10的外部连通来进行从空间S向接合装置10外部的排气。此外,如图2所示,在供气管道29的下面存在等待台32以及等待台32所具备的导轨33,在排气管道30的下面存在运出台28以及运出台28所具备的导轨39。等待台32是在进行基板台15上的安装之前配置基板1的场所,也是进行预热等的台。运出台28是用于将完成了半导体元件的安装的基板1向下一个工序进行运送的台。在对配置在等待台32或运出台28上的基板1进行运送时,通过设为使导轨33、39上升而使基板1从各个台离开的状态,从而成为能够通过运送单元来运送的状态。
如图4所示,由于供气管道29被配置为向空间S进行供气,因此若使供气管道29运转,则在空间S中产生从基板1的运送方向上游流向下游的气流P。气流P被排气管道30吸出,并被排出到接合装置10外部。通过像这样对供气排气设备进行配置,使得气流P从基板1的运送方向上游流向下游,从而由于接合辅助剂的排气方向与基板1的运送方向的方向一致,因此能够进行高效的供气排气,能够抑制接合辅助剂向超声波头13、管嘴18、以及基板1的未安装区域等的附着以及附着所引起的腐蚀的产生。进而,由于如图4所示遮蔽板26的两侧向下方突出而划分了空间,因此更加促进了前述的高效的供气排气。
另外,在本实施方式1中使用了具有供气功能和排气功能的供气排气设备,但也可以仅使用具有排气功能的排气设备来代替。
接着,在图5中示出利用这种构成的接合装置10安装了多个半导体元件的状态的半导体元件。
如图5所示,在基板1的图示上表面形成有多个布线2,布线2的端部作为基板电极3(第1电极)而形成。作为半导体元件的一例的发光元件(LED芯片)4具备与各个基板电极3连接的凸块5(第2电极)。在此,基板1的布线2例如由铜形成,基板电极3同样由铜形成。发光元件4的凸块5例如由金或铜形成。在本实施方式中,以布线2以及基板电极3由铜(Cu)形成、凸块5由金(Au)形成的情况为例进行说明。
对利用这种构成的接合装置10,将多个发光元件4通过超声波接合而安装在基板1上来制造半导体元件搭载基板的步骤进行具体说明。在该说明中,在图6中示出步骤的流程图,在图7(A)~(E)中示出流程图所示的各个工序中的说明图。
(预热工序)
作为在基板1上安装半导体元件4之前的准备工序,在等待台32上进行基板1的预热(步骤S1)。具体来说,如图7(A)所示在将基板1配置在等待台32上的状态下通过等待台32的内部所具备的加热单元(未图示)加热到成为规定温度为止。在本实施方式1中加热到80。℃,但该温度可以根据各种条件而适当变更。若基板1被加热到规定温度则预热结束。
(接合辅助剂供给工序)
若预热工序结束则接合装置10将基板1从等待台32向基板台15进行运送并在基板台15上保持基板1。保持了基板1之后,使支撑基板1的XY二工作台34在XY方向上移动来进行基板1在XY方向的定位。然后,对布线2以及基板电极3的表面,利用分配器单元14进行接合辅助剂的供给(步骤S2)。另外,在步骤S2开始时已经使供气管道29以及排气管道30工作而进行了供气排气且持续到最终工序结束为止。
在此接合辅助剂是指,具有还原性,并且,在后述的超声波接合工序时通过覆盖基板电极3与凸块5之间的接合界面(接触界面),来除去在接合界面形成的氧化膜并且抑制接合界面上的氧化的液状或糊状的溶剂。此外,也是在进行了超声波接合之后,通过实施后述的接合辅助剂除去工序,从接合界面及其附近蒸发而被除去的溶剂。进而,优选使用含有OH基的溶剂作为接合辅助剂,使得在接合界面上能够确保对铜的表面的还原性作用。作为具有这种特征的接合辅助剂的一例,在本实施方式中使用甘油。另外,在接合辅助剂含有二氧化硅填料、金属粒子、不蒸发的树脂成分的情况下,在接合辅助剂除去工序中难以除去接合辅助剂,因此优选不含有这种物质。
在接合装置10中,通过使分配器单元14在X方向上移动,来进行基板1上的希望的基板电极3(或者布线2)与分配器单元14的位置对准,并通过分配器单元14,通过遮蔽板26的开口27而在该基板电极3上涂敷供给接合辅助剂7(例如,甘油)。结果,如图7(B)所示,在发光元件4向基板1的安装位置,配置接合辅助剂7,使其覆盖各个基板电极3及其周围的布线2整体。
(超声波接合工序)
接着,在接合装置10中,通过元件翻转单元12的管嘴17从元件供给部11吸附保持并取出1个发光元件4,管嘴17被元件翻转单元12在上下方向上翻转,由此所保持的发光元件4被翻转。然后,超声波头13定位于被翻转的状态的元件翻转单元12的上方,从元件翻转单元12向超声波头13的管嘴18传递发光元件4。超声波头13在X方向上移动,并定位于之前进行了接合辅助剂7的供给的基板1上的安装位置的上方。然后,超声波头13(通过遮蔽板26的开口27的同时)下降,被管嘴18保持的状态的发光元件4的各个凸块5,成为与基板1的各个基板电极3相接触并被按压的状态。另一方面,由于在各个基板电极3及其附近的布线2上供给了接合辅助剂7,因此发光元件4的凸块5与基板电极3之间的接合界面8成为被接合辅助剂7覆盖的状态(参照图7(C))。
在这种状态下,在超声波头13上,由振子19产生超声波振动,所产生的超声波振动被超声波喇叭20放大并通过管嘴18而施加给发光元件4。通过对发光元件4的凸块5与基板电极3之间的接合界面8给予该超声波振动,从而凸块5与基板电极3被金属接合(即,超声波接合)(步骤S3)。然后,由振子19使超声波振动的产生停止,并且解除管嘴18对发光元件4的吸附保持,使管嘴18上升并从发光元件4脱离。
如上所述,在超声波接合工序中,由于基板电极3被发光元件4的凸块5按压,因此负荷经由凸块5而施加给基板电极3。这样,若在从发光元件4的凸块5向基板电极3施加了负荷的状态下,对接合界面8给予超声波振动,则接合界面8由于摩擦热而局部变为高温。在现有的不使用接合辅助剂的超声波接合中,虽然可以认为通过该摩擦热所产生的高温能够促进合金接合,但实际上铜(基板电极3)的表面的氧化(黑膜)也加剧从而无法确保充分的接合强度。
相对于此,在本发明中,由于在使接合界面8的周围存在具有还原性的接合辅助剂7的状态下进行超声波接合,因此覆盖接合界面8而配置的接合辅助剂利用该摩擦热而引起还原反应。因此,虽然超声波接合所产生的热作用于铜从而有可能新形成铜的氧化膜,但通过上述的接合辅助剂所引起的还原反应,能够抑制超声波接合中的铜的氧化。
此外,通过接合辅助剂所引起的还原反应,还能够还原并除去在接合界面8上已经形成的铜的氧化膜。
进而,在进行超声波接合的期间、即直到超声波接合完成为止,至少凸块5与基板电极3之间的接合界面8由于被接合辅助剂7覆盖而保持阻断了与氧的接触的状态。因此,能够抑制由于超声波接合而在接合界面8或其附近形成氧化膜。
如上所述,由于一边通过接合辅助剂来防止铜的表面的氧化、一边进行超声波接合,因此能够可靠地进行无氧化膜的铜与凸块5的合金接合。
另外,在该超声波接合工序中,从发光元件4从元件供给部11的取出动作起,到发光元件4向超声波头13的传递动作为止的一系列动作,也可以与接合辅助剂供给工序并行实施。
(接合辅助剂除去工序)
接着,进行在基板1与发光元件4之间残留的接合辅助剂7的除去(步骤S4)。具体来说,通过对基板1进行加热,来促进接合辅助剂7的蒸发,进行接合辅助剂7的除去。作为这种基板1的加热方法,在本实施方式1中,利用基板台15所具有的加热器38对基板1进行加热,但也可以为利用其他加热单元来进行基板1的加热的方法,此外,也可以利用吹热风等干燥促进单元。结果,如图7(D)所示,在基板1与发光元件4之间残留的接合辅助剂7被除去,发光元件4向基板1的安装完成。
此时,如图4所示,气化后的接合辅助剂7被来自供气管道29的供气向Y方向引导,并经由排气管道30被排出到接合装置10外部。因此,能够抑制气化后的接合辅助剂7附着到超声波头13、管嘴18、以及X轴框架25上而对该部分进行腐蚀。此外,由于遮蔽板26覆盖基板台15的上方并且如图3所示两侧向下方突出,因此气化后的接合辅助剂7向上方移动的动作被遮挡,能够进一步抑制前述的附着以及腐蚀。
另外,接合辅助剂除去工序的目的在于,将在超声波接合工序后残留的接合辅助剂在后述的树脂密封工序之前除去,因此根据残留的接合辅助剂的量来对接合辅助剂除去工序的实施必要性进行探讨,根据情况也可以省略接合辅助剂除去工序。
(树脂密封工序)
接着,通过树脂对基板1和发光元件4的接合部分等进行密封,来使发光元件搭载基板完成(步骤S5)。具体来说,通过连同基板电极3与凸块5的接合界面8在内,覆盖布线2、基板电极3、以及凸块5的表面来涂敷树脂21,由此对发光元件4与基板1之间进行密封。在树脂21中,为了发挥发光特性也可以使用具有光透过性的树脂。结果,如图7(E)所示,基板1与发光元件4之间被树脂21密封,发光元件搭载基板22的制造完成。
另外,在基板1上安装多个发光元件4的情况下,通过依次实施上述的预热工序~树脂密封工序的步骤,来将各个发光元件4安装到基板1上,并且制造发光元件搭载基板22。另外,对于预热工序(步骤S1)、接合辅助剂供给工序(步骤S2)、以及接合辅助剂除去工序(步骤S4),也可以取代对基板1上的每个安装位置进行各个工序的情况,而对基板1的多个安装位置集中进行各个工序。
全部工序结束之后,如图8所示,利用接合装置10所具备的运送机构35、和对基板台15进行支撑的工作台所具备的升降机构36来进行基板1的运送。具体来说,使隐藏在工作台内的升降机构36上升,来对基板1的左右端部进行支撑,进而通过使升降机构36上升至规定距离而成为基板1从基板台15离开规定距离的状态。然后,运送机构35所具备的运送爪37一边与运送方向上游侧的基板1端部相接触一边向运送方向下游侧进行按压,由此将基板1向运送方向推出并进行运送。另外,运送爪37除了运送基板1时以外都退让到不同的场所。
在本实施方式1中,利用具备运送爪37的运送机构35和升降机构36来运送基板1,但也可以利用其他合适的机构来来运送基板1。
根据上述实施方式1,在从凸块5(Au)向基板电极3(Cu)施加了负荷的状态下给予超声波振动,凸块5与基板电极3之间的接合界面8被局部加热,从而利用该摩擦热,覆盖接合界面8而配置的接合辅助剂7引起还原反应。通过利用该还原反应,能够抑制超声波接合的热作用于铜而形成新的铜的氧化膜,并且能够除去在接合界面8已经形成的铜的氧化膜。此外,由于接合界面8被覆盖,因此能够抑制与Au相比更容易氧化的Cu的表面与氧接触,能够防止伴随超声波接合而在接合界面8形成氧化膜。这样,由于在通过接合辅助剂来防止铜的表面的氧化的同时,进行超声波接合,因此能够可靠地进行无氧化膜的铜与凸块5的合金接合。即,在Au-Cu接合中能够维持合适的晶片切变强度,能够提供一种可替代现有的Au-Au接合的金属接合,并且能够实现半导体元件的安装以及该半导体元件搭载基板的制造中的成本削减。此外,由于利用超声波接合所产生的局部的高温,因此无需使基板或芯片整体成为高温,也无需大规模的还原用的加热装置等,因此能够实现进一步的成本削减。
此外,这种接合辅助剂7,在超声波接合完成后,通过实施接合辅助剂除去工序而被加热器38加热并发生气化,由此从基板1上被除去,因此不会阻碍发光元件4或基板1的功能。另一方面,气化后的接合辅助剂有时会在接合装置10内上升而附着在接合装置10的构件(尤其是基板识别用照相机24)上。若像这样在接合辅助剂附着的状态下随着时间经过,则有接合装置10的构件发生腐蚀的危险。但是,根据本实施方式1的接合装置10,通过将气化后的接合辅助剂迅速地排出到接合装置10的外部,能够抑制接合辅助剂附着在接合装置10的构件上。
为了将气化后的接合辅助剂排出到接合装置10外部,使用供气排气设备。具体来说,如图2、4所示,通过排气管道30进行排气,并且通过供气管道29对空间S进行供气从而促进了排气管道30的排气。另外,如图4所示,接合辅助剂被涂敷在基板1上的中央部附近,之后伴随基板1的运送而被运往基板1的运送方向下游侧,因此气化后的接合辅助剂,在空间S中主要在运送方向下游侧(图4中的右侧)产生。并且,通过供气管道29以及排气管道30的配置,使得气流P流向与基板1的运送方向相同的方向(Y方向)。通过这种配置,能够将气化后的接合辅助剂迅速地从排气管道30排出,并且能够抑制气化后的接合辅助剂通过开口27而向上跑出,能够防止向接合装置10的各构件的附着以及腐蚀。
进而,通过用遮蔽板26覆盖基板1的上方,从而遮挡了在基板1上气化后的接合辅助剂从基板1流向上方,因此抑制了气化后的接合辅助剂附着在接合装置10的构件上。进而,如图3所示由于遮蔽板26的两侧向下方突出,因此能够遮挡气化后的接合辅助剂7从两侧绕向上方的运动,能够进一步抑制前述的附着。此外,通过由遮蔽板26覆盖基板1的上方,从而在基板1与遮蔽板26之间的空间S划定了供气排气风路,使得来自供气管道29的供气不会跑到上方,能够提高供气排气效率。
此外,如图1等所示,安装时的超声波头13以及分配器单元14一边通过遮蔽板26的公共的开口一边进行安装。在设置了这种公共的开口的情况下,与对超声波头13以及分配器单元14分别设置专用开口的情况相比能够减小开口整体的面积。通过减小开口整体的面积,不易产生从开口外通过开口而流向空间S的气流,因此能够提高气化后的接合辅助剂的泄露防止的效果。此外,在供气量比排气量更多的情况下,根据这种构成,由于不易产生从空间S通过开口而流向上方的气流,因此也能够提高接合辅助剂的泄露防止的效果。
另外,在接合辅助剂供给二工序(步骤S2)中通过超声波头13而在基板1上涂敷的接合辅助剂中,也存在在接合辅助剂除去工序(步骤S4)开始前发生气化的接合辅助剂,因此供气排气设备的工作,最好至少在步骤S2~步骤S4的期间持续进行。
接着,对本发明所使用的接合辅助剂进一步进行说明。接合辅助剂担负如下作用:在超声波接合完成为止的期间,覆盖凸块与基板电极之间的接合界面来与氧进行阻断,并且引起对铜的氧化膜进行还原的还原反应。另一方面,在接合装置10中,保持在基板台15上的基板1,在预热工序中被加热(加温)至规定的温度,以便能够有效地进行发光元件4向基板1的超声波接合。在像这样被加温的状态的基板1的布线2以及基板电极3上被供给的接合辅助剂7,需要不会在极短时间内蒸发,至少残留到超声波接合完成为止地覆盖接合界面。例如,若为具有比载置基板1的基板台15的温度高50℃以上的沸点的溶剂,则能够防止供给后在极短时间内蒸发而消失。即,在将基板台15的温度的上限设定为150℃的情况下,溶剂的沸点优选设为200℃以上。
在此,对利用各种接合辅助剂进行了安装的半导体元件进行晶片切变强度的测定实验,在图9中示出该实验结果。在图9中,将接合辅助剂的种类表示在横轴,将利用了这些接合辅助剂的发光元件的晶片切变强度(gf)表示在纵轴。在此,作为比较例,示出接合辅助剂利用了乙二醇(沸点198℃)的结果,作为实施例,示出接合辅助剂利用了二乙二醇(沸点244-245℃)、三乙二醇(沸点288℃)、甘油(沸点290℃)的结果。实验条件是:半导体元件搭载基板的尺寸为4mm×4mm、凸块尺寸为90μm×30μm、凸块个数为288pcs、凸块的材质为镀Au凸块。进而,除了上述条件之外,分别在如下两个模式下进行了实验:基板台15的温度:80℃、负荷:30N、超声波输出:10W(模式1);以及基板台15的温度:120℃、负荷:30N、超声波输出:10W(模式2)。
关于半导体元件搭载基板的晶片切变强度,将判定基准设为2000gf。如图9所示,比较例的半导体元件的晶片切变强度,在模式1以及2的任意一种情况下都为2000gf以下。另一方面,实施例的半导体元件搭载基板的晶片切变强度,在模式1以及2的任意一种情况下都为2000gf以上。由此可知,作为本发明的接合辅助剂,在比较例中使用的乙二醇不适合,在实施例中使用的二乙二醇、三乙二醇、甘油比较适合。
此外,接合辅助剂在发挥了覆盖接合界面而阻断氧并且引起还原反应的作用之后,需要从基板上利用简便的方法可靠地除去。因此,接合辅助剂需要为例如通过加热而蒸发从而在基板上无残留地被除去的溶剂。
此外,接合辅助剂具有至少1个OH基,由此还能够确保对接合界面等的还原性的效果。
这样,若对接合辅助剂所需的条件进行综合,则作为本发明的接合辅助剂,例如可以使用在上述实施例中使用的甘油、三乙二醇、二乙二醇,除此以外,还可以使用二乙二醇单正丁基醚(沸点230℃)、三乙二醇二甲基醚(沸点216℃)、四乙二醇(沸点327℃)等。
(实施方式2)
图10是表示本发明的实施方式2所涉及的倒装片接合装置110的遮蔽板126的构成的俯视图。以下仅对与实施方式1的不同点进行说明。
在前述的实施方式1中,对基板台15进行支撑的工作台是能够在XY方向上移动的XY工作台34。若使用XY工作台34,则基板台15以及载置于基板台15上的基板1能够在XY方向上移动,因此只要遮蔽板26的开口27确保了最低限度的大小则无论其大小如何,超声波头13以及分配器单元14都能够接近基板1的表面整体来进行安装。因此,在实施方式1中通过将遮蔽板26的开口27设为所需最小限度的大小,进一步抑制了气化后的接合辅助剂通过开口27而向上方跑出并附着到接合装置10。
另一方面,在本实施方式2中,作为对基板台15进行支撑的工作台,使用仅能沿着基板1的运送方向移动的单向工作台134。这样一来,基板台15以及载置在基板台15上的基板1虽然能够在运送方向(Y方向)上移动但不能在与运送方向正交的方向(X方向)上移动,因此需要将遮蔽板126的开口127开在X方向上,以便超声波头13以及分配器单元14能够自由的接近基板1上。具体来说,如图10所示,将开口127设为在X方向较长的长方形状,与实施方式1相比开口127的面积变大。
图11是沿图10的线A-A的接合装置110的剖面图。如图11所示,通过将开口127沿X方向的宽度L1设为比基板1沿该方向的宽度L2更大,从而超声波头13以及分配器单元14能够接近基板1上的所有X方向位置。此外,在本实施方式2中单向工作台134虽然在Y方向上移动但不在X方向上移动,因此在决定遮蔽板126的横宽时也可以不考虑单向工作台134的X方向的工作范围。因此,如图11所示,能够尽可能地减小遮蔽板126的横宽,能够减小从基板1的运送方向观察的遮蔽板126的剖面积。这样,与实施方式1相比,通过减小遮蔽板126的剖面积,能够以更少的供气量进行供气排气。
图11中的基板1的运送方法与利用图8针对实施方式1说明的方法相同,因此省略其说明。
在上述的实施方式的说明中,以发光元件4的凸块5(Au)与基板1的基板电极3(Cu)被超声波接合的情况为例进行了说明,但也可以是由铜来形成发光元件4的凸块5,并进行Cu-Cu的超声波接合的情况。此外,也可以由铜来形成凸块5,由金来形成基板电极3,并进行Cu-Au的超声波接合。
此外,在上述的说明中,以利用分配器单元14,在基板1的布线2以及基板电极3上涂敷供给接合辅助剂的情况为例进行了说明,但作为接合辅助剂的供给方法,除了通过涂敷进行的供给之外,也可以采用通过转印进行的供给方法。此外,除了将接合辅助剂供给至基板1侧的情况之外,也可以采用供给至发光元件4侧的情况、供给至两者的情况等任意一种方法。
此外,作为接合辅助剂的供给位置,对接合辅助剂覆盖接合界面8的周围的情况进行了说明,但也可以取而代之,进行供给使得接合辅助剂至少存在于接触界面的周围。在此情况下,在超声波接合工序中,由于超声波振动的作用,存在于接合界面8的周围的接合辅助剂浸入到接触界面8,因此与上述的还原反应等同样地,能够实现已经形成的铜的氧化膜的除去、以及新的铜的氧化膜的形成的抑制。
此外,在接合辅助剂除去工序中,也可以取代对接合辅助剂积极地进行加热等来进行除去的情况,而例如通过进行放置使其自然蒸发来进行除去。
此外,作为用于在基板1上进行半导体元件的安装的安装单元使用了超声波头13,但也可以使用超声波头13以外的构件作为安装单元的构成要素。
另外,通过对上述各种实施方式中的任意的实施方式进行适当组合,能够发挥各自所具有的效果。
本发明,在半导体元件的安装中,能够在保持与现有的Au-Au同等的晶片切变强度的同时实现Au-Cu接合或者Cu-Cu接合,并且能够抑制气化后的接合辅助剂附着在装置的构件等上而发生腐蚀,因此在成本削减的持续要求高的倒装片接合装置中很有用。
本发明一边参照附图一边与优选的实施方式相关联地进行了充分记载,但对于该技术的熟练者而言,各种变形、修正是明了的。这种变形、修正,只要不脱离基于所附的权利要求书的本发明范围,就应理解为包含在其中。
2011年11月24日提出申请的日本国专利申请No.2011-256253号的说明书、附图、以及权利要求书的公开内容,作为整体被参照并被引入本说明书中。

Claims (6)

1.一种倒装片接合装置,具备:
基板台,其具有加热单元,并且载置并保持基板;
分配器单元,其向载置于基板台上的基板的各个第1电极上供给具有还原性的接合辅助剂;
半导体元件供给单元,其供给半导体元件;
安装单元,其包含超声波头,所述超声波头接受并保持由半导体元件供给单元供给的半导体元件,并在被供给了接合辅助剂的基板的第1电极上按压半导体元件的第2电极的状态下给予超声波振动来进行安装;
遮蔽板,其被配置在基板台的上方,由此遮挡从基板台流向基板台的上方的气流,并且具有能够使超声波头以及分配器单元接近基板的公共的开口;和
排气设备,其将包含涂敷于基板之后通过加热单元所产生的热而气化的接合辅助剂的气体从基板台与遮蔽板之间的空间进行排气,
超声波头在如下状态下进行金属接合:使第1电极与第2电极之间的安装为至少含有铜的金属接合,在进行金属接合为止的期间至少在第1电极与第2电极之间的接合界面的周围存在接合辅助剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的倒装片接合装置,其中,
具备基板运送单元,其将安装半导体元件之前的基板从基板台的一方运入基板台,将安装了半导体元件的基板从基板台的另一方运出,
将排气设备的排气管道设置在基板台的另一方侧。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的倒装片接合装置,其中,
还具备对基板台与遮蔽板之间的空间进行供气的供气设备。
4.根据权利要求2所述的倒装片接合装置,其中,
还具备对基板台与遮蔽板之间的空间进行供气的供气设备,
将供气设备的供气管道设置在基板台的一方侧。
5.根据权利要求1所述的倒装片接合装置,其中,
支撑基板台的工作台是XY工作台,
遮蔽板的开口被形成为超声波头以及分配器单元能够接近安装一个半导体元件的基板上的第1电极的大小。
6.根据权利要求1所述的倒装片接合装置,其中,
支撑基板台的工作台是仅能沿着基板的运送方向移动的单向工作台,
遮蔽板的宽度被设定为覆盖被固定在与基板的运送方向正交的方向上的基板的宽度方向的区域。
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