CN103750309B - 鱼皮胶原蛋白膏及其制备方法 - Google Patents
鱼皮胶原蛋白膏及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103750309B CN103750309B CN201410001070.9A CN201410001070A CN103750309B CN 103750309 B CN103750309 B CN 103750309B CN 201410001070 A CN201410001070 A CN 201410001070A CN 103750309 B CN103750309 B CN 103750309B
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- fish
- skin
- collagen
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- fish skin
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Abstract
本发明涉及“鱼皮胶原蛋白膏及其制备方法”,属于食品深加工领域。本发明将鱼皮通过脱腥处理后,提取蛋白,得到鱼皮胶液,将鱼皮胶液与芦荟凝胶、椰子凝胶混合,以卡拉胶作为成型剂,制得的膏状鱼皮胶原蛋白膏。本发明综合了动物蛋白,植物蛋白和微生物蛋白的营养,通过椰子凝胶的排毒,抑毒作用,使体内毒素不易沉积,结合芦荟的杀菌抗炎作用,使皮肤上的疮伤口快速愈合,进一步提高免疫力,同时由于鱼皮和芦荟中含有大量的蛋白质,微量元素,可以改善皮肤结构,使皮肤紧致,富有弹性,三种蛋白有机的结合在一起,具有排毒养颜的功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品领域,具体的说是涉及一种以鱼皮为主要原料经过脱腥后熬制成的一种以胶原蛋白为主要成分的膏状即食方便食品。
背景技术
鱼类属于脊索动物门中的脊椎动物亚门,是一种水生的冷血脊椎动物,用鳃呼吸,具有颚和鳍。可分为两个主要族群:软骨鱼类和硬骨鱼类。目前全球已命名的鱼种在2.6万种以上,我国现有鱼类近3千种,其中淡水鱼约1000种左右。鱼类蛋白质人体吸收率达87~98%,并且含有丰富的维生素A、D及微量元素,其营养价值非常高。以淡水鱼为例,100克58-70克可食,能量350-480千焦。每100克可食部分:水分70-78克、碳水化合物0-2.4克、蛋白质15-24克、脂肪1.8-3.2克、灰份0.6-1.8克,并含丰富的矿物质、维生素和微量元素。鱼类不但是膳食食物,而且是良好的食疗食物,特别是鱼皮,在我国南宋时期药书有记载鱼皮作为药用的功效。中医理论认为:鱼皮味甘、咸、性平,具有滋补的功效。在食疗方面,鱼皮含有丰富的蛋白质和多种微量元素,其蛋白质主要是大分子的胶原蛋白和粘多糖成分,是女士养颜护肤美容保健佳品。医学研究发现,鱼皮中的白细胞异亮氨酸有抗癌作用。以干罗非鱼皮为例每100g中含蛋白质含量61.1g、脂肪0.5g,其主要蛋白质为胶原蛋白,对美容补钙都有好处。但现在用鱼皮加工的食品腥味太重,而且保存时间越长,这种腥味更严重。
芦荟是一种百合科肉质草本植物,原产于非洲。传入我国的芦荟主要是美国的库拉索芦荟、日本木立芦荟和好望角芦荟,经多年栽培种植形成了独特的中国芦荟。芦荟含有丰富的多糖、蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素、活性酶及多种微量元素。它的代表成分是芦荟蒽醌,芦荟由于含有多种生物活性物质,在民间被作为杀菌抗炎、美容、护发和治疗皮肤疾病的天然药物。其药性为归肝经、心经、胃经、大肠经。芦荟主要功效为:杀菌作用;抗炎作用;湿润美容作用;健胃下泄作用;强心活血作用;免疫和抗肿瘤作用;解毒作用;抗衰老作用;镇痛镇静作用。芦荟利用部位是叶片,主要含有芦荟素、芦荟大黄素等蒽醌类化合物。蒽醌类化合物是芦荟有机活性成分中最主要部分,包括芦荟大黄素甙(Aloin),又称芦荟素、芦荟甙、芦荟大黄素(Aloeemodin)。其中芦荟素是最基本的成分之一,有资料显示中国芦荟中芦荟素含量平均为:335.28mg/g。据戴如琴等报道:中国芦荟叶中多糖的组份为甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖,总含量3.45%。相对含量甘露糖为60.73%,半乳糖16.42%,葡萄糖9.16%,木糖3.83%,阿拉伯糖5.45%,鼠李糖4.42%。总蛋白质含量9.50%以上。
蜂蜜味甘,性平,自古就是滋补强身、排毒养颜的佳品。《神农本草经》记载:“久服强志轻身,不老延年”。蜂蜜富含维生素B2、维生素C,以及果糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、有机酸、钾、钠、铁、氧化酶等多种成分。其中碳水化物含量70%-80%,葡萄糖和果糖占65%-80%;蔗糖含量不超过8%;水分16%-25%;蛋白质0.5%左右;脂肪1.5%左右;糊精和非糖物质、矿物质、有机酸等含量在5%左右。对润肺止咳、润肠通便、排毒养颜有显著功效。近代医学研究证明,蜂蜜中的主要成分葡萄糖和果糖,易被人体吸收利用。常吃蜂蜜能达到排出毒素、美容养颜的效果,对防治心血管疾病和神经衰弱等症也很有好处。
椰果又称椰子凝胶,椰果属于微生物的发酵产物,系acetobacter xylinium(木质醋酸菌)在液态培养基中生长所形成的代谢产物。椰果的食疗价值在于能消除便秘,促进肠道蠕动,抑制有害物质在人体内被吸收,利于排泄有害物质,调节血糖值,预防糖尿病的形成,调节血脂。100克椰果中营养成分含量:纤维素1.80克、蛋白质0.10克、脂肪0.20克、碳水化合物13.80克。
卡拉胶,由1,3-β-D-吡喃半乳糖和1,4-β-D-吡喃半乳糖相间结合而成的直链多糖硫酸酯,它是一种食品添加剂,具有高强的凝胶性和高粘特性,令人满意的弹性,透明度和溶解性。稳定性好,具有良好的与蛋白质结合性质,能与带正电荷的蛋白质分子间形成离子间的相互作用,其主要成分是半乳糖及脱水半乳糖所组成的多糖类硫酸酯的钙、钾、钠、铵盐。
发明内容
针对上述领域中的缺陷,本发明提供一种鱼皮胶原蛋白溶液的制备方法,经过多次脱腥处理,制得的鱼皮胶液腥味小,且保存期长。
上述方法得到的鱼皮胶液为主要原料,制成的鱼皮胶原蛋白膏,是一种胶原蛋白为主要成分的膏状即食方便食品,具有排毒养颜的功效。
鱼皮胶原蛋白溶液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)预处理:去鳞的鱼皮,再去皮油和杂质,清洗;
(2)一次脱腥:将清洗好的鱼皮浸泡于温度30-50℃,浓度2-5%的乙酸和浓度1-3%柠檬酸混合水溶液中,浸泡时间2-4小时;
(3)清水洗涤:将浸泡后的鱼皮用清水洗涤至无混合液残留;
(4)漂烫:将清洗后的鱼皮于85-95℃热水中漂烫1-3分钟,沥干水;
(5)熬制:将鱼皮于8-10倍水中熬制,熬至水为鱼皮质量的4-5倍时,沥去鱼皮;
(6)二次脱腥:添加沥去鱼皮后的胶液重量的1-5%的活性炭,65-75℃搅拌20-40min,滤去活性炭,得到鱼皮胶原蛋白溶液。
所述熬制为先高火至沸,转至文火,最后至慢火,熬制。
所述熬制前鱼皮切成块或段。
所述活性炭回收后重复使用。
鱼皮胶原蛋白膏,其功效成分由下列组分及重量份组成:20~35份鱼皮按上述方法制成鱼皮胶原蛋白溶液,芦荟凝胶3~10份,椰子凝胶5~10份。
鱼皮胶原蛋白膏还包括成型剂及辅料,所述成型剂为卡拉胶和水,重量份组成:卡拉胶0.1~0.5份,饮用水5~15份,所述辅料由下列组分及重量份组成:白砂糖2~10份,蜂蜜1~5份,甜味剂0.02~0.2份,酸度调节剂0.1~0.25份,缓冲剂0.05~0.15份,所述甜味剂是甜菊糖、安赛蜜或三氯蔗糖。
所述酸度调节剂是有机酸;所述缓冲剂是柠檬酸钠、或磷酸盐。
所述有机酸为柠檬酸、乳酸或苹果酸,所述磷酸盐为三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠。
上述鱼皮胶原蛋白膏的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按上述方法制得鱼皮胶原蛋白溶液备用,
(2)溶胶:卡拉胶在温度75-85℃,用水充分搅拌至溶解,
(3)将鱼皮胶原蛋白溶液、溶解后的卡拉胶液、白砂糖、蜂蜜、甜味剂、酸度调节剂、缓冲剂在调配罐中混合均匀;
(4)将芦荟凝胶、椰子凝胶清洗后在另一容器中按配料比例混合,得果粒料;
(5)按比例先灌果粒料,然后热灌装步骤(3)中的液体料;
(6)灭菌,冷却得产品。
所述灭菌为采用85-95℃水浴灭菌,灭菌时间10-30min。
鱼腥味的特征成分包括存在于鱼皮粘液内的δ-2氨基戊酸、δ-2氨基戊醛和六氢吡啶类化合物等,其前体物质主要是碱性氨基酸。鱼体内的氧化三甲胺在微生物和酶的作用下还原生成三甲胺和二甲胺,三甲胺与6-2氨基戊酸、六氢吡啶等成分共同存在增强了鱼腥味。海水鱼含氧化三甲胺多于淡水鱼,所以一般海水鱼的腥味比淡水鱼更为强烈。鱼腥味成分还包括鱼体内的多不饱和脂肪酸的氧化产物,例如2,4-癸二烯醛等。构成藻类腥味的主要是萜烯类化合物、胺类物质及吡啶类物质。本发明在制备鱼皮胶液的过程中,经过两次脱腥处理:第一次化学方法(也称酸碱法),第二次物理方法(也称吸附法)。经过预处理的鱼皮用化学方法进行第一次脱腥,即酸碱法脱腥:鱼皮蛋白经酸性柔和的有机酸液浸泡,鱼皮的pH值降低,鱼皮蛋白质发生温和的酸变性,鱼皮粘液内的腥味物质δ-2氨基戊酸、δ-2氨基戊醛和六氢吡啶类等化合物被溶出。另外有机酸具有杀菌和消除组胺的作用,在加工、贮藏过程中抑制微生物的繁殖。在工艺过程中鱼皮熬制成鱼皮胶原蛋白溶液,对胶液再用物理方法进行第二次脱腥,即吸附法脱腥:活性炭是一种多孔性碳物质,具有高度的孔隙结构和巨大的表面积,因此具有很强的吸附性。活性炭能够脱去一定的鱼腥味,并且具有脱色作用。活性炭可以重复利用。
本发明得到的鱼皮胶原蛋白溶液,腥味小,质保期长,可用于制成食品或与其它原料辅配进一步深加成其它产品。本发明将其制成了鱼皮胶原蛋白膏。
鱼皮胶原蛋白膏的配料组成为(重量比):鱼皮20~45份制成的鱼皮胶原蛋白溶液,芦荟凝胶3~10份,椰子凝胶5~10份,卡拉胶0.1~0.5份,甜味剂3~10份,酸度调节剂0.1~0.25份,缓冲剂0.05~0.15份,饮用水5~15份。
本发明是以鱼皮为主要原料,辅以芦荟凝胶、椰子凝胶,以卡拉胶为胶联剂,经过原料处理、一次脱腥、熬制、二次脱腥、调配、灌装、杀菌、冷却等工艺制成的一种以胶原蛋白为主要成分的膏状即食方便食品。三种功效成分综合了动物蛋白,植物蛋白,微生物蛋白,三种蛋白有机的结合在一起,具有排毒养颜的功效。
鱼皮胶原蛋白、芦荟凝胶和椰子凝胶具有相同相似成分和功效,以鱼皮胶原蛋白、芦荟凝胶和椰子凝胶为伍,以卡拉胶为胶联剂,利用特殊生产工艺生产出既有营养成分又有保健功能的“鱼皮胶原蛋白膏”。
鱼皮含有丰富的胶原蛋白、粘多糖、微量元素和矿物质,是养颜护肤美容保健佳品。芦荟凝胶与鱼皮同样含有丰富的多糖、蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素、活性酶及多种微量元素,具有杀菌抗炎、养颜美容和提高免疫力的功效。。椰子凝胶的食疗价值在于调整胃肠功能,抑制有害物质在人体内被吸收,利于排泄有害物质。通过椰子凝胶的排毒,抑毒作用,使体内毒素不易沉积,结合芦荟的杀菌抗炎作用,使皮肤上的疮伤口快速愈合,进一步提高免疫力,同时由于鱼皮和芦荟中含有大量的蛋白质,微量元素,可以改善皮肤结构,使皮肤紧致,富有弹性。辅料中的蜂蜜含丰富的单糖和酶类,也具有排除毒素、美容养颜的效果。
本发明鱼皮胶原蛋白膏具有排毒养颜的功效,对于排便困难,易便秘,和脸上易长痤疮,青春痘的人群具有特别好的辅助治疗作用。鱼皮经过二次脱腥后,腥味小,再辅加其它原料,味道酸甜可口,特别适用于爱美女士,是不可多得美容食疗产品。
附图说明
图1鱼皮胶原蛋白膏的生产工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
椰子凝胶和芦荟凝胶是市售的果粒料。
鱼皮胶原蛋白膏工艺说明:
(1)预处理:新鲜鱼清洗→去鳞→剥皮→去麸皮及杂质→清洗。
(2)一次脱腥:将清洗好的鱼皮浸泡于温度30-50℃,浓度2-5%的乙酸和浓度1-3%柠檬酸混合液中,浸泡时间2-4小时。
(3)清水洗涤:将脱腥后的鱼皮用清水洗涤至无脱腥液残留。
(4)漂烫:将清洗后的鱼皮于85-95℃热水中漂烫1-3分钟,沥干水,冷却。
(5)切制:切块或切段。
(6)熬制:将鱼皮块或鱼皮段于8-10倍水中熬制。开始高火至沸,转至文火,最后至慢火,熬至鱼皮质量的4-5倍,沥去鱼皮,得鱼皮胶液。
(7)二次脱腥:添加1-5%(w/v)活性炭(吸附助剂)于鱼皮胶液中,75-85℃搅拌20-40min,滤去活性炭。
(8)溶胶:卡拉胶在温度75-85℃,约20-30倍水中充分搅拌至溶解。
(9)调配:将鱼皮胶液、溶解后的卡拉胶液、甜味剂、酸度调节剂、缓冲剂在调配罐中混合均匀。
(10)块料混合:芦荟凝胶、椰子凝胶预处理后在另一容器中按配料比例混合,得果粒料。
(11)灌装:可以是塑料杯、玻璃容器及食品易拉罐。按比例先灌果粒料,然后热灌装液体料。
(12)灭菌:灌装后的产品于85-95℃水浴灭菌10-30min,冷却得产品。
实施例1:
(1)取新鲜鲤鱼10公斤,清洗→去鳞→剥皮→去皮油和杂质→清洗。得鱼皮1.75公斤。
(2)将清洗好的鱼皮浸泡于温度40℃,浓度3%的乙酸和浓度2%柠檬酸混合液中,浸泡时间2.5小时,用清水洗涤至无脱腥液残留。
(3)清洗后的鱼皮于85℃热水中漂烫2分钟,沥干水,冷却。切成5-10毫米块。
(4)将鱼皮块于8倍水中熬制。高火至沸,转至文火,最后至慢火,熬至鱼皮质量的4倍,沥去鱼皮,得鱼皮胶原蛋白溶液7公斤。
(5)将15克椰壳活性炭(吸附助剂)清洗后加入鱼皮胶液中,78℃温度下搅拌30min,滤去活性炭。
(6)取卡拉胶8克溶于温度80℃,30倍水中,搅拌至溶解。
(7)将鱼皮胶原蛋白溶液、溶解后的卡拉胶液、白砂糖380克、蜂蜜50克、甜菊糖1克(甜味剂)、柠檬酸(酸味剂)7.2克、柠檬酸钠(缓冲剂)4.2克在调配罐中混合均匀。
(8)将芦荟凝胶150克,椰子凝胶250克进行清洗处理,在另一容器中混合,得果粒料。
(9)将果粒料15克灌装于200mL聚丙烯塑料杯中,然后热灌装液体料至200mL(说明:液体以容积单位计算,比重约为1),用聚丙烯塑料膜封盖。
(10)灌装后的产品于88℃水浴灭菌20min,冷却得产品。
实施例2:
(1)取新鲜大马哈鱼10公斤,清洗→去鳞→剥皮→去皮油和杂质→清洗。得鱼皮1.68公斤。
(2)将清洗好的鱼皮浸泡于温度40℃,浓度4%的乙酸和浓度2%柠檬酸混合液中,浸泡时间2小时,用清水洗涤至无脱星液残留。
(3)清洗后的鱼皮于90℃热水中漂烫1分钟,沥干水,冷却。切成5-10毫米块。
(4)将鱼皮块于10倍水中熬制。高火至沸,转至文火,最后至慢火,熬至鱼皮质量的4倍,沥去鱼皮,得鱼皮胶原蛋白溶液6.72公斤。
(5)将12克椰壳活性炭(吸附助剂)清洗后加入鱼皮胶液中,75℃温度下搅拌25min,滤去活性炭。
(6)取卡拉胶7克溶于温度80℃,30倍水中,搅拌至溶解。
(7)将鱼皮胶原蛋白溶液、溶解后的卡拉胶液、白砂糖350克、蜂蜜50克、甜菊糖1克、柠檬酸6.2克、柠檬酸钠4.0克在调配罐中混合均匀。
(8)将芦荟凝胶150克,椰子凝胶260克进行清洗处理,在另一容器中混合,得果粒料。
(9)将果粒料12克灌装于200mL聚丙烯塑料杯中,然后热灌装液体料至200mL(说明:液体以容积单位计算,比重约为1),用聚丙烯塑料膜封盖。
(10)灌装后的产品于90℃水浴灭菌15min,冷却得产品。
临床数据:
本产品试用数据统计:
试用者35人,其中女性22人,男性13,年龄分布:25-30岁10人,30-40岁12人,40-50岁13人,试用者易上火,脸上经常长痤疮,脸色灰黄,排便困难,导致肛裂。
试用方式:将本发明实施例1、2、3所得产品随机分发给试用者,每天早晚各一次,每次200ml(一杯)。
试用期间:二个月。
试用效果:其中22人感觉痤疮面积减小,症状减轻,皮肤较以前要好,排便导致肛裂者痊愈,一个月内不再发生;其中10人感觉皮肤肤色较以前好,且感觉水润富有弹性。其中3人感觉不明显。本产品有效率达94%左右。
结论:本鱼皮胶原蛋白膏具有排毒养颜的功效,可以作为保健食品经常食用。
Claims (10)
1.鱼皮胶原蛋白溶液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)预处理:去鳞的鱼皮,再去皮油和杂质,清洗;
(2)一次脱腥:将清洗好的鱼皮浸泡于温度30-50℃,浓度2-5%的乙酸和浓度1-3%柠檬酸混合水溶液中,浸泡时间2-4小时;
(3)清水洗涤:将脱腥后的鱼皮用清水洗涤至无混合液残留;
(4)漂烫:将清洗后的鱼皮于85-95℃热水中漂烫1-3分钟,沥干水;
(5)熬制:将鱼皮于8-10倍水中熬制,熬至水为鱼皮质量的4-5倍时,沥去鱼皮;
(6)二次脱腥:添加沥去鱼皮后的胶液重量的1-5%的活性炭,65-75℃搅拌20-40min,滤去活性炭,得到鱼皮胶原蛋白溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,所述熬制为先高火至沸,转至文火,最后至慢火。
3.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,所述熬制前鱼皮切成块或段。
4.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,所述活性炭回收后重复使用。
5.鱼皮胶原蛋白膏,其功效成分由下列组分及重量份组成:20~35份鱼皮按权利要求1-4任一所述方法制成鱼皮胶原蛋白溶液,芦荟凝胶3~10份,椰子凝胶5~10份。
6.根据权利要求5所述的鱼皮胶原蛋白膏,其功效成分由下列组分及重量份组成:35份鱼皮按权利要求1-4任一所述方法制成鱼皮胶原蛋白溶液,芦荟凝胶10份,椰子凝胶10份;还包括成型剂及辅料,所述成型剂为卡拉胶和水,重量份组成:卡拉胶0.1~0.5份,饮用水15份,所述辅料由下列组分及重量份组成:蜂蜜1~5份,白砂糖2~10份,甜味剂0.02份,酸度调节剂0.1~0.25份,缓冲剂0.05~0.15份,所述甜味剂是甜菊糖、安赛蜜或三氯蔗糖。
7.根据权利要求6所述的鱼皮胶原蛋白膏,所述酸度调节剂是有机酸;所述缓冲剂是柠檬酸钠或磷酸盐。
8.根据权利要求7所述的鱼皮胶原蛋白膏,所述有机酸为柠檬酸、乳酸或苹果酸,所述磷酸盐为三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠。
9.权利要求6所述的鱼皮胶原蛋白膏的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按权利要求1-4任一所述方法制成鱼皮胶原蛋白溶液备用,
(2)溶胶:卡拉胶在温度75-85℃,用饮用水充分搅拌至溶解,
(3)将鱼皮胶原蛋白溶液、溶解后的卡拉胶液、蜂蜜,白砂糖、甜味剂、酸度调节剂、缓冲剂在调配罐中混合均匀,
(4)将芦荟凝胶、椰子凝胶清洗后在另一容器中按配料比例混合,得果粒料;
(5)按比例先灌果粒料,然后热灌装步骤(3)中的液体料;
(6)灭菌,冷却得产品。
10.根据权利要求9所述方法,所述灭菌为采用85-95℃水浴灭菌,灭菌时间10-30min。
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