CN103704070B - The biological control method of a kind of mythimna separata - Google Patents
The biological control method of a kind of mythimna separata Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the biological control method of a kind of mythimna separata.The biological control method of mythimna separata provided by the present invention chases after with full skirt to post fly and carry out biological control to mythimna separata; It is 1:50 that described full skirt chases after the number ratio of posting fly and described mythimna separata; Temperature is 25 DEG C; Described full skirt chases after and posts the number of eggs laid of fly every described on mythimna separata is 8-10 grain.The present invention utilizes full skirt to chase after to post fly prevention and control mythimna separata to have carried out comparatively systematic research, and room breeding observing finds that cluster parachute chases after and posts fly and play a major role to control mythimna separata population quantity by experiment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biological technical field, relate to the biological control method of a kind of mythimna separata.
Background technology
Mythimna separata Mythimna separata Walker, also known as armyworm, agrotis, multicolored worm, be subordinate to Lepidoptera Noctuidae armyworm subfamily mythimna separata to belong to, it is one of primary pest of China and other Asian countries cereal crops, it is a kind of migratory pest, there is sudden, fulminant, the regional feature concentrating harm, at present still at some areas population outbreak.Mythimna separata is a kind of typical polyphagy insect, and harm host plant kind is extensive, the perennial various gramineous plants of larval feeding.Larva mainly nibbles blade, can be eaten up by large area crop leaf at short notice, only remaining light stalk or stubble of only keeping on file during large generation.Come and go to migrate in China the North and South every year and cause harm, at present still at some areas population outbreak, cause heavy losses to agricultural production.Mythimna separata reproduction speed soon, population outbreak in a short time, after 3 ages appetite explode, the characteristic such as pesticide resistance enhancing, bring very large difficulty to control.Therefore, prevent and treat mythimna separata and should take positive bio-control method.Biological control not only can reduce the pollution of chemical pesticide to environment, and can reduce the pesticide resistance of insect.The biological control of mythimna separata is not reported up till now.
Full skirt chases after to be posted fly (Exorista civilis Rond.) and belongs to diptera Larvaevoridae (Diptera:Tachinidae).Domestic report full skirt chases after posts a kind of considerable advantage parasite that fly is mainly used for preventing and treating mythimna separata.Chase after the research of posting fly to full skirt also just to rest in the investigation of the description of kind, parasitic rate, parasitic characteristics and survival rate thereof.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the biological control method of a kind of mythimna separata.
Full skirt chase after post fly control mythimna separata in application also belong to protection scope of the present invention.
The biological control method of mythimna separata provided by the present invention chases after with full skirt to post fly and carry out biological control to mythimna separata.
In the process, described full skirt chases after the number ratio of posting fly and described mythimna separata and is specially 1:50.
In the process, temperature when carrying out biological control is specially 25 DEG C, and relative air humidity (RH) is 60%-70%.
In the process, when carrying out biological control, preferably control described full skirt and chase after that to post the number of eggs laid of fly every described on mythimna separata be 8-10 grain, concrete as 9.
In actual applications, control described full skirt and chase after that to post the number of eggs laid of fly every described on mythimna separata be 8-10 grain, realize particular by the ratio controlling parasitic fly and mythimna separata.If when parasitic ratio is 1:30, the ovum grain number of its parasitism can reach 8-10 grain, and 3-4 head full skirt of can sprouting wings chases after posts fly, and when parasitic ratio is 1:50, its egg parasitoid grain base is originally 1-2 grain, can ensure out that 1 full skirt chases after and post fly.If the numerous parasitic fly of indoor expansion, select 1:30, and field controls, and is 1:50.
When carrying out biological control to mythimna separata, by the method that comprises the steps described full skirt being chased after and posting fly and carry out Diapause inducement and diapause maintenance, realizing chasing after the control of posting fly development time to full skirt, better to carry out biological control to mythimna separata.
(1) the described full skirt of pending Diapause inducement is chased after post fly and be placed in temperature 17 ± 1 DEG C (as 17 DEG C), photoperiod L8:D16 to L12:D12(as L8:D16, L10:D14 or L12:D12) condition under induce, described full skirt is chased after post fly to enter diapause state;
(2) the described full skirt entering diapause state that step (1) obtains is chased after post under fly proceeds to temperature 4 DEG C, dark condition and store.
In step (1), the full skirt of described pending Diapause inducement chases after and posts fly is that full skirt chases after the ovum posting fly; The time of carrying out described induction is 9-12 days.
In step (1), intensity of illumination is 4000-5000LX; Relative air humidity in described condition is 60%-70%.
In step (2), within time of described storage can be 120 days, within being preferably 60 days, as 30-60 days.Intensity of illumination in described condition is 4000-5000LX; Relative air humidity in described condition is 60%-80%.
Chasing after to described full skirt the host posted when fly carries out Diapause inducement or diapause maintenance is above mythimna separata, as 5-6 mythimna separata in age.
In the biological control method of mythimna separata provided by the present invention, described full skirt chases after to be posted fly and specifically can be full skirt to be laid eggs and chase after and post fly; Described mythimna separata can be 5-6 mythimna separata in age.
The biological control method of mythimna separata provided by the present invention, is also applicable to expand numerous full skirt and chases after and post fly.
The present invention utilizes full skirt to chase after to post fly prevention and control mythimna separata to have carried out comparatively systematic research.Room breeding observing finds that cluster parachute chases after and posts fly and play a major role to control mythimna separata population quantity by experiment.
Embodiment
The experimental technique used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method.
Material used in following embodiment, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
When following embodiment implementation data is analyzed, all utilize DPS to carry out variance analysis, significance test of difference adopts Duncans duncan's new multiple range method.
In following embodiment, photoperiod Lx:Dy represents light irradiation time x hour every day, dark duration y hour, x+y=24.
Cluster parachute chases after posts fly: be recorded in " Xiang Hongyan; Liu Aiping; Gao Shujing; Xu Linbo; Liu Changzhong. mythimna separata advantage parasite-full skirt chases after posts fly biological characteristic research [J]. Acta Prataculture; 2013,22 (3): 92-98 " public can obtain from grassland research institute, China Agriculture academy of sciences in a literary composition.
Embodiment 1, to chase after with full skirt and post fly biological control is carried out to mythimna separata
One, full skirt chases after the laboratory rearing posting fly
Chased after by full skirt after emergence and post the male and female separately raising in the disposable transparent water tumbler of 240ml of fly adult, rim of a cup gauze covers, and gauze is sewed with rayon balls, and soaks with 15% hydromel.After indoor artificial propagation to 6-7 generation, the parasitic rate posting fly greatly reduces, can be parasitic also show that female fly egg laying amount is low, lifetime, larval mortality are high, development duration is elongated, flight performance declines, consequently often the female filial generation fly quantity brought out is tending towards reducing, and vitality declines, and directly affects quality and the control efficiency of fly kind.By effective Rejuvenation, improve full skirt and chase after and post fly parasitic rate.2 kinds of methods below main employing carry out rejuvenation: one is that the fly kind hybridization of introducing separate sources promotes the rejuvenation of fly kind, by Second Year from field acquisition return post fly and the numerous fly of posting of indoor expansion carries out mating, send fly under emergence and get final product rejuvenation; Two is adopt natural host tieback to promote the rejuvenation of fly kind, namely annual 7-9 month from field acquisition mythimna separata or mythimna separata as examination host, full skirt chases after to be posted fly host in the wild and lays eggs, emergence time send fly also can rejuvenation.
Two, the raising of mythimna separata and rejuvenation
It is the glass culture dish of 15cm that red nylon rope with mythimna separata ovum is placed in the radius being covered with filter paper, keeps filter paper moistening.After mythimna separata hatching, raise by fresh wheat leaf or maize leaves, when armyworm larvae was 3 age, moving to radius is raise in the crisper of 12cm, and humid control is at 50%-60%.Every day feeds 2-3 time, and every day thoroughly screens out worm excrement once.Mythimna separata developmental rate is very fast, and population can increase fast, and raising fly amount of posting that is convenient and that breed out is large very economical.The ovum of mythimna separata can be preserved 30 days in the refrigerating box of 4 DEG C, still can hatch.
But after laboratory breeding many generations, mythimna separata also there will be the decline of vitality, Yielding ability etc., cause the full skirt of parasitic gained to chase after posting the fly kind Quality Down of fly.Therefore, after breeding many generations, take Rejuvenation, the host of high-quality is provided.Hybridize promote mythimna separata rejuvenation by introducing the host of separate sources, the mythimna separata returned from field acquisition by Second Year and the numerous mythimna separata of indoor expansion carry out mating, and the mythimna separata of lower generation of emergence gets final product rejuvenation.Also by different nutrition of feeding, rejuvenation is carried out.The numerous use wheat seedling of indoor long-term expansion is raised, by raising maize leaves or the gramineous plants from field acquisition, and also can by mythimna separata rejuvenation.
Three, chase after with full skirt and post fly biological control is carried out to mythimna separata
The present inventor from connecing fly ratio, temperature, every sticky entomogenous full skirt chase after the several aspect of the quantity of posting fly worm's ovum and have studied to chase after with full skirt and post fly to carry out biological control effect to mythimna separata.Specific as follows:
1, the determination of fly ratio is connect
Get the armyworm larvae (host) of growing to 5 ages in age-6, establish 6 density process altogether, (long × wide × high at 6 insect box, 29cm × 15cm × 15cm) put into 10,20,30,40,50,60 armyworm larvaes respectively, each insect box respectively access 1 full skirt chase after post the female fly of fly (completed mating, stalwartness and wait to lay eggs), to feed 15% hydromel to fly, to feed fresh wheat or maize leaves to larva, insect box is placed in (temperature 23 DEG C in incubator, relative air humidity 70%, photoperiod L:D=14h:10h).After fly contacts 24h with host, shifted out by female fly from insect box, residue armyworm larvae is raised respectively and is sprouted wings or death to it.After 5-8 days, observe and statistical average by the quantity of parasitism, describedly on average referred to that body surface has cluster parachute to chase after to post the mythimna separata quantity of fly blow grain by the quantity of parasitism.
Result is as shown in table 1, and as can be seen from the table, full skirt chases after to be posted the parasitic quantity of fly to armyworm larvae and increase with the increase of armyworm larvae density, and when quantity is increased to certain level, parasitic amount trend is stable.Namely full skirt chases after the optimal proportion posting fly and mythimna separata is that 1:50 is suitable.
Table 1 full skirt chases after posts the parasitization of fly to different densities mythimna separata
| Host density (N) | On average by the quantity of parasitism (Na) | Theoretical parasitic amount | 1/N | 1/Na |
| 10 | 7.2±0.51Ef | 7.15 | 0.100 | 0.1389 |
| 20 | 12.4±0.93De | 12.88 | 0.050 | 0.0806 |
| 30 | 17.1±0.68Cd | 17.58 | 0.033 | 0.0585 |
| 40 | 23.5±1.03Bc | 21.49 | 0.025 | 0.0426 |
| 50 | 28.1±0.66Aa | 24.82 | 0.020 | 0.0356 |
| 60 | 24.6±0.86Bb | 27.66 | 0.017 | 0.0407 |
Note: in table, data (mean value ± standard error) newly answer range test through DuncanShi, after each row of data, different capitalization represents that difference is extremely significantly (P < 0.01); Different lowercase alphabet shows significant difference (P < 0.05).
2, the determination of temperature
Get the armyworm larvae (host) of growing to 5 ages in age-6, (long × wide × high at 4 insect box, 29cm × 15cm × 15cm) respectively put into 50 armyworm larvaes, each insect box respectively access 1 full skirt chase after post the female fly of fly (completed mating, stalwartness and wait to lay eggs), to feed 15% hydromel to fly, to feed fresh wheat or maize leaves to larva, 4 insect box are placed in respectively the incubator interior (relative air humidity is 70%, and the photoperiod is L:D=14h:10h) of different temperatures (15 DEG C, 20 DEG C, 25 DEG C, 30 DEG C).After fly contacts 24h with host, shifted out by female fly from insect box, residue armyworm larvae is raised respectively and is sprouted wings or death to it.After 5-8 days, observe and add up parasitic quantity, described parasitic quantity refers to that body surface has cluster parachute to chase after to post the mythimna separata quantity of fly blow grain.And by put into by the mythimna separata of parasitism the insect box (radius is 12cm) filling vermiculite and earth, this process is still carried out in the incubator often organizing respective temperature, to spray water every day moisturizing observe full skirt and chase after the worm cocoon number of posting fly and go out fly number, thus calculate eclosion rate (eclosion rate=go out fly number/worm cocoon number × 100%).
Result is as shown in table 3, and visible full skirt chases after that to post the eclosion rate of fly 25 DEG C time the highest, reaches 64.4%.Illustrate that full skirt chases after and post fly with this understanding, effect is controlled to the control of mythimna separata best.
Table 3 different temperatures full skirt chases after the eclosion rate posting fly
| Temperature | Parasitic quantity | Go out fly quantity | Eclosion rate (%) |
| 15℃ | 15.6±0.51Cc | 13.4±1.02Cc | 26.8±0.02Cc |
| 20℃ | 23.6±0.93Bb | 22.4±1.36Bb | 44.8±0.03Bb |
| 25℃ | 33.8±1.24Aa | 32.2±1.16Aa | 64.4±0.03Aa |
| 30℃ | 18.0±0.71Cc | 16.2±1.39Cc | 32.4±0.03Cc |
Note: in table, data (mean value ± standard error) newly answer range test through DuncanShi, after each row of data, different capitalization represents that difference is extremely significantly (P < 0.01); Different lowercase alphabet shows significant difference (P < 0.05).
3, every sticky entomogenous full skirt chases after the determination of posting fly egg counts
Get and chased after by the different full skirt of parasitism the armyworm larvae (5 age in age-6) posting fly egg counts, every sticky entomogenous full skirt is set respectively and chases after and post 12 groups that fly egg counts is 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,13,15.Put into often organizing armyworm larvae the insect box that radius is 5.5cm respectively, and put into moistening cotton ball, keep humidity, observe and record often group worm full skirt chasing after the emergence situation of posting fly.
Result is as shown in table 4, and along with every sticky entomogenous full skirt chases after the increase of posting fly egg counts, going out fly quantity also increases gradually, but when being increased to certain level, starts to decline.When full skirt chase after post fly on a mythimna separata, produce 8-10 grain ovum time, 3-4 head full skirt can be hatched and chase after and post fly.Chase after with full skirt post fly biological control is carried out to mythimna separata time, while control mythimna separata, 4-5 head full skirt can be hatched chase after and post fly, its advantage is that not only can reduce raising full skirt chases after the cost posting fly, and while Control pests, the population quantity of natural enemy also obviously increases, and controls there is good effect to follow-on mythimna separata.
The full skirt of the upper parasitic varying number of every, table 4 mythimna separata chase after full skirt when posting fly worm's ovum chase after post fly go out fly quantity
| Parasitic quantity | Go out fly number (head) |
| 1 | 0.71±0.18e |
| 2 | 1.43±0.20de |
| 3 | 1.71±0.26cde |
| 4 | 2.14±0.26cd |
| 5 | 2.14±0.34cd |
| 6 | 2.43±0.29bcd |
| 7 | 2.57±0.37bc |
| 8 | 2.71±0.42bc |
| 9 | 3.86±0.40a |
| 10 | 3.29±0.52ab |
| 13 | 2.0±0.31cd |
| 15 | 1.86±0.34cd |
Note: in table, data (mean value ± standard error) newly answer range test through DuncanShi, and after each row of data, different lowercase alphabet shows significant difference (P < 0.05).
Embodiment 2, full skirt chase after the diapause regulation and control of posting fly
When carrying out biological control to mythimna separata, posting fly carry out Diapause inducement by chasing after described full skirt, realizing chasing after the control of posting fly development time to full skirt, better to carry out biological control to mythimna separata.
Following embodiment all adopts international parasitic fly diapause criterion, and general principle is based on the rule of effective temperature summation, when certain worm state of certain parasitic fly remains unfulfilled growth within three times of times of the shortest development duration, namely assert it is enter diapause status.More concrete, judge in the present invention that full skirt chases after to post fly and whether enter diapause status and determine as follows: if full skirt chases after and posts this worm state of fly " larva " remain unfulfilled growth within three times of times (namely 27 days) of the shortest development duration, namely from egg hatching becomes larva, in 27 days, full skirt chases after the larva of posting fly and fails to enter " pupa " this worm state, then assert that full skirt chases after and post fly and enter diapause status.
One, full skirt chases after the Diapause inducement posting fly
Arrange 4 different temperatures (17 DEG C, 21 DEG C, 25 DEG C and 29 DEG C) photoperiod different from 5 (L8:D16, L10:D14, L12:D12, L14:D10, L16:D8), totally 20 process, each process 50 5 age ~ armyworm larvae (host) in 6 ages, repeat 3 times.Full skirt after mating 1d is chased after and posts the female fly of fly and armyworm larvae to be together placed in insect box (long × wide × high, 29cm × 15cm × 15cm) in, in insect box middle berth one deck wheat seedling or maize leaves, put into the climatic cabinate of different photoperiod and Temperature Treatment (wherein, intensity of illumination during illumination is 4000 ~ 5000LX, relative air humidity is 60%-70%), full skirt is chased after and posts fly and carry out Diapause inducement (Diapause inducement from " ovum " this worm state), induction 9-12 days.After having induced, proceed to normal rearing conditions, namely 23 DEG C, L16:D8, RH raise in the illumination box of 60%, each processed group full skirt of observed and recorded chases after the diapause situation of posting fly.
Result is as table 5, and photoperiod and temperature are that full skirt chases after the Major environment impacts factor of posting fly Diapause inducement.Along with the rising of temperature, Diapause rate declines; When 17 DEG C, Diapause rate is the highest, and namely 17 DEG C is best diapause temperature.
Under table 5 indoor conditions, the temperature and light cycle chases after the impact of posting fly diapause on full skirt
Note: in table, data (mean value ± standard error) newly answer range test through DuncanShi, after each row of data, different capitalization represents that difference is extremely significantly (P < 0.01); Different lowercase alphabet shows significant difference (P < 0.05)." pupa " in table in " pupa number " pupates for mythimna separata, namely investigates pupa number, because full skirt chases after, to post fly be grow in pin main body, finally sprouts wings into adult, thus observed be mythimna separata pupa.
Two, full skirt chases after the Sustainable use posting fly
1, full skirt chases after the eclosion rate posting fly
The mythimna separata pupated (parasitism have the full skirt entering diapause state to chase after post fly larva) is positioned in the plastic containers filling moist fine sand, then put it in 4 ± 2 DEG C, refrigerator, preserve under full dark condition, moisturizing of spraying water every day, maintain relative air humidity 60%-80%.The mythimna separata pupa regularly having diapause state full skirt to chase after parasitism to post fly larva takes out and puts into temperature 23 ± 1 DEG C from refrigerator, the incubator of photoperiod L16: D8 carries out full skirt and chases after the emergence of posting fly, observes and adds up the eclosion rate refrigerating parasitic fly after different time.8 process (8 cold preservation times, in table 6) are established in experiment altogether, and each process 3-5 grain parasitism has diapause state full skirt to chase after the mythimna separata pupa posting fly larva.The mythimna separata pupa simultaneously having non-diapause state full skirt to chase after to post fly larva with the parasitism of non-chilling treatment in contrast (CK).Experiment repetition 5 times, results averaged.
2, the full skirt after sprouting wings chases after the life-span of posting fly
Full skirt after emergence step 1 obtained chases after to be posted fly and becomes fly to put into insect box, every box is introduced a pair full skirt and is chased after and post fly (the male fly of 1 female fly+1), with the nutrition as a supplement of the hydromel of mass fraction 15%, mating 24h under the condition of temperature 23 DEG C, photoperiod L16: D8, then inoculate, chase after by the full skirt after mating 1d and post the female fly of fly and parasitize armyworm larvae.Repeat 3 times.Often pair of fly inoculates 50 5-6 armyworm larvaes in age for female fly parasitism, takes out male and female fly and continue inoculation, until the death of male and female fly after 24h.Statistics full skirt chases after the life-span of the one-tenth fly after posting fly emergence.
3, result
Find that the storage time longer full skirt that can significantly reduce chases after the eclosion rate (table 6) posting fly.Full skirt without storage chases after and posts fly eclosion rate is 85.1%.Along with the passing in storage time, full skirt chases after the eclosion rate posting fly obviously to be reduced, and between the eclosion rate in the different storage times of " 0-150 days ", there is pole significant difference (p < 0.01), female, male fly life-span and control group have significant difference (P>0.05), illustrate full skirt chase after post fly diapause worm cocoon low temperature storage 30d, 60d to its eclosion rate, life-span, there is no considerable influence, therefore time 30d or 60d can as suitable storage time.Therefore, long-time storage full skirt chases after the eclosion rate posting fly and significantly reduces.Above result show to full skirt chase after post fly diapause worm cocoon do short-term store 30-60d comparatively suitable.
Table 6 low temperature storage chases after the impact of posting fly on full skirt
Note: in table, data (mean value ± standard error) newly answer range test through DuncanShi, after each row of data, different capitalization represents that difference is extremely significantly (P < 0.01); Different lowercase alphabet shows significant difference (P < 0.05).
Claims (4)
1. a biological control method for mythimna separata chases after with full skirt to post fly and carry out biological control to mythimna separata;
In the process, it is 1:50 that described full skirt chases after the number ratio of posting fly and described mythimna separata;
In the process, temperature when carrying out biological control is 25 DEG C;
In the process, when carrying out biological control, described full skirt chases after and posts the number of eggs laid of fly every described on mythimna separata is 8-10 grain;
Described full skirt chases after to be posted fly and carries out Diapause inducement and diapause maintenance according to the method comprised the steps:
(1) the described full skirt of pending Diapause inducement is chased after post under fly is placed in the condition of temperature 17 ± 1 DEG C, photoperiod L8:D16 to L12:D12 and induce, described full skirt is chased after post fly to enter diapause state;
(2) the described full skirt entering diapause state that step (1) obtains is chased after post under fly proceeds to temperature 4 DEG C, dark condition and store;
In step (1), the full skirt of described pending Diapause inducement chases after and posts fly is that full skirt chases after the ovum posting fly; The time of carrying out described induction is 9-12 days.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (2), and the time of described storage is within 120 days.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in step (2), and the time of described storage is within 60 days.
4., according to described method arbitrary in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: described mythimna separata is 5-6 mythimna separata in age.
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| CN105475239B (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2019-04-02 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | The rejuvenation method of full skirt Exorista civilis |
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| WO2009034178A1 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-19 | Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux | Treatment method using biological control |
| CN102106324A (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2011-06-29 | 云南农业大学 | Method for breeding exorista japonica townsend by using argyrogramma agnate as intermediate host |
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| WO2009034178A1 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-19 | Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux | Treatment method using biological control |
| CN102106324A (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2011-06-29 | 云南农业大学 | Method for breeding exorista japonica townsend by using argyrogramma agnate as intermediate host |
| CN103125451A (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2013-06-05 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Method for propagating Exorista civilis Rondani |
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