CN103626144B - 高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸及其制备方法 - Google Patents

高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103626144B
CN103626144B CN201310687363.2A CN201310687363A CN103626144B CN 103626144 B CN103626144 B CN 103626144B CN 201310687363 A CN201310687363 A CN 201310687363A CN 103626144 B CN103626144 B CN 103626144B
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朱英杰
路丙强
陈�峰
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Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of CAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸及其制备方法,将羟基磷灰石超长纳米线/微米线分散在溶剂中后经分离、干燥制得所述高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸,其中所述溶剂为水或醇,所述醇包括乙醇、甲醇、丙醇和/或丁醇。本发明的方法制备工艺简单、操作方便、环境友好,不需要复杂昂贵的设备,易于实现工业化生产。

Description

高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于无机纳米材料制备领域,涉及一种高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸及其制备方法。
背景技术
纸是一种基本的书写和打印材料,其应用的历史已经超过上千年。传统的纸是由植物纤维素和其它辅料经过特殊工艺制备而成的。为了增强纸张的白度、光洁度和分辨率常加入一些无机材料如碳酸钙、黏土等无机材料作为辅料或涂层。由于现代技术的发展和人类需求的增长,人类每年消费的纸张数量巨大,且逐年增加,由此导致的森林砍伐、环境污染等问题也日益严重。此外,由于纸张中的木质素会在光和氧气的作用下变黄,导致纸自身会随着时间而变黄,严重影响书写和打印质量。
为了解决传统造纸方法带来的环境问题并提高纸的使用功能,人们开始研发新的纸张,但是其使用功能很难达到传统的纸张水平,而且在生产、使用和降解过程中可能会对环境造成污染。近年来人们开始着眼于制备以无机材料为主体成分的纸张。用于制备纸张的无机材料需要具有白色、无毒、高柔韧性、易加工成薄层结构等特点,但是很少有无机材料能够达到这些要求。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明旨在提供一种采用新型的白色、无毒、高柔韧性、易加工成薄层结构的无机材料来制备高柔韧性耐高温不燃无机纸张。
羟基磷灰石作为一种非常重要的磷酸钙类材料,是脊椎类动物硬组织的主要无机成分,具有良好的生物相容性,也具有很高的白色度。另外羟基磷灰石在海洋水体中也大量存在,来源广,有望成为一种理想的无机纸张的制备原料,但是由于羟基磷灰石材料的柔韧性很差,其应用受到了制约,高柔韧性的羟基磷灰石材料的制备一直是一个很大的挑战。本发明着眼于制备一种高柔韧性的羟基磷灰石材料,并由此制备出一种高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸。
在此,本发明提供一种高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸的制备方法,包括将羟基磷灰石超长纳米线/微米线(优选羟基磷灰石超长纳米线)分散在溶剂中后经分离、干燥制得所述高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸,其中所述溶剂为水或醇(包括但不局限于乙醇、甲醇、丙醇和/或丁醇)。
本发明以羟基磷灰石超长纳米线/微米线原料,通过简单的分离、干燥处理去除溶剂就可得到高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸,制备工艺简单、操作方便、环境友好,不需要复杂昂贵的设备,易于实现工业化生产。制得的羟基磷灰石纸白度、光洁度高,且具有很高的柔韧性,可被弯曲、弯折、甚至卷曲而不产生明显损伤,将其用于打印文字和图案,有很高的打印质量,此外制得的羟基磷灰石纸具有耐高温性,且不燃烧,可用于保存重要的文件和档案,还可用于生物医药和污染物处理等领域。
较佳地,所述溶剂可添加粘结剂。
较佳地,所述粘结剂可包括无机盐粘结剂和有机聚合物粘结剂,所述无机盐粘结剂可包括但不局限于硅酸钠、硅酸钾、硼酸钠和/或硼酸钾,所述机聚合物粘结剂可包括但不局限于聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚苯乙烯和/或聚氨酯。
较佳地,所述羟基磷灰石超长纳米线/微米线通过溶剂热法制备,包括:
(1)将油酸和醇混合,搅拌下加入水溶性钙盐水溶液和强碱水溶液形成油酸钙前驱体;
(2)加入水溶性磷源水溶液,于100~220℃进行溶剂热反应1小时~7天;以及
(3)所得产物离心分离,用乙醇和水洗涤得到所述羟基磷灰石超长纳米线/微米线。
通过该法制备的羟基磷灰石超长纳米线/微米线柔韧性高,长度范围为几十微米到几百微米,其直径可为几十纳米到几百纳米,优选50~800nm。
较佳地,所述油酸和醇质量比可为1:10~10:1,优选1:1。
较佳地,所述油酸和水溶性钙盐的摩尔比可为1:5~100:1,优选1:1~30:1。
较佳地,所述水溶性钙盐可包括氯化钙、硫酸钙、醋酸钙、硝酸钙等及其水合物,所述水溶性钙盐水溶液摩尔浓度可为0.01~10摩尔/升。
较佳地,所述油酸和强碱的摩尔比可为1:10~10:1,优选1:1~2:1。
较佳地,所述强碱包括但不局限于氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾和/或氢氧化钙,所述强碱水溶液的摩尔浓度可为0.01~10摩尔/升。
较佳地,所述水溶性钙盐和水溶性磷源摩尔比可为1:5~5:1,优选1:2~2:1。
较佳地,所述水溶性磷源可包括磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸、磷酸钾、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钾及其水合物,所述水溶性磷源水溶液的摩尔浓度可为0.01~10摩尔/升。
较佳地,所述醇包括但不局限于乙醇、甲醇、丙醇、异丙醇和/或丁醇。
本发明还提供一种上述方法制备的高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸。本发明的羟基磷灰石纸呈现白色,具有很高的柔韧性和耐高温性,并且不燃烧,可用于打印高质量的文字和图案,也可用于保存重要的文件和档案,还可用于生物医药和污染物处理等领域。
附图说明
图1.羟基磷灰石超长纳米线的X射线衍射图谱;
图2.羟基磷灰石超长纳米线的透射电子显微照片;
图3.羟基磷灰石超长纳米线的扫描电子显微照片;
图4.高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸的照片;
图5.高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸的柔韧性展示;
图6.高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸用于打印文字和图案的效果展示;
图7.普通打印纸和高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸的热稳定性展示:(a-c)普通打印纸在酒精灯火焰上加热前(a)、加热中(b)、加热后(c)的照片;(d-f)所制备的高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸在酒精灯火焰上加热前(d)、加热中(e)、加热5分钟后(f)的照片;(g-i)所制备的高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸在电阻炉中加热前(g)、450℃加热1小时后(h)以及将其用镊子转移至别处(i)的照片。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和下述实施方式进一步说明本发明,应理解,附图及下述实施方式仅用于说明本发明,而非限制本发明。
本发明人经过研究发现羟基磷灰石超长纳米线可经过简单的分离、干燥制备出高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸。由于羟基磷灰石是一种热稳定性很高的无机材料,由此所得到的羟基磷灰石纸可用于保存重要的文件和档案。该羟基磷灰石纸也可用于生物医药和污染物处理等领域。
首先制备羟基磷灰石超长纳米线/微米线,优选采用溶剂热法制备:将油酸和乙醇混合,然后在搅拌下加入水溶性钙盐水溶液和强碱水溶液形成油酸钙前驱体,再加入水溶性磷源水溶液,将混合物转入到水热反应釜中进行溶剂热反应得到羟基磷灰石超长纳米线/微米线产物。将溶剂热反应产物经离心分离、用乙醇和水洗涤多次得到羟基磷灰石超长纳米线/微米线。
所述油酸和乙醇的质量比范围可为1:10~10:1,优选的质量比为1:1。
所述水溶性钙盐包括但不限于氯化钙、硫酸钙、醋酸钙、硝酸钙等及其水合物。
所述油酸和水溶性钙盐的摩尔比范围可为1:5~100:1,优选的摩尔比为1:1~30:1。
所述强碱包括但不局限于氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙。
所述的强碱浓度范围可为0.01~10摩尔/升,优选的强碱浓度为0.1~5摩尔/升。
所述油酸和强碱的摩尔比范围可为1:10~10:1,优选的摩尔比为1:1~5:1。
所述水溶性磷源包括但不局限于磷酸钠、磷酸一氢钠、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸、磷酸钾、磷酸一氢钾、磷酸二氢钾及其水合物。
所述水溶性钙盐和水溶性磷源摩尔比范围可为1:5~5:1,优选的摩尔比为1:2~2:1。
所述水溶性钙盐水溶液摩尔浓度范围为0.01~10摩尔/升,优选0.05~5摩尔/升。
所述水溶性磷源水溶液摩尔浓度范围为0.01~10摩尔/升,优选0.05~5摩尔/升。
所述溶剂热反应的温度范围为100~220℃,优选的温度为150~200℃。
所述溶剂热反应的时间范围为1小时~7天,优选的时间为5~48小时。
本发明制备羟基磷灰石纸的羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线不局限于上述溶剂热法,也可以采用其它方法制备羟基磷灰石纳米线或微米线。本发明所得到的羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线长度范围为几十微米到几百微米,其直径为几十纳米到几百纳米。
然后将上述制得羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线分散在含有粘合剂(或者不加粘合剂)的溶剂中,通过分离、干燥得到高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸。所述分离方法包括但不局限于抽滤,抽滤可采用布氏漏斗、普通漏斗或砂芯漏斗。应理解除去溶剂的方法不限于过滤,可采用蒸发溶剂、离心或压制等操作,也可结合两种以上的操作。例如将纳米线分散液倒在容器中,蒸发掉溶剂,使纳米线/微米线在底部形成羟基磷灰石纸。
所述用于分散羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线的溶剂可以为水或醇(包括但不局限于乙醇、甲醇、丙醇和/或丁醇)。
应理解所述粘合剂可不加入,也可以加入,根据应用需求确定粘合剂的使用。粘合剂包括但不局限于硅酸钠、硅酸钾、硼酸钠、硼酸钾无机盐,或/和聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯有机高分子。
本发明制备的羟基磷灰石纸的表面性质可以通过调控从疏水性变为亲水性。该纳米线/微米线通过抽滤得到的羟基磷灰石纸有很高的柔韧性,可被弯曲、弯折、甚至卷曲而不产生明显损伤,将其用于打印文字和图案,有很高的打印质量。参见图4,其示出本发明制备的高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸的光学照片,从中可见,本发明制备的高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸白度和光洁度高。参见图5,其示出本发明制备的高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸的柔韧性展示,从中可见,本发明制备的高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸能经受住钢制镊子的夹持,具有较高的柔韧性。参见图6,其示出本发明制备的高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸的用于打印文字和图案的效果展示,从中间可见,本发明制备的高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸的用于打印文字和图案效果较好。参见图7,其示出普通打印纸和本发明制备的高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸的热稳定性展示,(a-c)普通打印纸在酒精灯火焰上加热前(a)、加热中(b)、加热后(c)的光学照片;(d-f)所制备的高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸的在酒精灯火焰上加热前(d)、加热中(e)、加热5分钟后(f)的光学照片;(g-i)所制备的高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸在电阻炉中加热前(g)、450℃加热1小时后(h)以及将其用镊子转移至别处(i)的光学照片;从中可见,本发明制备的羟基磷灰石纸能耐受高温,且不燃烧。
下面进一步例举实施例以详细说明本发明。应理解,以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的技术人员根据本发明的上述内容作出的一些非本质的改进和调整均属于本发明的保护范围。下述示例具体的时间、温度、质量等工艺参数也仅是合适范围中的一个示例,即本领域技术人员可以通过本文的说明做合适的范围内选择,而并非要限定于下文示例的具体数值。
实施例1
将6.000克油酸和6.000克乙醇混合,然后在搅拌中加入10毫升0.10摩尔/升氯化钙溶液和10毫升1.25摩尔/升氢氧化钠溶液形成前驱体,再加入5毫升0.13摩尔/升二水合磷酸二氢钠溶液,再将混合物转入到水热釜加热到180℃,保温23小时。将溶剂热反应产物经离心分离,用乙醇和水洗涤多次,得到羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线。将所得羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线分散在100毫升乙醇中,倒入布氏漏斗中,用真空泵抽滤,60℃干燥得到羟基磷灰石纸。
实施例2
将6.000克油酸和6.000克乙醇混合,然后在搅拌中加入10毫升0.10摩尔/升氯化钙溶液和10毫升1.25摩尔/升氢氧化钠溶液形成前驱体,再加入5毫升0.17摩尔/升二水合磷酸二氢钠溶液,再将混合物转入到水热釜加热到180℃,保温23小时。将溶剂热反应产物经离心分离,用乙醇和水洗涤多次,得到羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线。将所得羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线分散在100毫升乙醇中,倒入布氏漏斗中,用真空泵抽滤,60℃干燥得到羟基磷灰石纸。
实施例3
将6.000克油酸和6.000克乙醇混合,然后在搅拌中加入10毫升0.10摩尔/升氯化钙溶液和10毫升1.25摩尔/升氢氧化钠溶液形成前驱体,再加入5毫升0.27摩尔/升二水合磷酸二氢钠溶液,再将混合物转入到水热釜加热到180℃,保温23小时。将溶剂热反应产物经离心分离,用乙醇和水洗涤多次,得到羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线。将所得羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线分散在100毫升乙醇中,倒入布氏漏斗中,用真空泵抽滤,60℃干燥得到羟基磷灰石纸。
实施例4
将6.000克油酸和6.000克乙醇混合,然后在搅拌中加入10毫升0.10摩尔/升氯化钙溶液和10毫升1.25摩尔/升氢氧化钠溶液形成前驱体,再加入5毫升0.39摩尔/升二水合磷酸二氢钠溶液,再将混合物转入到水热釜加热到180℃,保温23小时。将溶剂热反应产物经离心分离,用乙醇和水洗涤多次,得到羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线。将所得羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线分散在100毫升乙醇中,倒入布氏漏斗中,用真空泵抽滤,60℃干燥得到羟基磷灰石纸。
实施例5
将3.000克油酸和6.000克乙醇混合,然后在搅拌中加入10毫升0.10摩尔/升氯化钙溶液和10毫升1.25摩尔/升氢氧化钠溶液形成前驱体,再加入5毫升0.26摩尔/升二水合磷酸二氢钠溶液,再将混合物转入到水热釜加热到180℃,保温23小时。将溶剂热反应产物经离心分离,用乙醇和水洗涤多次,得到羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线。将所得羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线分散在100毫升乙醇中,倒入布氏漏斗中,用真空泵抽滤,60℃干燥得到羟基磷灰石纸。
实施例6
将6.000克油酸和6.000克乙醇混合,然后在搅拌中加入10毫升0.10摩尔/升氯化钙溶液和10毫升1.25摩尔/升氢氧化钠溶液形成前驱体,再加入5毫升0.13摩尔/升二水合磷酸二氢钠溶液,再将混合物转入到水热釜加热到180℃,保温2天。将溶剂热反应产物经离心分离,用乙醇和水洗涤多次,得到羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线。将所得羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线分散在100毫升乙醇中,倒入布氏漏斗中,用真空泵抽滤,产物用乙醇和水分别洗涤几次,60℃干燥得到羟基磷灰石纸。
实施例7
将6.000克油酸和6.000克乙醇混合,然后在搅拌中加入10毫升0.10摩尔/升氯化钙溶液和10毫升1.25摩尔/升氢氧化钠溶液形成前驱体,再加入5毫升0.13摩尔/升二水合磷酸二氢钠溶液,再将混合物转入到水热釜加热到180℃,保温6天。将溶剂热反应产物经离心分离,得到羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线。将所得羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线分散在100毫升乙醇中,倒入布氏漏斗中,用真空泵抽滤,产物用乙醇和水分别洗涤几次,60℃干燥得到羟基磷灰石纸。
实施例8
将6.000克油酸和6.000克乙醇混合,然后在搅拌中加入10毫升0.10摩尔/升氯化钙溶液和10毫升1.25摩尔/升氢氧化钠溶液形成前驱体,再加入5毫升0.26摩尔/升二水合磷酸二氢钠溶液,再将混合物转入到水热釜加热到180℃,保温2天。将溶剂热反应产物经离心分离,用乙醇和水洗涤多次,得到羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线。将所得羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线分散在100毫升乙醇中,倒入布氏漏斗中,用真空泵抽滤,产物60℃干燥得到羟基磷灰石纸。
实施例9
将6.000克油酸和6.000克乙醇混合,然后在搅拌中加入10毫升0.10摩尔/升四水合硝酸钙溶液和10毫升1.25摩尔/升氢氧化钾盐溶液形成前驱体,再加入5毫升0.39摩尔/升二水合磷酸二氢钠溶液,再将混合物转入到水热釜加热到180℃,保温2天。将溶剂热反应产物经离心分离,用乙醇和水洗涤多次,得到羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线。将所得羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线分散在100毫升乙醇中,倒入布氏漏斗中,用真空泵抽滤,产物60℃干燥得到羟基磷灰石纸。
实施例10
将6.000克油酸和6.000克乙醇混合,然后在搅拌中加入10毫升0.10摩尔/升四水合硝酸钙溶液和10毫升1.25摩尔/升氢氧化钠溶液形成前驱体,再加入5毫升0.13摩尔/升二水合磷酸二氢钠溶液,再将混合物转入到水热釜加热到180℃,保温4天。将溶剂热反应产物经离心分离,用乙醇和水洗涤多次,得到羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线。将所得羟基磷灰石纳米线/微米线分散在100毫升乙醇中,倒入布氏漏斗中,用真空泵抽滤,产物60℃干燥得到羟基磷灰石纸。
产业应用性:本发明制备方法工艺简单、成本低、环境友好适合规模化生产,制备得到的羟基磷灰石纸白度、光洁度高,且具有很高的柔韧性和耐高温性,并且不燃烧,可用于打印高质量的文字和图案,也可用于保存重要的文件和档案,还可用于生物医药和污染物处理等领域。

Claims (13)

1.一种高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸的制备方法,其特征在于,将羟基磷灰石超长纳米线/微米线分散在溶剂中后经分离、干燥制得所述高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸,其中所述溶剂为水或醇,所述醇包括乙醇、甲醇、丙醇和/或丁醇,所述羟基磷灰石超长纳米线/微米线长度为几十微米到几百微米,直径为几十纳米到几百纳米,所述羟基磷灰石纸能够用于书写、打印文字和图案。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂中可添加粘结剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述粘结剂包括无机盐粘结剂和有机聚合物粘结剂,所述无机盐粘结剂包括硅酸钠、硅酸钾、硼酸钠和/或硼酸钾,所述机聚合物粘结剂包括聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚苯乙烯和/或聚氨酯。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述羟基磷灰石超长纳米线/微米线通过溶剂热法制备,包括:
(1)将油酸和醇混合,搅拌下加入水溶性钙盐水溶液和强碱水溶液形成油酸钙前驱体;
(2)加入水溶性磷源水溶液,于100~220℃进行溶剂热反应1小时~7天;
(3)所得产物离心分离,用乙醇和水洗涤得到所述羟基磷灰石超长纳米线/微米线。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述油酸和醇质量比为1:10~10:1。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述油酸和水溶性钙盐的摩尔比为1:5~100:1。
7.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水溶性钙盐包括氯化钙、硫酸钙、醋酸钙、硝酸钙和/或其水合物,所述水溶性钙盐水溶液摩尔浓度为0.01~10摩尔/升。
8.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述油酸和强碱的摩尔比为1:10~10:1。
9.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述强碱包括氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾和/或氢氧化钙,所述强碱水溶液的摩尔浓度为0.01~10摩尔/升。
10.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水溶性钙盐和水溶性磷源摩尔比为1:5~5:1。
11.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水溶性磷源包括磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸、磷酸钾、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钾和/或其水合物,所述水溶性磷源水溶液的摩尔浓度为0.01~10摩尔/升。
12.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中和油酸混合的醇包括乙醇、甲醇、丙醇、异丙醇和/或丁醇。
13.一种根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的制备方法制备的高柔韧性耐高温不燃的羟基磷灰石纸。
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