CN103621388B - The soilless culture seedling method of a kind of vegetables - Google Patents
The soilless culture seedling method of a kind of vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention discloses the soilless culture seedling-cultivating method of a kind of vegetables, the method is first seeded into by vegetable seeds to be filled with in the raising tray of seedling medium, on the seedling medium that described seedling medium is mixed according to volume ratio by vermiculite 20-50 part, peat composed of rotten mosses 20-60 part, vegetable leaf residue 10-30 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed, then raising tray is transferred in the pond in greenhouse for planting vegetable, containing water and breeding nutrient solution in pond, raising tray is allowed to swim on the water surface in pond, carry out booth soilless-cultivated seedling, after 12-18 days, obtain vegetable seedling.Seedling-cultivating method of the present invention, relative to the soil nursery of traditional vegetables, has and reduces damage by disease and insect rate, reduces costs, improves the advantage that survival rate, disease resistance are strong, improve output, can realize the advantage of factorial seedling growth.<b />
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of seedling method, the soilless culture seedling method of especially a kind of vegetables, belongs to field of agricultural production technologies.
Background technology
Soilless-cultivated seedling refers in certain container, nursery is carried out with culture matrix and nutrient solution, soilless-cultivated seedling is the part of soilless culture, its quality of the seedling cultivated by the method for soilless-cultivated seedling is more neat than traditional soil nursery and the seedling be bred as is good, have that seedling is fast, seedling neat and consistent, strong sprout rate high, be convenient to mechanized operation, after planting, the advantages such as seedling transplanting seedling time is short.Batch production soilless-cultivated seedling, refers to without natural soil, and the modernization seedling raising manners that artificial or natural substrates carries out with vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, vermiculite, mineral wool etc.At present, soilless-cultivated seedling, except being applied to soilless culture, is also widely used in soil cultivation.Batch production soilless-cultivated seedling has following remarkable advantage: 1, be convenient to carry out mechanization, scale, intensive manufacture nursery, greatly reduce labour intensity, and be not subject to seasonal restrictions, the anniversary can nursery.2, reduce damage by disease and insect to occur, easily cultivate neat strong sprout, and shorten nursery seedling age, save the Vegetable produce time.3, soilless-cultivated seedling is conducive to root system development, and after field planting, slow seedling is fast, and survival rate is up to 90%.
Patent application CN103329789A discloses a kind of Chinese celery soilless culture seedling-cultivating method, and step is as follows: first, prepares seedling-cultivating tray and seedling medium, and seedling medium is tiled by multiple sponge sheet fritter and forms, and has cross-shaped through hole in the middle of sponge sheet fritter; Then described seedling medium is laid in seedling-cultivating tray; Again by the uniform broadcasting of Chinese celery seed on seedling medium, make each sponge sheet fritter surface have 8 ~ 12 Chinese celery seeds, the seedling-cultivating tray having broadcast Chinese celery seed is placed in sun-drenched booth; And timing is sprinkled water, fertilising, treats that Chinese celery is tentatively bred as strong sprout, can carry out field planting.Patent application CN103265339A discloses organic substrate of a kind of vegetables soilless-cultivated seedling and preparation method thereof, this organic substrate utilize organic waste carry out Composting become thoroughly decomposed fermentation process obtain, when preparing this organic substrate, the chicken manure 200-400 kilogram do not become thoroughly decomposed is added to 1000 kilograms of glycyrrhiza residues, every 20 cm thick, spray the aqueous solution of fresh chicken manure mixing, make glycyrrhiza residue water content reach 60-70%; In composting process, carry out turning when Radix Glycyrrhizae slag muck central temperature is more than 65 DEG C, keep the skin wet simultaneously; No longer rise when slag muck temperature is consistent with environmental temperature, matrix color is pitchy, when not having peculiar smell, substrate fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed end.This invention from environmental angle and for market provide super quality and competitive price localization matrix, organic solid castoff is utilized to produce variation, innoxious cultivation matrix, achieve the reusable edible of natural resources, provide novel cheap soilless culture substrate, there is higher economic and social benefit.
The cultivation technique without soil of vegetables is in fact also the technology of a kind of factorial praluction vegetables, factorial praluction can make peasant depart from gradually from craft work originally, agricultural production is made to realize automation, mechanization and batch production, agricultural production is made to be subject to the constraint of natural conditions no longer completely, regulation and control as required can be realized produce, obtain the food of more high-quality, safer, environmental protection.Factorial praluction vegetables and cultivation technique without soil have become the developing direction of the future of agriculture.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for above-mentioned deficiency, a kind of soilless culture seedling method method of vegetables is provided, the method, relative to traditional grow seedlings of vegetable method, has and reduces damage by disease and insect rate, reduces costs, improves the advantage that survival rate, disease resistance are strong, improve output, can realize factorial seedling growth.
In order to solve the problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows: the soilless culture seedling method of a kind of vegetables, comprises following concrete steps:
(1) prepare seedling medium and seedling-cultivating tray, seedling medium is filled in the little lattice of seedling-cultivating tray; Described seedling medium is by vermiculite 20-50 part, peat composed of rotten mosses 20-60 part, vegetable leaf residue 10-30 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed, mix according to volume ratio, described seedling-cultivating tray is square foam pallet, long 50-80cm, wide 30-40cm, high 30-40cm, it is evenly provided with long and the wide square little lattice being 25-35cm, high 30-35cm;
(2) by vegetable seeds uniform broadcasting on seedling medium, making there is 2-5 grain vegetable seeds in the seedling medium of each little lattice, being placed in pond by having broadcast the seedling-cultivating tray after seed; Described pond is arranged in the booth built in advance, and pond is built with water and breeding nutrient solution;
(3) keep raising tray to swim on the water surface in pond, carry out booth soilless-cultivated seedling, after 12-18 days, obtain vegetable seedling, can carry out being transplanted to field and determine field planting.
Before the sowing of described step (2), matrix with clear water spray thoroughly, is after planting covered in the matrix of seed last layer 1-2cm thickness again, and with the spray of breeding nutrient solution thoroughly.
Described breeding nutrient solution is the aqueous solution of Multiple components, and in often liter of nutrient solution, each component content is: nitrate of lime 1200-1300mg, potassium sulfate 200-300mg, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) 200-400mg, magnesium sulfate 500-600mg, ammonium sulfate 200-300mg.
Described vegetable seeds is through disinfecting or soak 24-48 hour in the warm water of 18-20 DEG C.
The method of becoming thoroughly decomposed of described vegetable leaf slag is: under the room temperature of 18-28 DEG C, by placement in heaps for vegetable leaf slag muck, and spray the clear water of vegetable leaf quality 1 ~ 5%, then cover plastic film, fermentation 30-65 days, then plastic film is removed, spread out, at ambient temperature, ventilation makes it natural seasoning, then pulverize, cross the sieve of 3-5 millimeter, to obtain final product.
In described step (5), the content of breeding nutrient solution in clear water is 5-30%.
Temperature condition in described booth is: day temperature 15-22 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 8-15 DEG C.
The present invention is relative to the beneficial effect of prior art: relative to the soil nursery of traditional vegetables, has to reduce damage by disease and insect rate, reduce costs, improve the advantage that survival rate, disease resistance are strong, improve output, can realize factorial seedling growth.
Embodiment
Be described in further details the present invention below by embodiment, these embodiments are only used for the present invention is described, do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1 adopts following steps to carry out the soilless culture nursery of leaf mustard: (1) is under the room temperature of 18-20 DEG C, by the placement in heaps of leaf mustard leaf slag muck, and spray the clear water of vegetable leaf quality 3%, then cover plastic film, ferment 65 days, then plastic film is removed, spread out, at ambient temperature, ventilation makes it natural seasoning, then pulverize, cross the sieve of 3-5 millimeter, obtain the vegetable leaf residue become thoroughly decomposed, (2) juncea seeds to be soaked in the warm water of 18-20 DEG C 36 hours, (3) get vermiculite 50 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 30 parts, the mustard vegetable leaf residue 20 parts that becomes thoroughly decomposed, according to the obtained standby seedling medium of volume ratio mixing, seedling medium is filled in the little lattice of seedling-cultivating tray, (4) prepare breeding nutrient solution, concentration is: in often liter of nutrient solution, following component content is: nitrate of lime 1200mg, potassium sulfate 200mg, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) 380mg, magnesium sulfate 580mg, ammonium sulfate 260mg, (5) matrix with clear water spray thoroughly by juncea seeds uniform broadcasting on seedling medium, make there is 2-5 grain seed in the seedling medium of each little lattice, after planting be covered in the matrix of seed last layer 1-2cm thickness again, and with the spray of breeding nutrient solution thoroughly, then pond is placed in by having broadcast the seedling-cultivating tray after seed, the content of breeding nutrient solution in the clear water of pond is 15%, nursery is carried out in booth, temperature condition in booth is: day temperature 15-22 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 8-15 DEG C, (6) raising tray is kept to swim on the water surface in pond, carry out booth soilless-cultivated seedling, after 12 days, obtain vegetable seedling, can carry out being transplanted to field field planting.
Embodiment 2 adopts following steps to carry out the soilless culture nursery of romaine lettuce: (1) is under the room temperature of 18-20 DEG C, by placement in heaps for Chinese leaf slag muck, and spray the clear water of vegetable leaf quality 5%, then cover plastic film, ferment 45 days, then plastic film is removed, spread out, at ambient temperature, ventilation makes it natural seasoning, then pulverize, cross the sieve of 3-5 millimeter, obtain the vegetable leaf residue become thoroughly decomposed, (2) juncea seeds to be soaked in the warm water of 18-20 DEG C 48 hours, (3) get vermiculite 30 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 65 parts, the mustard vegetable leaf residue 5 parts that becomes thoroughly decomposed, according to the obtained standby seedling medium of volume ratio mixing, seedling medium is filled in the little lattice of seedling-cultivating tray, (4) prepare breeding nutrient solution, concentration is: in often liter of nutrient solution, following component content is: nitrate of lime 1250mg, potassium sulfate 300mg, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) 250mg, magnesium sulfate 500mg, ammonium sulfate 200mg, (5) matrix with clear water spray thoroughly by juncea seeds uniform broadcasting on seedling medium, make there is 2-5 grain seed in the seedling medium of each little lattice, after planting be covered in the matrix of seed last layer 1-2cm thickness again, and with the spray of breeding nutrient solution thoroughly, then pond is placed in by having broadcast the seedling-cultivating tray after seed, the content of breeding nutrient solution in the clear water of pond is 5%, nursery is carried out in booth, temperature condition in booth is: day temperature 15-22 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 8-15 DEG C, (6) raising tray is kept to swim on the water surface in pond, carry out booth soilless-cultivated seedling, after 12 days, obtain vegetable seedling, can carry out being transplanted to field field planting.
Embodiment 3 adopts following steps to carry out the soilless culture nursery of plum dish:
(1) under the room temperature of 20-28 DEG C, plum vegetable leaf residue is piled placement, and spray the clear water of plum dish leaf quality 1%, then cover plastic film, ferment 33 days, then plastic film is removed, spread out, at ambient temperature, ventilation makes it natural seasoning, then pulverizes, and crosses the sieve of 3-5 millimeter;
(2) get vermiculite 20 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 60 parts, the plum vegetable leaf residue 20 parts that becomes thoroughly decomposed be mixed into seedling medium according to volume ratio, be filled in by seedling medium in the little lattice of seedling-cultivating tray, matrix with clear water spray thoroughly;
(3) plum colza to be soaked in the warm water of 18-20 DEG C 24 hours, by sub-for plum colza uniform broadcasting on seedling medium, make in the seedling medium of each little lattice, there is 2-5 grain plum colza, after planting be covered in the matrix of seed last layer 1-2cm thickness again, and with the spray of breeding nutrient solution thoroughly, then be placed in pond by having broadcast the seedling-cultivating tray after seed, in pond, the content of breeding nutrient solution in clear water is 20%; Controlling nursery temperature condition is: day temperature 18-22 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 8-12 DEG C; Breeding compounding concentration is: in often liter of nutrient solution, following component content is: nitrate of lime 1300mg, potassium sulfate 250mg, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) 300mg, magnesium sulfate 600mg, ammonium sulfate 300mg;
(4) keep raising tray to swim on the water surface in pond, carry out booth soilless-cultivated seedling, after 18 days, obtain plum vegetable shoots seedling, can carry out being transplanted to field and determine field planting.
Embodiment 4 adopts following steps to carry out the soilless culture seedling method of spinach:
(1) under the room temperature of 20-28 DEG C, by placement in heaps for the leaf of spinach slag muck, and spray the clear water of spinach dish leaf quality 2%, then cover plastic film, ferment 30 days, then plastic film is removed, spread out, at ambient temperature, ventilation makes it natural seasoning, then pulverizes, and crosses the sieve of 3-5 millimeter;
(2) get vermiculite 40 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 45 parts, the leaf of spinach slag 15 parts of becoming thoroughly decomposed, mix seedling medium according to volume ratio, seedling medium is filled in the little lattice of seedling-cultivating tray, with clear water spray thoroughly;
(3) the spinach seed uniform broadcasting of sterilization will be passed through on seedling medium, make there is 2-5 grain seed in the seedling medium of each little lattice, after planting be covered in the matrix of seed last layer 1-2cm thickness again, and with the spray of breeding nutrient solution thoroughly, then be placed in pond by having broadcast the seedling-cultivating tray after seed, in pond, the content of breeding nutrient solution in clear water is 30%; Breeding compounding concentration is: in often liter of nutrient solution, following component content is: nitrate of lime 1200mg, potassium sulfate 280mg, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) 400mg, magnesium sulfate 550mg, ammonium sulfate 300mg; Controlling nursery temperature condition is: day temperature 15-20 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 10-15 DEG C
(4) keep raising tray to swim on the water surface in pond, carry out booth soilless-cultivated seedling, after 16 days, obtain spinach rice shoot, can carry out being transplanted to field field planting.
Claims (2)
1. a soilless culture seedling method for vegetables, is characterized in that: comprise following concrete steps:
Prepare seedling medium and seedling-cultivating tray, seedling medium is filled in the little lattice of seedling-cultivating tray; Described seedling medium, by vermiculite 20-50 part, peat composed of rotten mosses 20-60 part, vegetable leaf residue 10-30 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed, mixes according to volume ratio;
By vegetable seeds uniform broadcasting on seedling medium, making there is 2-5 grain vegetable seeds in the seedling medium of each little lattice, being placed in pond by having broadcast the seedling-cultivating tray after seed; Described pond is arranged in the booth built in advance, and pond is built with water and breeding nutrient solution;
Keep raising tray to swim on the water surface in pond, carry out booth soilless-cultivated seedling, after 12-18 days, obtain vegetable seedling, carry out being transplanted to field field planting;
Before sowing, matrix with clear water spray thoroughly, is after planting covered in the matrix of seed last layer 1-2cm thickness again, and with the spray of breeding nutrient solution thoroughly;
Described breeding nutrient solution is the aqueous solution of Multiple components, and in often liter of nutrient solution, each component content is: nitrate of lime 1200-1300mg, potassium sulfate 200-300mg, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) 200-400mg, magnesium sulfate 500-600mg, ammonium sulfate 200-300mg;
Described vegetable seeds is through disinfecting or soak 24-48 hour in the warm water of 18-20 DEG C;
The soilless culture seedling method of described vegetables is applicable to the soilless culture nursery of leafy vegetable.
2. the soilless culture seedling method of vegetables according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the vegetable leaf slag method of becoming thoroughly decomposed is: under the room temperature of 18-28 DEG C, by placement in heaps for vegetable leaf slag muck, and spray the clear water of vegetable leaf quality 1 ~ 5%, then cover plastic film, fermentation 30-65 days, then removes plastic film, spread out, at ambient temperature, ventilate and make it natural seasoning, then pulverize, cross the sieve of 3-5 millimeter, the content of breeding nutrient solution in the clear water of pond is 5-30%.
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| CN104472332B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2017-01-11 | 赵玉妹 | Mulching-film soilless cultivation method of wuta-tsai |
| CN106316563A (en) * | 2015-07-11 | 2017-01-11 | 镇江贝思特有机活性肥料有限公司 | Rice seedling raising substrate produced from licorice root decoction dregs and preparation method thereof |
| CN105967904A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-09-28 | 李建涛 | Vegetable cultivation medium overcoming geographical limitation |
| CN107568043A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-12 | 镇江市丹徒区荣炳南岗山蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of grape high efficiency seedling cultivating method |
| CN106386429A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 北海市绿品生态农业科技有限公司 | Seedling culture method for hydroponic vegetables |
| CN108419658A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-08-21 | 舒城县汤池镇昌涛生态蔬菜种植专业合作社 | A kind of vegetable soilless culture and its nutrient solution |
| CN111937732A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-11-17 | 贵阳学院 | Floating-plate seedling raising method for leaf lettuce and lettuce |
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| CN1887044B (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2010-09-08 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Factory cotton seedling raising process |
| CN101855981A (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2010-10-13 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Watermelon seedling culturing substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN102177836B (en) * | 2011-02-20 | 2014-04-02 | 胡志会 | Soilless seedling raising method of paddy rice |
| CN102986508B (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2014-04-16 | 张忠 | New soilless seedling raising method of Ligustrum japonicum'Howardii' |
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