CN103597996A - Rapid rhubarb seedling growing method - Google Patents
Rapid rhubarb seedling growing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103597996A CN103597996A CN201310583047.0A CN201310583047A CN103597996A CN 103597996 A CN103597996 A CN 103597996A CN 201310583047 A CN201310583047 A CN 201310583047A CN 103597996 A CN103597996 A CN 103597996A
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- seedling
- seedling growing
- rheum officinale
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- rhubarb
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Classifications
-
- Y02P60/216—
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid rhubarb seedling growing method. The rapid rhubarb seedling growing method includes the following steps: 1), building a seedling growing pool or picking a seedling growing basin and adding water; 2), picking and sterilizing a seedling growing plate, placing a seedling growing base material into the seedling growing plate, and sowing pre-treated rhubarb seeds into the seedling growing plate to acquire the seedling growing plate subjected to sowing, wherein the seedling growing base material comprises, by weight, 50-70% of peat and 30-50% of perlite; 3), placing the seedling growing plate subjected to sowing in the step 2) into the seedling growing pool or seedling growing basin in the step 1) for cultivation, and after seedling emergence, adding fertilizer into water in the seedling growing pool or seedling growing basin once every ten days until nitrogen concentration is 150-250g/L, phosphorus concentration is 10-40g/L and potassium concentration is 200-300g/L; 4), completing cultivation after the diameters of rootstocks of rhubarb seedlings are not less than 1cm and roots and the rootstocks are 5-10cm in length. The rapid rhubarb seedling growing method is simple and convenient to operate, high in seeding emergence rate, short in time, low in cost and good in economic benefit, and the rhubarb seedlings grown by the method grow rapidly, orderly and healthily.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cultivation field, particularly a kind of rheum officinale fast seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
Rheum officinale is being collectively referred to as of the perennial tall and big herbaceous plant sorrel Rheum palmatum L., Tang of polygonaceae Rheum ancient especially big yellow Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf., Rheum officinale Rheum officinale Baill., and medicinal material rheum officinale is used as medicine with dry root and the root-like stock of plant rheum officinale.Medicinal material rheum officinale (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), mainly containing anthraquinone glycoside and Anthraquinone derivative, its bitter, cold in nature, the function of there are the logical intestines that purge heat, removing pattogenic heat from the blood and toxic material from the body, stimulating the menstrual flow by the stasis of blood.Cure mainly real hot constipation, stagnant stomachache, rush down the diseases such as profit is not well, jaundice with damp-heat pathogen.At present, rheum officinale is widely used in medicine and medication chemistry, is the tradition outlet medicinal material that the whole nation ten generally acknowledged best selling variety ，You Shi China in large medicinal material market have won fame both at home and abroad.Rheum officinale is liked cool cold weather, more cold-resistant, avoids high temperature, and main product is in NORTHWEST CHINA and southwestern high altitude localities.
Rheum officinale mostly is seminal propagation, and conventional seeding method comprises seedling raising and transplanting and live two kinds of modes.In the method for traditional seedling raising and transplanting, the mode that it is grown seedlings and conventionally adopts field to grow seedlings: at early and middle ten days in April, do the wide flat low-lying area of 1.2m; Laterally in hollow, press line-spacing 12cm trench digging ditch depth 3-4cm; There to be the distance of a seed every 1-2cm, seed is evenly sprinkled in ditch; Cover fine sand soil 2cm thick, upper cover straw mat or plastic sheeting for farm use, take covering off after emerging; Strengthen seedling management, to next late April in spring, press the distance between rows and hills of 50x25cm and transplant land for growing field crops; During cultivation, lateral root is cut off, every cave plants l strain.During sub-bud breeding results, the healthy and strong larger sub-bud of germinating on maternal plant rhizome is taken to plantation.Adopt traditional seedling-cultivating method, emergence rate is low, is generally how many 20%～40%, and growing-seedling period is grown up 1 year, and plant strain growth is slow, and be easily subject to climatic environment, the factor impact such as damage by disease and insect.
Floating seedlings is named again floating plantation, that the foam cave dish that lightweight seedling medium is housed is floated on the water surface, seed is sowed in matrix, rice shoot is taken root growth in seedling medium, and can from matrix and water bed, absorb the seedling-cultivating method of moisture and nutrient, general with being rich in organic material, as rock wool, peat, decomposed manure, the peat composed of rotten mosses, wood sawdust, be equipped with the light material of proper proportion, as vermiculite, river sand, perlite, bagasse, mushroom slag, grit and haydite rock etc., make matrix ，Yong composite fertilizer or nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, be equipped with various micro-fertilizer etc., make nutrient solution.The method starts from late 1980s, and American Tobacco adopts floating seedlings method to grow seedlings.With traditional seedling method comparison, it has can reduce transplanting recruitment, save the land used of growing seedlings, be convenient to the management of cigarette seedling, be conducive to cultivate the advantages such as strong sprout.
Have no the method that adopts the method for floating seedlings to grow seedlings to rheum officinale.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of new rheum officinale fast seedling-cultivating method, specifically adopt the method for floating seedlings to carry out rheum officinale and grow seedlings.
The floating seedlings fast seedling-cultivating method of rheum officinale of the present invention, it comprises the steps:
(1) build nursery pond or get seedling-growing container, adding water;
(2) get seedling-cultivating tray, sterilization, packs seedling medium in seedling-cultivating tray into, is sown into the rheum officinale seed through pre-treatment, obtains seedling-cultivating tray after planting; Described seedling medium comprises the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlite, and the weight proportion of the two is (5～7): (3～5);
(3) nursery pond or the seedling-growing container that step (2) seedling-cultivating tray are after planting placed in to step (1) are cultivated, after emerging, toward adding fertilizer to nitrogen concentration of element in the water of nursery pond or seedling-growing container, be that 150～250g/L, P elements concentration are that 10～40g/L, potassium element concentration are 200～300g/L, within every 10 days, add once;
(4) be cultured to rheum officinale shoot root diameter stem and be not less than 1cm, the long 5～10cm of root and rhizome.
Rheum officinale seed of the present invention is the seed of the ancient especially big yellow Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf. of polygonum rheum palmatum Rheum palmatum L., Tang or Rheum officinale Rheum officinale Baill..
In the described seedling medium of step (2), the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlitic weight proportion are 7:3.
The pre-treating method of the described rheum officinale seed of step (2) is: by the rheum officinale seed 12～48h that is soaked in water, soaking temperature is 10～30 ℃.Preferably, the time of described immersion is 24h; Described soaking temperature is 20 ℃.
The condition of the described cultivation of step (3) is: 10～30 ℃ of temperature, humidity 40～90%.Preferably, described temperature is 20～25 ℃; Described humidity is 40～80%.
The described fertilizer of step (3) is comprised of carbonic hydroammonium, calcium phosphate and potassium sulfate.
Between the described culture period of step (3), trimming blade and root system.The method of described trimming blade and root system is: after true leaf grows, cotyledon blade is deducted to half area; During 1 first quarter moon of sowing, the root that stretches out seedling-cultivating tray is removed; While sowing 2 months, cotyledon is cut off completely, control the long 5～10cm of fibrous root that stretches out seedling-cultivating tray.
Between the described culture period of step (3), during the plant height 2～4cm of rheum officinale seedling, carry out thinning and fill the gaps with seedlings.
Thinning: referring to and reject unwanted crops seedling, is mainly to reject unwanted seedling; Fill the gaps with seedlings: after crops come up, find that there is while being short of seedling disconnected ridge phenomenon, use the method for transplanting seedlings or reseeding seedling completion.
Rheum officinale floating seedlings culturing method of the present invention, the emergence rate of rheum officinale seed is high, reaches as high as 95%, and the seedling of cultivation is healthy and strong neat, plant strain growth is fast, and seedling raise period is short, can save the land used of growing seedlings, reduce the temporal and spatial constraints of growing seedlings, realize modern production, application prospect is good.
The embodiment of form, is described in further detail foregoing of the present invention by the following examples.But this should be interpreted as to the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only limits to following embodiment.All technology realizing based on foregoing of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
Experiment material:
Embodiment 1 rheum officinale fast seedling growing of the present invention
One, the construction of nursery pond, shed
1. place is selected
Selected place answers physical features open smooth, without tall and big trees or building, and traffic convenience, water power is sufficient, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, around without water quality, air pollution, hidding and sunny side.Place height above sea level scope is low height above sea level 500m～1500m in can being, also can select high height above sea level 1500m～3500m.
2. nursery pond (seedling-growing container) is built
Complete floating seedlings: the length and width in nutrition pond is according to seedling-cultivating tray specification and the scale adjustment of growing seedlings, and the length and width in standard nutrition pond height is 560cm*140cm*20cm, if need the reserved wide passage of 40～60cm in the middle of the two ponds of a canopy.Smooth at the bottom of pond, level error is no more than 1.5cm, and four jiaos vertical, and pool wall is vertical with horizontal plane.
At the bottom of pond, fill out fine sand or other cushion that 1cm is thick, flatten and check and confirm without after tip and hard object, spray insecticide, spread the pond film that 0.5mm is thick and press or tape-stripping fixed spool film with brick.
Half floating seedlings: adopt half floating mode to grow seedlings, without building nutrition pond, and adopt the seedling-growing container supporting with seedling-cultivating tray to replace, while growing seedlings, seedling-cultivating tray is closely buckled on seedling-growing container.
3. seedling canopy is built
(1) complete floating seedlings: floating seedlings need be set up shed completely: the high 1.5m in shed limit, middle high 2m.With 5 meters long bamboo chip archings, between bow member, interval is 30 centimetres, and turnover actuating doors is set.Canopy film should select longevity that 0.1mm is thick without dripping a film.Canopy center membrane line aligns with central sill, and both sides are naturally tightened and left behind to soil table, accomplishes that canopy face is smooth-going, and consolidation is firm, and surrounding close proximity to ground (without wind dancing) is in order to heat and moisture preserving.Sunshade net is covered in canopy film top.Frame overlay film, sunshade net require convenient fixing, open flexibly.
(2) half floating seedlings: half floating seedlings can be selected the seedling canopy identical with (1), also can select common booth or green house.Cause half floating seedlings takes up room little, and is easy to management, is more suitable for carrying out the production of scale in common booth or green house.
Two, nursery pond (seedling-growing container) water and processing
(1) nursery pond water must be clean pollution-free, the underground water that pH is 6～8 or drinking water.When as undesirable in the pH value of water, it is 6～8 that available sulfuric acid (or sodium hydroxide) regulates pH.
(2) to add water depth be 13～15cm to nursery pond, and every pond should be got 5 above measurement points and measured and determine the depth of water, with the mean depth of water computing pool water yield.
(3) the unified bleaching powder that uses of the Chi Shui after filling is sterilized, and 15～20 grams, the bleaching powder of water use 50% per ton, spreads fertilizer over the fields in pond and stir immediately with dry powder form multiple spot, and then overlay film heats 2～3 days, can sow and float dish.
Three, sabot and sowing
1. sabot
1.1 float dish sterilization
New building through sterilization, can directly be used.Old dish must conscientiously be disinfected.Sterilization method:
(1) with 0.5% bleaching fluid soaking disinfection, standby after airing;
Or with 4:100, doubly to clarify white lime water-soaked seedling-cultivating tray airing standby (2);
The use of 1.2 nutrient matrixes
Rheum officinale seedling medium is pressed the peat composed of rotten mosses: the weight proportion preparation of perlite=7:3, and according to the humidity of matrix, add water and mix in right amount stranding thoroughly carefully, that pinches is agglomerating, and light pressure is loose.
1.3 sabot
Seedling-cultivating tray is foam panel (complete floating mode) or the vinyl disc (half floating mode) of 540mm * 285mm * 45mm specification, hole 30mm * 30mm suitable for reading, and the diameter 7mm of end opening top round mouth, also can, according to actual scale, formulate the seedling-cultivating tray of different size.Adopt twice method sabot; the matrix modulating is evenly spread and filled in dish cave; after filling matrix, card repeatedly throws gently 2～4 times; check bottom outlet; guarantee that matrix tamps each hole; and then load onto a small amount of matrix, and with scraper plate, strike off scraping card, with special-purpose acupoint pressing plate (can make by oneself), in center, hole, extruding the dark sowing cave of 5～10mm can sow.Require sabot to want degree of tightness appropriateness, forbid directly with hand, tamping matrix.For ease of operation, guarantee sabot quality, operation field is smooth, honest.
1.4 sowing
The pre-treatment of rheum officinale seed:
Rheum officinale seed is soaked to 12～48h in the water of 10～30 ℃, and wherein, while being soaked in water 24h under 20 ℃ of conditions, the emergence rate of rheum officinale is the highest.
Sowing:
The seed of handling well is sowed in cave to 2 of every bunch planting kinds.The thick matrix of screen cover 5～10mm more after planting, with scraper plate strike off gently, scraping card, and confirm not displacement of seed.
Put dish:
The floating seedlings of rheum officinale adopts completely floating and half floating two kinds of modes all can.The floating foam seedling-cultivating tray that adopts, after sowing is good, can put into nutrition pond completely, keeps pond middle water level 15～30cm.The half floating plastic seeding culturing plate that adopts, after sowing is good, is placed on seedling-cultivating tray on seedling-growing container, and the edge of dish is held on seedling-growing container, and while putting dish, basin middle water level there just was not below hole 1～2cm to be advisable.Requirement has been broadcast a dish and has been put a dish, can not bank up.Between the seeding stage, in nutrition pond, be clean water.
Four, seedling management technology
1, seedling canopy temperature and humidity management
(1) temperature standard
Temperature standard: temperature be 10～30 ℃ all can, take 20 ℃～25 ℃ be optimum temperature range, during lower than 15 ℃ growth slightly slow, lower than 10 ℃ growth very slow, be difficult to effectively grow seedlings, higher than 30 ℃, can cause blade atrophy.Meet cold snap, can take to add a cover the modes such as insulation thing, heating and keep growth temperature.Excess Temperature adopts out the measure coolings such as canopy ventilation or water spray.
(2) humidity standard
Humidity be 40～90% all can, 50%～80% time, better, humidity is easily fallen seedling lower than 40% time to the growth of rheum officinale seedling.As serious dewfall, while forming large hanging drop water on canopy film, can suitably open canopy hydrofuge.Forbidding to open prematurely film in cold early morning ventilates.
(3) management of sunshade net
After sunrise, rolling sunshade net is subject to light by canopy, makes canopy temperature increase.Afternoon illumination is strong, and when canopy temperature surpasses 25 ℃, covered with sunshade net, coverage rate are looked weather decision on the same day, and principle is that fine day temperature of shed on daytime is not higher than 30 ℃.Entirely cover night, strives for the canopy temperature that keeps higher as far as possible.
(4) management of canopy film
The temperature control that leaks informaton, should first open lee face, while missing one's aim, then opens windward side, and aperture will be held flexibly according to the weather condition of there and then, forbids to open round the clock the way to manage of canopy.As serious dewfall, while forming large hanging drop water on canopy film, can suitably open canopy film hydrofuge.When calm fine day is greater than 2 ℃ as inversion (temperature of shed is lower than the outer temperature of canopy) at dusk, open both sides canopy film, overlay film insulation again after inversion disappears.Forbidding to open prematurely film in cold early morning ventilates.
(5) add a cover insulation thing:
Too low for preventing temperature, after planting at night, should add a cover straw mat, not only can be incubated but also can moisturizing.
2, seedling management
(1) keep seedling canopy to fix, note temp. and humidity, keep health, prevent from polluting.
(2) add nutrient solution:
What from sowing, start 10～15 days is the seeding stage, without using nutrient solution, wait to emerge completely, within every 10 days, add a water to original water level, add fertilizer carbonic hydroammonium, calcium phosphate, potassium sulfate to nitrogen concentration of element is that 150～250g/L, P elements concentration are that 10～40g/L, potassium element concentration are 200～300g/L simultaneously, and with sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide, to regulate pH be 6～8.
(3) thinning, fill the gaps with seedlings:
When plant height 2～4cm carries out thinning and fills the gaps with seedlings, guarantee one strong sprout of every cave.
(4) trimming blade and root system
Sowing 1 month is first critical period, for true leaf grows the time, after true leaf grows, cotyledon blade is deducted to half area with scissors; During 1 first quarter moon of sowing, the root that stretches out seedling-cultivating tray is removed, scraped off, promote adventive root growth; While sowing 2 months, cotyledon is cut off completely, control fibrous root 5～10cm length of stretching out seedling-cultivating tray, prevent from interlocking.
Five, transplant
Rheum officinale is cultivated to rhizome diameter 1cm, and the long 5～10cm of root and rhizome, can transplant.
The transplanting time of rheum officinale is annual 3～April or 9～October, and each rheum officinale place of production is because the difference of weather can suitably be adjusted.
Approximately 4 months cycle that rheum officinale of the present invention is grown seedlings, therefore can be according to counter pushing away the sowing time of rheum officinale floating seedlings cycle, to guarantee best transplanting time.
The Screening matrix experiment of embodiment 2 rheum officinale fast seedling growing of the present invention
Except step 3 1.2 joint mesostromas adopt respectively as the matrix in following table 1, all the other conditions, with embodiment 1, are carried out rheum officinale and are grown seedlings, and calculate emergence rate.
Emergence rate is as shown in table 1 below:
The impact that table 1 different substrates is emerged on rheum officinale
As shown in table 1, adopting weight proportion is (5～7): the peat composed of rotten mosses of (3～5) and perlite mixture are as matrix, under specified conditions of the present invention, cultivate rheum officinale, emergence rate is high, emerges neat, plant strain growth is good, significantly be better than other conventional matrix, wherein, when the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlitic weight proportion are 7:3, effect is optimum, and emergence rate is up to 95%.
To sum up, adopt the inventive method to carry out rheum officinale and grow seedlings, rheum officinale emergence rate is high, the highlyest can reach 95%, emergence rate high and emerge neat, cultivation period only 3～4 months, the cultivation time is short.
Claims (10)
1. a floating seedlings culturing method for rheum officinale, is characterized in that: it comprises the steps:
(1) build nursery pond or get seedling-growing container, adding water;
(2) get seedling-cultivating tray, sterilization, packs seedling medium in seedling-cultivating tray into, is sown into the rheum officinale seed through pre-treatment, obtains seedling-cultivating tray after planting; Described seedling medium comprises the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlite, and the weight proportion of the two is (5～7): (3～5);
(3) nursery pond or the seedling-growing container that step (2) seedling-cultivating tray are after planting placed in to step (1) are cultivated, after emerging, toward adding fertilizer to nitrogen concentration of element in the water of nursery pond or seedling-growing container, be that 150～250g/L, P elements concentration are that 10～40g/L, potassium element concentration are 200～300g/L, within every 10 days, add once;
(4) be cultured to rheum officinale shoot root diameter stem and be not less than 1cm, the long 5～10cm of root and rhizome.
2. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the pre-treating method of the described rheum officinale seed of step (2) is: by the rheum officinale seed 12～48h that is soaked in water, soaking temperature is 10～30 ℃.
3. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the time of described immersion is 24h; Described soaking temperature is 20 ℃.
4. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the described seedling medium of step (2), the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlitic weight proportion are 7:3.
5. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the condition of the described cultivation of step (3) is: 10～30 ℃ of temperature, humidity 40～90%.
6. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described temperature is 20～25 ℃; Described humidity is 40～80%.
7. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the described fertilizer of step (3) is comprised of carbonic hydroammonium, calcium phosphate and potassium sulfate.
8. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: between the described culture period of step (3), and trimming blade and root system.
9. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 8, is characterized in that: the method for described trimming blade and root system is: after true leaf grows, cotyledon blade is deducted to half area; During 1 first quarter moon of sowing, the root that stretches out seedling-cultivating tray is removed; While sowing 2 months, cotyledon is cut off completely, control the long 5～10cm of fibrous root that stretches out seedling-cultivating tray.
10. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: between the described culture period of step (3), when the plant height of rheum officinale seedling is 2～4cm, carries out thinning and fill the gaps with seedlings.
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| CN107047009A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-08-18 | 张家口市农业科学院 | A kind of plantation cultural method of millet Albino Seedling |
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| CN109452153A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-03-12 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | A kind of rush Chinese elm container seedling method for fast growing |
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