CN103502356B - 聚乳酸和水溶性聚合物的共混物 - Google Patents
聚乳酸和水溶性聚合物的共混物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及可形成膜和纤维的水分散性可生物降解组合物。本发明还涉及包含聚乳酸和水溶性聚合物的聚合物共混物。更特别地,本发明涉及接枝共聚物(PLA-接枝的水溶性聚合物)用于增容PLA和水溶性聚合物的用途。以使主要共混物组分共价键合的方式实现不混溶聚合物共混物的这种反应性增容。此外,可以通过反应性挤出进行这种反应性增容。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及可形成膜和纤维的水分散性可生物降解组合物。本发明还涉及包含聚乳酸和水溶性聚合物的聚合物共混物。
更特别地,本发明涉及接枝共聚物(PLA-接枝的水溶性聚合物)用于增容PLA和水溶性聚合物的用途。以使主要共混物组分共价键合的方式实现不混溶聚合物共混物的这种反应性增容。此外,可以通过反应性挤出进行这种反应性增容。
背景
对一次性产品而言,希望使用可生物降解和水分散性的材料。
弃置在生物活性环境中的可生物降解聚合物通过微生物如细菌、真菌和藻类的酶促作用降解。也可通过非酶过程,如化学水解切断它们的聚合物链。本文所用的术语“可生物降解”是指使用标准试验方法测定塑料在受控堆肥条件下的需氧生物降解,该组合物在一年内降解。
本文所用的术语“水分散性”是指该组合物在室温下浸在水中大约24小时后溶解或分解成小于0.841毫米(20目)的碎片。
聚(乳酸)或聚乳酸(PLA)是一种有吸引力的可生物降解和可生物相容的聚合物。其衍生自可再生资源(例如玉米、小麦或稻米)并且可生物降解、可再循环和可堆肥。此外,PLA表现出优异的可加工性。实际上,与其它可生物降解物,如聚(羟基烷酸酯)(PHAs)、聚(ε-己内酯)(PCL)等相比,PLA具有更好的热加工性。其可通过注塑、膜挤出、吹塑、热成型、纤维纺丝和成膜进行加工。但是,由于其是疏水聚合物并且不能溶解或分散在水中的事实,PLA的用途可能受到限制。
可通过将淀粉和纤维素改性来合成水溶性可生物降解聚合物。例如,具有不同羧甲基取代度的羧甲基纤维素(CMC)是一类市售水溶性聚合物。羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、甲基纤维素(MC)和乙基纤维素(EC)用作粘合剂、保水助剂、增稠剂、成膜剂、润滑剂或流变改性剂。也通过微生物发酵制造水溶性多糖。黄原胶是最广泛使用的微生物多糖。黄原胶的工业用途包括油回收(粘度控制)、造纸、农业(刺激植物生长)和化妆品。普鲁兰多糖(pullulan)也表现出各种可能的用途。例如,其良好的保湿性和低透氧性使其可用作食品包装的可食用膜。
迄今,聚(乙烯醇)(PVOH)是被认为可生物降解的唯一的在主链中仅有碳原子的聚合物。其目前用于纺织品、纸和包装工业,如纸张涂料、粘合剂和膜。重要地,PVOH是水溶性的。
与水溶性可生物降解聚合物有关的一个缺点在于,它们对水过度敏感,这限制了它们用于大多数常规聚合物应用的用途。因此希望提供可用于制造一次性制品并且是水响应性(water-responsive)的材料。这种材料优选应具有多用途并可以廉价地制造。还希望该材料对指定用途足够稳定,但在预定条件下发生降解。
使用聚合物制造水分散性制品是本领域中已知的。主要报道了包含多层聚合物膜的组合物。确实存在一次性物品中使用的多层膜的许多实例。这些实例大多数由包含环境可降解聚合物外层和水响应性聚合物内层的膜或纤维构成。此类结构的用途在于,调节物理性质以提高此类结构的稳定性或寿命。例如,美国专利No. 4,826,493描述了使用羟基丁酸酯聚合物薄层作为充当阻隔膜的多层结构的组分。
多层膜的用途的另一实例是美国专利No. 4,620,999,其描述了使用涂有水不溶性膜或层压到水不溶性膜上的水溶膜作为一次性袋。在JP 61-42127中公开了类似类型的袋子。其由防水的水分散性树脂(如聚乳酸)的内层和聚乙烯醇外层构成。但是,这些实例都限于由不同聚合物的层构成的组合物并且不包括不同聚合物的实际共混物。
在美国专利No. 5,508,101、美国专利No. 5,567,510和美国专利No. 5,472,518中公开了其它水响应性制品。这些专利公开了包含可水解降解的聚合物和水溶性聚合物的一系列水响应性组合物。但是,该制品由首先形成纤维或膜、然后合并的聚合物构成。因此,尽管此类组合物的聚合物的纤维和膜非常贴近,但它们不是实际共混物。
聚合物共混是用于调节聚合材料的性质而不必投资新化学的有吸引力的途径。在不同的共混物形态中,共连续的聚合物共混物表现出最佳的性能改进,因为两种组分都充分有利于该共混物的性质。但是,该共混物的不同聚合相之间的不良界面通常导致性质的重大损失,更特别观察到机械性能变差。为了克服这个问题,传统上使用增容剂强化该界面。在这一领域中,反应性增容技术是获得稳定的多相聚合物共混物的非常有吸引力和经济的途径。
对大多数二元聚合物共混物而言,不存在适当的反应基团并且需要共混物组分的官能化。但是,对一些二元聚合物共混物而言,可添加与共混物组分之一混溶并可与另外的组分反应的反应性聚合物作为增容剂前体。可以有利地通过反应性挤出实现这种类型的共混物增容。
反应性挤出(REX)是主要涉及使用挤出机作为化学反应器的聚合物加工技术。在加工正在进行的同时原位进行聚合和其它化学反应,如反应性增容。因此,REX与传统聚合物制造法的区别在于,合成是单独操作且挤出机仅充当加工辅助工具。
美国专利No. 5,945,480公开了使用基于聚乙烯醇和聚乳酸的共混物的纤维制成的可冲洗个人护理产品的组分。共混物组分借助用甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙基酯(HEMA)改性的聚乳酸增容。尽管所公开的发明旨在改进共混聚合物的相容性,但没有提到反应性增容。实际上,仅能够预料到HEMA的羟基与聚乙烯醇之间的氢键合。实施例没有描述用于促进共混物相容性的任何化学共价键的形成,不涉及实际反应性增容程序。
最佳结合的用于制造纤维和膜的聚合物共混物组合物是合意的,因为它们非常稳定。聚合物的最佳结合意味着改进聚合物界面以使聚合物共聚物表现出共连续形态。这可借助反应性挤出实现。可通过反应性增容剂的明智选择来获得调整的共混物性质。尽管共混的聚合物组合物是已知的,但反应性增容的共连续聚合物共混物是合意的,因为所得组合物更稳定和多用途。
鉴于上述内容,希望制造优选容易加工制成膜和纤维的可生物降解和水分散性聚合物共混物。还希望提供具有良好机械和物理性质的可热加工的聚合物共混物。
发明概述
根据本发明的第一方面,提供水分散性和可生物降解组合物,其包含聚乳酸和水溶性聚合物的共混物,其中该共混物进一步包含足以增容该共混物的量的反应性增容剂。
在本发明的第二和第三方面中,提供分别由根据第一方面的水分散性和可生物降解组合物形成的膜和纤维。
另一方面,提供制备第一方面的组合物的方法,所述方法包括:通过聚乳酸和马来酸酐的反应性挤出制备反应性增容剂,和熔融共混所述增容剂与聚乳酸和水溶性聚合物。
在本发明的另一方面中,提供包含根据本发明的第三方面的纤维的过滤嘴材料和过滤嘴元件。还提供包括此类过滤嘴材料或此类过滤嘴元件的吸烟制品。
在本发明的再一方面中,提供反应性增容剂在PLA和水溶性聚合物的反应性增容中的用途,由此PLA和水溶性聚合物共价键合。
附图简述
图1是纯PLA以及PLA和PVOH 50/50 w/w共混物的膜的一系列照片,其图解本发明的聚合物共混物在水中的分散。
图2显示a) 未增容;和b) 用10重量% MA-g-PLLA增容的塑化PLLA/HEC 40/60共混物的500 μm膜。
图3显示a) 未增容;和b) 用MA-g-PLA增容的PLLA/PVOH 60/40 (w/w)共混物的1H NMR谱。
图4是纯PLA以及PLA和PVOH 40/60 w/w共混物的单丝的一系列照片,其图解聚合物共混物组合物在水中的碎裂和分散。
发明详述
本发明提供具有良好机械性能,如强度和良好可加工性,同时也是水分散性和可生物降解的聚合组合物。这意味着这些组合物可用于制造适用于使用相对短时间并随后弃置的一次性物品中的材料,如膜和纤维。
该膜和纤维可用作一次性产品,如包装膜、无纺布纸巾等的组分。本发明的水分散性膜和纤维具有可生物降解的独特优点,以致该膜或纤维和由该膜或纤维制成的制品容易降解。
此类材料的一个特定用途是在储存在相对稳定条件下并随后迅速使用和弃置的吸烟制品中。希望废弃的吸烟制品的剩余元件,特别是过滤嘴元件在正常环境条件下快速离解和分散且希望组成部分可生物降解。
包含聚乳酸和一种或多种水溶性可生物降解聚合物的组合物可使用本领域中已知的标准方法形成各种产品,包括膜和纤维。由于本发明的聚合物共混物被增容并表现出优异可加工性而使这可行。
增容是指不混溶聚合物共混物的界面性质的改性过程。增容使得能够制造具有改性界面和/或形态的不混溶聚合物共混物,其中通过相之间的共价键或离子键形成或通过分子间的吸引性相互作用(例如偶极-偶极、离子-偶极、电荷转移、H-键合或范德华力等)稳定这两种不混溶的聚合物。不混溶聚合物共混物的反应性增容是用于获得充分分散和稳定的相形态的方法。其基于在熔融共混过程中在聚合物共混物的相之间界面处原位形成嵌段-或接枝共聚物。在一些情况下,与共混物组分之一混溶并可与另一组分反应的第三聚合物可用于在界面处形成增容共聚物。在本发明中通过主要共混物组分共价键合的事实确保不混溶聚合物共混物的反应性增容。
本发明中所用的聚乳酸(PLA)可通过不同合成方法制造,如丙交酯的开环聚合或由乳酸直接缩聚。可用于本发明的一种市售聚(乳酸)(PLA, 4032D)是NatureWorks LLC (USA)供应的商品级,其数均分子量(Mn(PLA))为58,000 g/mol、D-异构体含量为大约1.5%且多分散指数为2.1。在本发明中可选择使用任何PLA等级,PLA的分子量可随所需性质和用途而变。聚(L-丙交酯)(PLLA)是优选的,因为其结晶性有利于纤维的制造。
本发明中所用的水溶性聚合物优选可生物降解。含有反应性基团,如羟基或胺官能团的可生物降解水溶性聚合物适用于本发明。优选的可生物降解水溶性聚合物包括聚乙烯醇(PVOH)、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、甲基纤维素(MC)和乙基纤维素(EC)、甲基丙烯酸羟乙基酯(HEMA)、黄原胶和普鲁兰多糖或其共混物。该可生物降解水溶性聚合物更优选是PVOH或HEC。多种多样的可生物降解水溶性聚合物预计能像PVOH和HEC一样为PLA提供相同作用,并在本发明中有效。
本发明的聚合物共混物优选含有30至70重量%的可生物降解水溶性聚合物。该聚合物共混物更优选含有40至60重量%,最优选45至55重量%的可生物降解水溶性聚合物。
通过使用接枝共聚物(PLA-接枝的水溶性聚合物)增容PLA和水溶性聚合物,确保增容作用。实际上,优选的反应性增容剂,即马来酸酐接枝的聚乳酸(MA-g-PLA)可与所选水溶性聚合物(例如HEC或PVOH)的羟基反应,以致形成能改进PLA与所选水溶性聚合物之间的界面品质的PLA-接枝的水溶性聚合物。因此,以使主要共混物组分共价键合的方式实现不混溶聚合物共混物的这种反应性增容。
大多数可生物降解水溶性聚合物具有羟基。因此,所选反应性基团必须容易接枝到PLA上并且必须可与羟基官能团反应。
通过反应性挤出法示范制造优选的反应性增容剂,即马来酸酐接枝的聚乳酸(MA-g-PLA)的方法。接枝反应也可以在其它反应装置中进行,只要实现PLA和马来酸酐(MA)和任何其它反应性成分的必要混合并提供足以实施接枝反应的能量即可。接枝PLA可含有0.1至5摩尔%的接枝MA。接枝PLA优选含有0.2至1摩尔%的接枝MA,最优选0.3至0.6摩尔%的接枝MA。
可添加到本发明的组合物中的其它反应性成分包括引发剂,如Lupersol? 101——可获自Philadelphia, USA的Elf Atochem North America, Inc.的液体有机过氧化物。可用于实施本发明的自由基引发剂包括酰基过氧化物,如过氧化苯甲酰;二烷基过氧化物;二芳基过氧化物;或芳烷基过氧化物,如二-叔丁基过氧化物;二枯基过氧化物;枯基丁基过氧化物;1,1二-叔丁基过氧基-3,5,5-三甲基环己烷;2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷;2,5-二甲基-2,5-双(叔丁基过氧基)己炔-3和双(a-叔丁基过氧基异丙基苯);过氧基酯,如过氧基特戊酸叔丁酯;过辛酸叔丁酯;过苯甲酸叔丁酯;2,5-二甲基己基-2,5-二(过苯甲酸酯)、二(过邻苯二甲酸)叔丁酯;过氧化一碳酸二烷基酯和过氧化二碳酸酯;过氧化氢类,如叔丁基过氧化氢、对萜烷过氧化氢(p-methane hydroperoxide)、蒎烷过氧化氢和过氧化氢异丙苯,和酮过氧化物,如环己酮过氧化物和甲乙酮过氧化物。也可以使用偶氮化合物,如偶氮双异丁腈。
此外,可以在本发明的接枝聚合物中加入本领域中已知的其它组分以进一步增强最终材料的性质。例如,可进一步添加聚乙二醇以改进熔体粘度。也可按需要掺入其它添加剂以提供特定性质。例如,可以将抗静电剂、有机改性粘土、颜料、着色剂等掺入该聚合物组合物中。另外,可通过将润滑剂或滑爽剂掺入本发明的聚合物共混物中来改进加工特性。所有这些添加剂通常以相对少量使用,通常少于最终组合物的3重量%。
熔融共混是用于合并根据本发明的PLA和水溶性聚合物的优选方法。更特别地,通过反应性挤出进行的反应性熔融加工是优选的。
在合适的捏合机,如Bradender?-型密闭式混合机、辊磨机、单或多螺杆挤出机或可用于混合、配混、加工或制造聚合物的任何其它机械混合装置中对聚乳酸和可生物降解聚合物的熔融共混施以热机械变形。特别合意的反应装置是具有一个或多个端口的挤出机。在一个优选实施方案中,该反应装置是同向旋转的双螺杆挤出机,如Leitritz GmbH, Nuremberg (Germany)制造的ZSE 18 HP双螺杆挤出机。这种挤出机具有多个进料口和排放口。
PLA或改性PLA(其是用常用塑化剂,如三乙酸甘油酯、三丙酸甘油酯、柠檬酸三乙酯等塑化的PLA)在用于制造膜和纤维的共混物中的存在降低了纯可生物降解水溶性聚合物的水敏感性。接枝的MA-g-PLA优选用于借助通过反应性挤出进行的反应性增容法增强PLA与可生物降解水溶性聚合物之间的相容性。这种增容旨在改进最终材料的可加工性和热机械性质。可以使用该共混物制造膜或纤维以外的形状和将该共混物热成形成复杂形状。
实施例
通过下列具体实施例更详细示例本发明。要理解的是,这些实施例是示例性实施方案,本发明不受任一实施例限制。
实施例1
使用Leistritz ZSE 18 HP制造马来酸酐接枝的PLA。在引入挤出机中之前,将干燥PLLA粒料与3重量%马来酸酐和0.5重量% Lupersol? 101预混。然后使用低螺杆速度(50 rpm)在190℃下进行马来化以提高停留时间。
将由此获得的MA-g-PLLA提纯并通过滴定评估MA量。估计MA含量为0.45重量%。
实施例2
通过使用配有凸轮叶片的Brabender小型捏合机(型号50 EHT,80 cm3自由容积)在190℃下将聚合物粒料和添加剂(塑化剂、增容剂)在30 rpm下熔融配混3分钟,接着在60 rpm下熔融配混6分钟,获得各种PLLA/HEC 50/50 w/w组合物。HEC获自Merck。Glyplast?获自Condensa Quimica, Spain。聚乙烯(Mw=200)获自Fluka。在加工前,聚合物和添加剂在通风烘箱中在80℃下干燥过夜。
然后通过使用Agila PE20液压机在190℃下压塑,制备厚度500微米的膜(无脱气周期的低压120秒,接着150巴的高压周期180秒,在50巴下用自来水冷却180秒)。通过拉伸试验评估PLLA/HEC 50/50 (w/w)共混物(用20重量% Glyplast?塑化)的机械性质。使用MA-接枝的PLLA作为增容剂。结果报道在下表1中。
表1
样品 | MA-g-PLA (重量%) | 杨氏模量 (MPa) | 致断应力 (MPa) | 致断应变 (%) |
1 | 0 | 977 ± 33 | 15.3 ± 0.5 | 3 ± 1 |
3 | 4 | 817 ± 68 | 12.8 ± 1.0 | 22 ± 4 |
4 | 8 | 878 ± 99 | 13.7 ± 0.7 | 23 ± 4 |
如观察,在不存在增容剂的情况下,该共混物相当脆。MA-g-PLLA的添加改进极限伸长,但不改变拉伸强度。使用4重量% MA-g-PLLA获得最佳结果。
实施例3
考虑羟乙基纤维素(HEC)的塑化。为此目的,成功地改造常用于淀粉塑化的制备方法。
在室温下制备HEC和塑化剂的混合物,对于一些组合物,加入水。使这些预混物静置溶胀过夜。接着,组合物经由Brabender在110℃下熔融加工6分钟。制备各种组合物以研究水和塑化剂含量的影响。下面列出制备的样品:
- HEC/甘油 60/40
- HEC/甘油 70/30
- HEC/甘油/水 60/30/10
- HEC/甘油/水 60/25/15
- HEC/PEG 200/水 60/30/10
- HEC/PEG 400/水 60/30/10
- HEC/甘油/水 60/30/10。
对于各组合物,获得凝胶状结构,这看起来表明有效的HEC塑化。
实施例4
使用塑化HEC制备PLLA/HEC共混物。通过在Brabender中在190℃下熔融共混,制备塑化的PLLA/HEC 40/60组合物。制备未增容的共混物和MA-g-PLLA基组合物并通过压塑获得500微米厚的膜。
图2显示由此制成的膜并揭示MA-g-PLLA对它们的形态的影响。可以观察到,在不存在增容剂的情况下获得不均匀表面。
借助拉伸试验研究这些膜的机械性质并表征未增容和MA-g-PLLA基共混物的极限性质。据显示,添加MA-g-PLLA将共混物的拉伸强度提高大约30%并使致断应变翻倍。这些结果显示增容剂对PLLA/HEC共混物的机械性能的影响。与未增容的共混物相比,用MA-g-PLLA增容确实提高杨氏模量和拉伸强度。
实施例5
通过使用配有凸轮叶片的Brabender小型捏合机(型号50 EHT,80 cm3自由容积)在190℃下将聚合物粒料和添加剂(塑化剂、增容剂)在30 rpm下熔融配混3分钟,接着在60 rpm下熔融配混6分钟,获得各种PLLA/PVOH 50/50 w/w组合物。PVOH(等级Mowiol? 23-88)由Kuraray GmbH, Germany提供。Glyplast?获自Condensa Quimica, Spain。聚乙烯(Mw=200)获自Fluka。在加工前,聚合物和添加剂在通风烘箱中在80℃下干燥过夜。
然后通过使用Agila PE20液压机在190℃下压塑,制备厚度500微米的膜(无脱气周期的低压120秒,接着150巴的高压周期180秒,在50巴下用自来水冷却180秒)。
通过拉伸试验评估PLLA/PVOH 50/50 (w/w)共混物的机械性质。使用MA-接枝的PLLA作为增容剂。结果报道在下表2中。
表2
样品 | 塑化剂 (20重量%) | MA-g-PLLA (重量%) | 杨氏模量 (MPa) | 致断应力 (MPa) | 致断应变 (%) |
1 | 无 | 0 | 2723 ± 162 | 35.0 ± 4.2 | 2 ± 1 |
2 | 无 | 8 | 2679 ± 157 | 50.3 ± 4.6 | 3 ± 1 |
4 | Glyplast? | 8 | 1169 ± 103 | 15.5 ± 2.1 | 16 ± 6 |
5 | PEG | 8 | 877 ± 81 | 13.1 ± 1.8 | 4 ± 1 |
因此,MA-g-PLLA的添加增强共混物的拉伸强度,同时不影响极限伸长。Glyplast?的添加改进伸长,而PEG无效。
实施例6
使用MA-g-PLLA作为PLLA/PVOH共混物的增容剂。相容性的这种增强归因于在PVOH和PLA之间形成共价键,以致接枝共聚物能够改进界面品质。
通过溶解试验已经提供了在共混物熔融加工过程中有效制造这些共聚物的证据。为此目的,考虑未增容的和MA-g-PLA基PLLA/PVOH 60/40共混物。将它们浸在水中并在过滤和干燥后回收水溶性部分。接着,将这些部分浸在氯仿中,NMR表征仅考虑可溶部分。这种方法能够分离可能形成的共聚物(因为这些是既可溶于水又可溶于氯仿的唯一组分)。
1H NMR谱显示在图3中。如从图3中所示的“b”谱可观察到的,PLA信号的存在(主要在大约5.3 ppm)证实接枝共聚物的形成。
实施例7
使用Leitritz ZSE 18 HP双螺杆挤出机进行PVOH的塑化。使用甘油作为塑化剂。甘油获自Sigma-Aldrich。PVOH在210℃下使用30 rpm的螺杆速度加工。经由第二机筒区引入甘油并通过液体进料器控制进料。以这种方式可以制备用33.3重量%甘油塑化的PVOH组合物。
由此获得的塑化PVOH用于制备PLLA/PVOH 50/50 w/w共混物。在不存在增容剂以及在存在8重量% MA-g-PLA作为增容剂的情况下制备这些组合物。该聚合物共混物在190℃下使用50 rpm的螺杆速度加工。接着,使用配有纤维纺丝装置的DSM微型挤出机获得聚合物共混物的纤维。只有含MA-g-PLA的组合物才能进行纤维加工,这证实MA-g-PLLA能够改进聚合物共混物可加工性。
实施例8
制造基于PLLA和PVOH的单丝。为此目的,使用配有专用单丝模头的DSM立式微型挤出机。使用120 rpm的螺杆速度和4分钟的混合时间在190℃下制备该组合物。制备的样品是:
- PLLA (纯聚合物)
- PLLA/PVOH 50/50 (w/w) + 10重量% MAgPLA
- PLLA/PVOH 40/60 (w/w) + 10重量% MAgPLA。
圆模头(0.5毫米直径)和DSM纺丝单元的使用能够制备大约0.4毫米直径的单丝。
表3报道单丝的拉伸性质。值得注意的是,所用测试条件类似于考虑用于膜测试的那些条件(十字头速度:20 mm.min-1,标距长度25.4毫米)。
如所观察到的,PLLA基单丝表现出比PBS基样品更高的刚度。在这两种情况下,PVOH含量的提高都能改进拉伸强度和极限伸长。
表3. PVOH基单丝的拉伸性质
a MAgPLA含量为10重量%。
图4是纯PLA以及PLA和PVOH 40/60 w/w共混物的单丝的一系列照片,其图解聚合物共混物组合物在水中的碎裂和分散。
为了解决各种问题和推动此技术,本公开整体以举例方式阐明各种实施方案,其中实施所要求保护的一项或多项发明并提供优异的聚合物组合物。本公开的优点和特征仅代表实施方案的样本,并且不是穷举的和/或排他的。它们仅用于协助理解和教导所要求保护的特征。要理解的是,本公开的优点、实施方案、实施例、功能、特征、结构和/或其它方面不应被视为限制如权利要求书限定的公开内容或限制权利要求书的等同物,可以在不背离本公开的范围和/或精神的情况下采用其它实施方案和作出修改。各种实施方案可合适地包含、由或基本由所公开的要素、组分、特征、部件、步骤、手段等的各种组合构成。此外,本公开包括目前尚未要求保护但未来可能要求保护的其它发明。
Claims (21)
1.用于吸烟制品的过滤嘴元件,其包含由包含聚乳酸和水溶性聚合物的共混物的组合物形成的纤维,其中所述共混物进一步包含足以增容该共混物的量的反应性增容剂。
2.如权利要求1中所要求保护的过滤嘴元件,其中所述水溶性聚合物选自:聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、甲基纤维素和乙基纤维素、黄原胶和普鲁兰多糖或其共混物。
3.如权利要求2中所要求保护的过滤嘴元件,其中所述水溶性聚合物是聚乙烯醇或羟乙基纤维素。
4.如前述权利要求任一项中所要求保护的过滤嘴元件,其中以聚乳酸和水溶性聚合物的共混物的30至70重量%范围内的量包括所述水溶性聚合物。
5.如权利要求4所要求保护的过滤嘴元件,其中以聚乳酸和水溶性聚合物的共混物的40至60重量%范围内的量包括所述水溶性聚合物。
6.如权利要求4所要求保护的过滤嘴元件,其中以聚乳酸和水溶性聚合物的共混物的45至55重量%范围内的量包括所述水溶性聚合物。
7.如权利要求1所要求保护的过滤嘴元件,其中所述反应性增容剂是接枝共聚物。
8.如权利要求7中所要求保护的过滤嘴元件,其中所述接枝共聚物是聚乳酸和可与羟基反应的化合物的共聚物。
9.如权利要求8中所要求保护的过滤嘴元件,其中所述接枝共聚物是马来酸酐接枝的聚乳酸。
10.如权利要求1所要求保护的过滤嘴元件,其中所述组合物进一步包含其它反应性成分。
11.如权利要求10所要求保护的过滤嘴元件,其中所述其它反应性成分是引发剂。
12.如权利要求11所要求保护的过滤嘴元件,其中所述引发剂选自Lupersol? 101、酰基过氧化物、芳烷基过氧化物、过氧基酯、过氧化一碳酸二烷基酯、过氧化二碳酸酯、过氧化氢类、酮过氧化物和偶氮化合物。
13.如权利要求1所要求保护的过滤嘴元件,其中所述组合物进一步包含一种或多种附加组分,其选自:改进所述组合物的熔体粘度的试剂、抗静电剂、有机改性粘土、着色剂、润滑剂或滑爽剂。
14.如权利要求13中所要求保护的过滤嘴元件,其中以少于最终组合物的3重量%的量包含所述附加组分。
15.制备如前述权利要求任一项中所要求保护的过滤嘴元件的方法,所述方法包括由包含聚乳酸和水溶性聚合物的共混物的组合物形成纤维,所述方法包括:聚乳酸、水溶性聚合物和反应性增容剂的共混物的反应性挤出。
16.如权利要求15中所要求保护的方法,其中将聚乳酸、水溶性聚合物和反应性增容剂熔融共混。
17.如权利要求15或16中所要求保护的方法,其中所述反应性增容剂是通过聚乳酸和马来酸酐的反应性挤出制成的马来酸酐接枝的聚乳酸。
18.如权利要求17中所要求保护的方法,其中所述马来酸酐接枝的聚乳酸包含0.1至5摩尔%的接枝马来酸酐。
19.如权利要求18中所要求保护的方法,其中所述马来酸酐接枝的聚乳酸包含0.2至1摩尔%的接枝马来酸酐。
20.如权利要求17中所要求保护的方法,其中所述马来酸酐接枝的聚乳酸包含0.3至0.6摩尔%的接枝马来酸酐。
21.如权利要求15所要求保护的方法,其中增容涉及化学共价键的形成。
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2011
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2012
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- 2012-03-29 EP EP12718724.3A patent/EP2691458A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-03-29 KR KR1020137028935A patent/KR101834283B1/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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CN1817937A (zh) * | 2006-03-09 | 2006-08-16 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | 乳酸类聚合物的用途 |
CN1961765A (zh) * | 2006-11-30 | 2007-05-16 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | 一种香烟过滤嘴丝束及其制备方法 |
CN101742932A (zh) * | 2007-08-01 | 2010-06-16 | 菲利普莫里斯生产公司 | 可降解的香烟滤嘴 |
TW201000701A (en) * | 2008-06-17 | 2010-01-01 | Tatung Co | Polylactic acid composition |
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US20140080968A1 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
JP2014516246A (ja) | 2014-07-10 |
CA2828520A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
AU2012235960A1 (en) | 2013-09-05 |
US9085660B2 (en) | 2015-07-21 |
HK1192577A1 (zh) | 2014-08-22 |
CA2828520C (en) | 2016-05-10 |
JP5759611B2 (ja) | 2015-08-05 |
ZA201306484B (en) | 2016-02-24 |
BR112013024913A2 (pt) | 2016-12-20 |
WO2012131370A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
UA106570C2 (uk) | 2014-09-10 |
AR088779A1 (es) | 2014-07-10 |
RU2561103C2 (ru) | 2015-08-20 |
GB201105455D0 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
TW201307461A (zh) | 2013-02-16 |
CL2013002729A1 (es) | 2013-12-06 |
KR20140034778A (ko) | 2014-03-20 |
EP2691458A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 |
KR101834283B1 (ko) | 2018-03-06 |
RU2013148381A (ru) | 2015-05-10 |
CN103502356A (zh) | 2014-01-08 |
AU2012235960B2 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
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