CN103502034A - 汽车的传动系的混合模块 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种适用于汽车的传动系的混合模块,所述传动系具有内燃机和变速器,其中,所述混合模块(4)在内燃机和变速器之间有效作用并且具有电力驱动器(8)、分离离合器(21)和自由轮(14),并且其中,所述分离离合器和自由轮分别相互平行地设置,以在朝向变速器的方向上传递来自内燃机的转矩,所述自由轮在朝向变速器的方向上传递来自内燃机的转矩并且在转矩取向方向相反时断开,并且其中,旋转振动阻尼器(3)和混合模块(4)通过中间轴(13)相互连接,所述中间轴在发动机侧通过导向轴承直接支承到内燃机的曲轴(2)上或者通过所述旋转振动阻尼器间接支承到所述曲轴上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有内燃机和变速器的汽车传动系的混合模块。
背景技术
从DE102009032336熟知一种汽车的混合传动系,它包括内燃机、双质量飞轮(“ZMS”)、电力驱动器和变速器,其中,分离离合器布置在所述内燃机和电力驱动器之间。所述布置在发动机侧的分离离合器用于使内燃机从其余传动系脱离,以便例如纯电力驱动所述汽车,并且被整合到所述电力驱动器的转子中。中间轴布置在输出侧ZMS和摩擦离合器之间,来自内燃机的转矩传递到离合器的离合器盘的轮毂上,其中,轴向插齿设置在轮毂和中间轴之间。径向力穿过ZMS到达中间轴上,可能导致轴承上大的力并且中间轴朝向发动机侧偏移或者使中间轴倾斜。
发明内容
因此,本发明的任务是改进开头所述类型的混合模块的支承。
这个任务根据本发明通过一种适用于汽车的传动系的混合模块解决,汽车的传动系具有内燃机、旋转振动阻尼器、混合模块和变速器,其中,在内燃机和传感器之间有效作用的混合模块具有电力驱动器、分离离合器和自由轮,并且其中,所述分离离合器和自由轮分别相互平行地设置,以在朝向变速器的方向上传递来自内燃机的转矩,所述自由轮在朝向变速器的方向上传递来自内燃机的转矩并且在转矩取向方向相反时断开,并且其中,所述旋转振动阻尼器和混合模块通过中间轴相互连接,所述中间轴在发动机侧通过导向轴承直接支承到内燃机的曲轴上或者间接通过旋转振动阻尼器支承到所述曲轴上。
汽车的传动系(或驱动系)的混合模块下文也称作“自由轮分离离合器模块”,所述汽车的传动系具有内燃机、旋转振动阻尼器、混合模块和变速器,其中,在内燃机和变速器之间有效作用的混合模块具有电力驱动器、分离离合器和自由轮,并且其中,所述分离离合器和自由轮分别相互平行地设置以在朝向变速器传递来自内燃机的转矩并且在相反取向的转矩时断开。
根据一个特别优选的实施例,所述中间轴在变速器侧按照自由轮的运行状态或者在闭合自由轮时通过自由轮主体本身支承,或者在断开自由轮时通过轴承(尤其是深沟球轴承或者滑动轴承)支承。在这个优选实施例中,所述自由轮分离离合器模块的中间轴一方面在发动机侧支承在导向轴承(滚动轴承或者滑动轴承)中并且另一方面通过另一轴承(滚动轴承或滑动轴承)支承在自由轮附近或者自由轮主体本身中。因此阻止或者减小所述中间轴在发动机侧因阻尼器次级侧上的径向力而倾斜。
优选地,由内燃机产生的转矩的经由自由轮传递的分量通过调整可由分离离合器传递的转矩进行调整,因而所述汽车可选地通过内燃机或者电力驱动器或者同时通过二者的组合来驱动。在这个实施例中,从现有技术熟知的发动机侧分离离合器的功能是分配到两个在转矩流相互平行地布置的部件上,即一个分离离合器和一个自由轮上。在分离离合器断开时,内燃机生成的总转矩通过所述自由轮传输到变速器上。所述自由轮应相应地配置,以使它的可传递的转矩对应内燃机可生成的转矩。相反地,所述分离离合器的转矩传递能力在这个实施例中选定为明显低于内燃机可生成的转矩。例如,在内燃机可生成的转矩为700至800Nm时,所述分离离合器配置在100Nm至130Nm,反之,所述自由轮也应配置在700Nm至800Nm。如果所述分离离合器部分闭合,则对应由分离离合器可传递的转矩,通过自由轮可传递的转矩被减小。换句话说,对应分离离合器可传递的转矩(它又依赖于分离离合器的操纵力),内燃机生成的总转矩分配到所述自由轮上和分离离合器上。在这里,所述分离离合器可在本发明的传动系的内燃机运行时还保持闭合或者维持闭合,从而作为一般情形,将转矩分配到离合器和自由轮上。在这里当然有利的是,在内燃机运行中,所述离合器至少部分地断开或者维持断开,例如在牵拉-高度-开关(Zug-Hoch-Schaltungen)或者在推挤-高度-开关(Schub-Hoch-Schaltung)时。
利用当前的分离离合器能够在朝向内燃机的方向上传递转矩(在转矩的这个传递方向上,自由轮断开)。相应地,在分离离合器闭合时,内燃机从电力行驶(例如在80至130Nm)托拉起动以及在电池充满电的情形下推动力力矩的传递(例如至少90Nm)实现。
当前的混合模块包括如上所述地相互平行接通的分离离合器和自由轮,其中,内燃机的转矩在朝向传动系的方向上唯一地由自由轮,或者由自由轮和分离离合器一起或者也许唯一地通过分离离合器传递。此外,从所述传动系在朝向内燃机的方向上取向的转矩唯一地通过所述分离离合器传递。
优选地,所述分离离合器构造为“正常断开的”离合器,即构造为在基态中断开的,并且通过一个闭合力拉出或者压紧。在这方面有利的是,当前传动系中的离合器,在用这种混合模块构成的汽车的通常运行方式下达到70%是断开的。致动器的效率相应地在这种边界条件下,在“正常断开的”离合器的情形下比在“正常闭合的”离合器的情形下更有益。优选地,根据备选实施方式,所述分离离合器构造为“正常闭合的”离合器,即构造为在基态中闭合的,并且通过一个断开力断开,优选被拉开或者按压。这种分离离合器则尤其适用于汽车的传动系,如果在设有该混合模块的汽车的通常运行方式下,所述分离离合器通常是闭合的,特别优选地,在所述运行中多于50%时间是闭合,优选多于60%时间是闭合的。致动器的效率相应地在这种边界条件下,在“正常断开的”离合器情形中比在“正常闭合的”离合器情形中更有益。
优选地,所述自由轮实施为滚子自由轮,优选实施为夹紧体自由轮。优选地,所述自由轮具有自由轮输入部分,自由轮输出部分和至少一个,优选多个,布置在该自由轮输入部分和该自由轮输出部分之间的阻挡部分。优选地,自由轮具有一个设计为内环的自由轮输入部分和形成为外环的自由轮输出部分,反之亦然。优选地,转矩从所述内燃机的曲轴直接传递到所述自由轮输入部分上。
优选地,所述自由轮轴向,在从内燃机到变速器输入结构的方向上,布置在所述旋转振动阻尼器之后,优选布置在双质量飞轮之后。进一步优选地,这个自由轮在相同轴向方向上布置在中心轴承之前。优选地,所述中心轴承设置成支承所述分离离合器的至少一部分和/或电力-机械换能器的至少一部分,优选一个用于汽车的驱动器的电力-机械换能器和特别优选地,该电力-机械换能器的转子。
进一步优选地,这个自由轮轴向布置在该双质量飞轮和该中心轴承之间。特别地,由于所述自由轮布置在双质量飞轮和中心轴承之间,混合模块能够具有小的结构空间需求。
优选地,所述操纵装置布置在所述混合模块的区域中,所述混合模块邻近该内燃机,优选所述内燃机的曲轴。备选地,此外,所述操纵装置布置在所述混合模块的邻近该变速器,优选该变速器的变速器输入轴的区域中。进一步备选地,所述操纵装置布置在所述混合模块的位于该内燃机和变速器之间基本上对称的区域中。
优选地,所述分离离合器利用一个液压操纵装置操纵。进一步优选地,该液压操纵装置具有一个液压缸,优选地具有圆环面。优选地,所述分离离合器利用一个电力-机械操纵装置操纵。进一步优选地,这种电力-机械操纵装置具有至少一个电力-机械换能器,优选是一个电动机。所述操纵装置能够不依赖于分离离合器的类型(“正常断开/闭合”)进行运行。
本发明的其它优选设计方案是从属权利要求的主题。
附图说明
下面根据优选实施例,联系附图详细地阐明本发明。在附图中示出:
图1示出具有本发明的混合模块的汽车的传动系的示意图;
图2示出本发明的混合模块的实施例,其中,本发明的混合模块具有两个在自由轮附近的(径向)轴承,其中来自阻尼器的径向力导入在中间轴的发动机侧的端部上;
图3A和3B示出本发明的混合模块的另一实施例,其中,所述中间轴通过作为导向轴承的滑动轴承或者滚针轴承,置中/支承在所述曲轴中和准确地,变速器侧的轴的支承部位上;
图4A和4B示出混合模块的实施例,其中所述中心轴支承在阻尼器初级侧中;和
图5A和5B示出混合模块的又一实施例,其中所述中间轴支承在阻尼器的次级侧中和阻尼器初级侧支承在阻尼器次级侧中。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出汽车的传动系,其具有内燃机1、连接在内燃机1的曲轴2上的旋转振动阻尼器3(当前为双质量飞轮)、混合模块4、变速器9、差速器10和未详细示出的驱动轮,其中,混合模块4具有自由轮5和分离离合器7以及具有电力驱动器的转子7和定子8。
图1在这里只是一个用于理解的典型示图。因此,根据图1所示的内燃机1“只”包括两个气缸。但是,当前的规范不限制气缸的这种具体数量。而是也可设想多于两个气缸用于内燃机1或者也平行地和串行地布置更多个内燃机。此外,图1示出双质量飞轮。备选地,为此还可使用一个单质量飞轮或者另一类型的振动阻尼器,如质量摆或者离心力摆或者这种阻尼器元件的组合。依据内燃机的运转安静,也许也可省去这种阻尼器单元。此外,在图1还示出(自动的)六级变速器9的变速器,但是目前的规范对此没有限制。而且可设想所述变速器构造为自动变速器/有级变速器/CVT变速器或者其他类型的变速器,如曲柄连杆传动装置,也许也可设想与位于变速器和电力驱动器7、8(如转矩变换器、另一分离离合器,如干式或湿式的双离合器或者类似组件)之间的另一分离单元结合。
从图1尤其可知,当前的混合模块在内燃机1和变速器9之间设置两个平行的转矩传递线路,第一转矩传递线路具有分离离合器6和第二转矩传递线路具有自由轮5,因而从现有技术已知的发动机侧分离离合器的功能分配到两个彼此不同的构件上。因此,内燃机1生成的力矩可依赖于施加在离合器上的操纵力而被分配到分离离合器和自由轮上。
所述自由轮在传递转矩时从内燃机1传递到变速器9上(如从图1中可知的)和在转矩流方向从变速器9到内燃机1上时断开。变速器9的转矩在朝向内燃机1的方向上在离合器闭合时可被传递。这尤其涉及用电力行驶的拖拉启动内燃机以及在全电池情形下推动力力矩的传递。
但在所述连杆的内燃机运行中,所述分离离合器在通常闭合,因而这个相应地适合它的转矩传递能力将从内燃机可传递的力矩至少成比例地与所述自由轮一起传递。
图1所示示意图的结构布置从图2得知,在图2中位于双质量飞轮(ZMS)3和变速器9的变速器输入轴11之间的混合模块4示出一半,其中,ZMS3的输出侧12(=ZMS的次级侧=ZMS的输出法兰)与中间轴13,当前通过轴向插齿M1,相连接。内燃机1产生的全部转矩在ZMS连接的条件下传递到混合模块的中间轴13上。中间轴13在这里是中心零件,它一方面与自由轮5的内环14连接或者具有直接设计为自由轮的内环14的豆状突起,并且另一方面通过另一轴向插齿M2而与所述分离离合器的离合器盘21连接。
自由轮5的外环23与分离离合器4的一部分15A连接,分离离合器4的该部分15A与一个零件15B一起构成离合器壳体15,其中,零件15B同时是电力驱动器的转子的构件。
离合器壳体15优选通过另一轴向插齿M3而与变速器9的变速器输入轴11连接,其中,在离合器壳体15和变速器输入轴11之间布置另一个分离离合器(例如变换器或者一个另外的摩擦离合器,如干式或湿式双离合器)。
离合器壳体15的零件15B构造为基本上圆柱形的,并且与支承元件15D一起形成电力驱动器的转子7。因此,当前转子的永磁体直接固定在离合器壳体的圆柱形部分15B上。在这里,支承元件15D在它的径向内部区域中具有豆状部段,支承在中心轴承16上。
中心轴承16又布置在分离离合器6的操纵装置18的壳体17上或者豆状零件17上,所述操纵装置可支承在豆状零件17上。操纵装置18固定在变速器壳体22上。
操纵装置18当前包括一个液压操纵单元,其具有相对于中间轴13同中心布置的液压缸,所述液压缸操纵杠杆弹簧19,杠杆弹簧19支承在离合器壳体15的径向延伸区域15E上并且对应所述操纵气缸的状态,压紧盖板20在轴向方向上可施加操纵力。对应压紧盖板20的轴向移动,离合器盘21夹紧在压紧盖板20和分离离合器6的离合器壳体之间,由此可闭合分离离合器6。分离离合器6的离合器盘21通过轴向插齿M2和通过轮毂组成部分21A而与中间轴无相对转动地连接。
如图2所示,中心轴承16(当前构造为固定轴承)布置在自由轮5的大致轴向附近(即由于可比较的直径),其中所述自由轮的内环或者中间轴承担连接到离合器盘和双质量飞轮,并且其中,自由轮5的更外部笼子通过离合器壳体15而与变速器输入结构相连接。
根据图2的实施例示出混合模块的发动机侧分离离合器,尤其是中间轴的支承。所述中间轴和自由轮的支承通过布置在紧靠自由轮主体附近的两个轴承24、25实现。
如开头所述,中间轴13在根据图2的实施例中按照自由轮的功能或者运行状态以两种不同的类型实现:
1)自由轮闭合(即自由轮传递的力矩):
所述轴的置中在很大程度上通过自由轮主体本身经由所述自由轮主体相对于自由轮壳体阻挡来实现。两个径向轴承在自由轮主体附近在这种状态下几乎没有负荷。来自阻尼器的径向力以倾覆力矩供给到自由轮主体上并且额外地对它加负荷。所述倾覆力矩的大小取决于阻尼器的输出侧的径向力或者传递的转矩。
2)自由轮断开(即空转)
轴13的置中通过布置在自由轮5附近的两个径向轴承24、25实现。所述自由轮本身在这个功能中不具有自置中功能。来自阻尼器3的径向力导致两个轴承24、25加负荷。所述倾覆力矩的大小取决于阻尼器的输出侧的径向力或者传递的转矩。
首先在自由轮闭合状态中,但也在自由轮的断开状态中,阻尼器次级侧的径向力能够非常高,以至于它导致所述中间轴通过所述插齿在发动机侧上径向偏移并因此也导致对所述自由轮加负荷。
但径向力穿过阻尼器经由插齿施加到中间轴上,可能导致轴承上或者自由轮主体上大的力并且通过不利的杠杆臂使所述中间轴在发动机侧偏移或者使中间轴倾斜。因静态公差或者因曲轴的径向运动,通过阻尼器(初级)的旋转轴相对于中间轴的旋转轴径向偏移形成施加到所述中间轴上的阻尼器次级侧的径向力。所述径向力的大小取决于阻尼器传递的转矩,因此也取决于内燃机的有效发动机力矩。
下文说明书具有改变的轴承变型的实施例,通过改变的轴承变型,支承力减小并且中间轴的径向偏移减小。
因此,在图3A和3B所示的实施例中,中间轴13在发动机侧通过导向轴承26(可实施为滑动轴承或者滚子轴承)直接支承在曲轴2中。进一步地,中间轴13在变速器侧按照自由轮5的功能(请见上面关于功能或者运行状态的讨论)或者在自由轮5闭合时通过自由轮主体本身或者在自由轮5断开时通过例如深沟球轴承27支承。自由轮主体附近的支承位置27在轴向上观察时不仅可布置在自由轮的左侧,也可布置自由轮的右侧。中间轴13因而支承在良好的(即尽可能宽的)支承基础上。曲轴轴线和自由轮轴线X之间的径向偏移在起作用的自由轮5闭合时当然也作为附加的倾覆力矩作用到所述自由轮上。图3A在这里示出使用具有(未详细示出的)双离合变速器的混合模块,所述双离合变速器通过输入轴或者输入轮毂11而与混合模块连接。图3B在这里示出使用包括具有变换器的(未详细示出的)分级自动结构的混合模块。
在图4A和4B示出具有相对于图3A和3B的实施例稍微改变的轴承变型的另一实施例。因此,在图4A和4B所示的实施例中,中间轴13在发动机侧通过导向轴承(同样可实施为滑动轴承或者滚子轴承)直接支承在阻尼器3的初级侧中。阻尼器的初级侧本身又在曲轴2上置中。此外,根据图4A和4B的实施例的轴承修改对应根据图3A和3B的实施例的轴承修改。图4A在这里示出使用具有(未详细示出的)双离合变速器的混合模块,所述双离合变速器通过输入轴或者输入轮毂11而与混合模块连接。图4B在这里示出使用包括具有变换器的(未详细示出的)分级自动结构的混合模块。
在图5A和5B示出具有相对于图3A和3B以及4A和4B的实施例稍微改变的轴承变型的另一实施例。因此,在图5A和5B所示的实施例中,中间轴13在发动机侧在阻尼器3的次级侧3B中置中。在这个变型中不在圆周方向上形成支承位置28的相对运动。因此可简单地形成这个置中27。当然,在这里阻尼器3的次级侧3B必须利用滑动轴承或者滚子轴承支承到阻尼器3的初级侧3A,或者直接支承在曲轴2上。在变速器侧,所述支承例如与已经阐明的根据图3A、3B和4A、4B的实施例相关地实施。图5A示出使用双离合器变速器,图5B示出使用具有变换器的分级自动结构。
根据图3A、3B、4A、4B和5A、5B的上述实施例都是使空程离合器的中间轴一方面在发动机侧支承在导向轴承中,另一方面通过轴承支撑在自由轮轮毂或者自由轮主体本身中。因此阻止或者减小所述中间轴在发动机侧通过阻尼器次级侧上的径向力的倾斜。混合模块的或者传动系的其余特征(恰好也与图1和2所述的相关)是当前描述的实施例的通常的构件。
Claims (10)
1.一种适用于汽车的传动系的混合模块,所述传动系具有内燃机、旋转振动阻尼器、混合模块和变速器,其中,在内燃机和传感器之间有效作用的混合模块具有电力驱动器、分离离合器和自由轮,并且其中,所述分离离合器和自由轮分别相互平行地设置以在朝向变速器的方向上传递来自内燃机的转矩,所述自由轮在朝向变速器的方向上传递来自内燃机的转矩并且在转矩取向方向相反时断开,并且其中,所述旋转振动阻尼器和混合模块通过中间轴相互连接,所述中间轴在发动机侧通过导向轴承直接支承到内燃机的曲轴上或者间接通过旋转振动阻尼器支承到所述曲轴上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合模块,其特征在于,所述中间轴在变速器侧按照自由轮的运行状态或者在闭合自由轮时通过自由轮主体本身支承,或者在断开自由轮时通过轴承,尤其是深沟球轴承或者滑动轴承支承。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合模块,其特征在于,内燃机产生的转矩的由自由轮传递的分量通过调整可由分离离合器传递的转矩进行调整,因而所述汽车可选地通过内燃机或者电力驱动器或者通过二者同时组合来驱动。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的混合模块,其特征在于,所述自由轮轴向,在从内燃机到变速器装置的方向上,布置在所述旋转振动阻尼器后面。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的混合模块,其特征在于,所述分离离合器包括一个离合器壳体,所述离合器壳体与变速器输入轴通过第一无相对转动的连接,尤其是第一轴承插齿,连接,并且传递到电力驱动器的转子上,其中,所述自由轮在转矩流中布置在曲轴和离合器壳体之间,其中,所述自由轮布置在中间轴和离合器壳体之间。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的混合模块,其特征在于,所述中间轴通过第一无相对转动的且轴向可运动的连接,尤其是第一轴向插齿,而与所述旋转振动阻尼器的次级侧连接,和/或其中,中间轴通过第二无相对转动的且轴向可运动的连接,尤其是第二轴向插齿而与所述分离离合器的离合器盘的轮毂连接。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的混合模块,其特征在于,所述离合器壳体通过中心轴承而轴向和径向支承在变速器壳体上。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的混合模块,其特征在于,所述混合模块具有液压的或气动的或电力-机械的或者电力的操纵单元以操纵所述分离离合器,其中,所述中间轴布置在所述操纵单元的壳体上。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的混合模块,其特征在于,所述分离离合器布置成在径向上在所述电力驱动器的转子的内部和在轴向上与所述电力驱动器的转子至少部分地重叠,其中,所述电力驱动器的转子与所述离合器壳体无相对转动地连接或者与所述离合器壳体一体地构造。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的混合模块,其特征在于,所述自由轮的内环同时连接到所述离合器盘和曲轴上,并且所述自由轮的外环与变速器输入结构连接,或者其中,所述自由轮的内环与变速器输入结构连接,并且所述自由轮的外环同时连接到所述离合器盘及曲轴。
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CN105346372A (zh) * | 2014-08-21 | 2016-02-24 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | 混合动力模块和具有它的汽车传动系 |
CN105346372B (zh) * | 2014-08-21 | 2019-12-31 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | 混合动力模块和具有它的汽车传动系 |
CN107428237B (zh) * | 2015-04-14 | 2020-08-25 | 博格华纳公司 | 用于混合动力车辆的传动系 |
CN107428237A (zh) * | 2015-04-14 | 2017-12-01 | 博格华纳公司 | 用于混合动力车辆的传动系 |
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CN110944862A (zh) * | 2017-07-21 | 2020-03-31 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | 具有在壳体之外的分离离合器的混合动力模块 |
CN110944862B (zh) * | 2017-07-21 | 2024-04-30 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | 具有在壳体之外的分离离合器的混合动力模块 |
CN111448091A (zh) * | 2017-12-11 | 2020-07-24 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | 用于机动车的混合动力模块和动力总成系统 |
CN112351901A (zh) * | 2018-10-04 | 2021-02-09 | 宝马股份公司 | 机动车驱动装置 |
CN112351901B (zh) * | 2018-10-04 | 2024-03-19 | 宝马股份公司 | 机动车驱动装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20140094341A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
WO2012167767A1 (de) | 2012-12-13 |
EP2718132A1 (de) | 2014-04-16 |
EP2718132B1 (de) | 2018-08-01 |
DE102012207941A1 (de) | 2012-12-13 |
DE112012002383A5 (de) | 2014-02-20 |
CN103502034B (zh) | 2017-10-27 |
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