CN103493674B - High-yield cultivation method for increasing grain number and grain weight of winter wheat and realizing early maturity - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method for increasing grain number and grain weight of winter wheat and realizing early maturity Download PDFInfo
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- CN103493674B CN103493674B CN201310479316.9A CN201310479316A CN103493674B CN 103493674 B CN103493674 B CN 103493674B CN 201310479316 A CN201310479316 A CN 201310479316A CN 103493674 B CN103493674 B CN 103493674B
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- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
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- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving grain number and grain weight of winter wheat and promoting early ripening of the winter wheat, which is particularly suitable for ultrahigh yield cultivation of the winter wheat in areas with insufficient heat of double ripening of wheat and corn. The main steps and principles are as follows: building a shed frame with the height of 20-25 cm, covering 3 layers of plastic films on the wheat field in the late 1 month after vernalization of the winter wheat, and increasing the temperature to promote early green turning; after the air temperature rises, the number of layers of the film is reduced to keep the temperature under the film stable, and the first layer is removed in the middle and late 2 months; (3) removing the second layer in the last ten days of 3 months; (4) uncovering two opposite side walls for ventilation in the middle and last ten days of 3 months, and exercising for 5-7 days for cold resistance; (5) 3, removing the third layer of porous membrane when the wheat in the shed is pulled out at the bottom of the month and at the beginning of the month and 4. The time from green turning to jointing is prolonged by covering a plastic film to increase the number of spikelets, the growth of the wheat is slowed down after jointing is removed at a relatively low temperature after peeling off, and the number of florets is reduced; the seed is raised in advance, the seed setting rate is improved, the grouting time is prolonged, the seed is matured in advance, and the grain weight is improved by avoiding dry hot air.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of new proportion of crop planting method, be specially adapted to the put upon the full stretch Super-high-yielding Cultivation of the winter wheat under condition of In The North of The North China Plain winter wheat-summer corn two crops a year accumulated temperature, the balanced increase production that also can be applicable to winter wheat, two season of summer corn crop is produced.
Background technology
(1) the ripe production accumulated temperature of In The North of The North China Plain winter wheat-summer corn two wretched insufficiency
It is the main cropping system of North China Plain agricultural production that winter wheat-summer corn yields two crops a year.North China Plain heat resources successively decreases toward north successively from south, and accumulated temperature is reduced to 4200 DEG C of Central Region of Hebei Province Baoding from 5200 DEG C of Xinyang, south, Henan Province.In The North of The North China Plain is alternately controlled by winter or summer wind, the growth and decline of two kinds of monsoon intensities have determined the lability of its heat resources, and the dry monsoon control time is long and determined in surging situation the resource relative disadvantage that the non-cold Wheat Maize two crops a year that drought, non-drought tremble with fear are produced.The natural location that In The North of The North China Plain is in two crops a year arctogaean realm has determined the lability of agricultural natural resource key element, and then determine again the lability of two ripe productions, in recent years Winter-Spring consecutive low temperature and severe drought cause the dead seedling underproduction of winter wheat, wheat to receive evening and cause again corn late sowing and have a poor harvest is a real example, and winter wheat-summer corn two is ripe, and to be planted in Haihe Plain the north more unstable.
(2) winter wheat, summer corn per unit area yield need to effectively improve
In The North of The North China Plain winter temperature is significantly on the low side in south, causes the winter wheat dormancy of surviving the winter, and fringe differentiation stops, and wheat spikelet number number depend on the time length of fringe differentiation after the winter completely.And because North China Plain water resource is extremely rare, ground level heat capacity is lower, very long winter, spring temperature went up rapidly later, caused wheat bearing time in spring partially short.From turn green to the jointing time shortlyer cause the spikelet number of wheat on the low side, jointing causes degeneration little Hua number to the time of heading compared with short-range missile and increases, result is that grain number per spike is on the low side.And whether the harvesting wheat time usually depend on morning and evening that dry-hot wind arrives instead of normal mature, the fact that in most cases dry-hot wind arrives early directly causes again Grain Weight in Common Wheat lower, and last result is that wheat yield per unit area is on the low side.And summer corn is limited by results and the sowing of winter wheat breeding time, determine that at the two ripe accumulated temperature growth conditions of " two is limited " under prerequisite that puts upon the full stretch Summer Corn Growing Period is partially short, cause thus the grouting time after summer corn is weaved silk partially short, grain is heavy on the low side, and ultimate output is not high yet.
(3) key point of winter wheat, the effective yield-increasing technology of summer corn
The fact proved already, and In The North of The North China Plain Spring on Winter Wheat each breeding time of needed optimum temperature is significantly lower than the actual temperature of environment of living in, and winter wheat " is ordered about " by " high temperature " institute at the g and D in spring, and spikelet number is on the low side and floret degeneration is serious.How increasing wheatland environmental temperature winter promotes wheat to grow in advance, realize wheat last month of winter end and utilize unavailable time and illumination under natural conditions, realize simultaneously delay wheat turn green spike differentiation process between the shooting stage, extend fringe development time and the grouting time of jointing to heading, and the novel cultivation method that results are avoided dry-hot wind harm ahead of time becomes the key point that In The North of The North China Plain winter wheat is significantly increased production.And wheat is ahead of time after results, the bearing time of summer corn extends to there will be again and promotes the forward linkage of its volume increase to react, and realizes yield of Summer Corn simultaneously and effectively improves.
Up to now by reasonable increase wheatland accumulated temperature, delay winter wheat fringe developmental process, effectively extend crop effective breeding time, realize that winter wheat effectively increases grain number per spike and the heavy new method that significantly increases per unit area yield with this of grain does not have breakthrough.Therefore the In The North of The North China Plain Liang Shu district that the object of the invention is to put upon the full stretch for heat provides a kind of winter wheat cultivation method, realizes significantly volume increase and precocious, and then realizes summer corn early sowing volume increase simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
Seriously nervous for In The North of The North China Plain winter wheat-summer corn Liang Shu district heat resources, winter wheat, summer corn per unit area yield and gross annual output present situation on the low side, find a kind of wheatland accumulated temperature, effective bearing time of prolongation winter wheat of rationally increasing, by increasing grain number per spike, grain heavily and the new method of premature ripening volume increase, realize summer corn sowing ahead of time simultaneously and extend grouting time and increase production, reach winter wheat, the annual object that all can increase production of summer corn.
Up to now, not yet find that the wheat cultivation that can simultaneously realize above-mentioned purpose takes into account the report of summer corn method for increasing.The present invention is on the basis of further investigation and practice, take off the time of touching to increase wheatland accumulated temperature by field multilayer plastic film covering in winter end to early spring and reasonable control epiphragma duration and difference, extend the effective bearing time of winter wheat, reach winter wheat volume increase and precocious production object.The present invention taking effectively increase grain number per spike, grain heavily carry out significantly to improve winter wheat yields as starting point, by winter wheat precocity taking ahead of time summer corn sowing, extend its grouting time and increase production as foothold, realize the week annual production of winter wheat, summer corn and rise to foothold, the cultivation method of a kind of novel winter wheat is provided, and then the annual volume increase of reality.Small size plot can manually operate by the present invention, and large area plot can be by the principle of the invention, develops corresponding supporting machinery and implements, to reach the object of entire mechanization operation of the present invention.This invention is compared with conventional method, and winter wheat can effectively increase grain number per spike, grain weighs and unit are number of productive ear, and premature ripening is also realized yield per unit area and significantly improved; After winter wheat results, summer corn is realized sowing ahead of time, and its later stage grouting time extends, and by improving, grain is heavy to be realized summer corn and significantly increase production.
Design of the present invention is: In The North of The North China Plain winter wheat is by after vernalization, and the lower winter wheat of late January temperature during in dormancy, wheatland covers multilayer plastic film to ensure under film temperature and be increased to breaking dormancy and short its turned green ahead of time.Along with the rise of outside air temperature, for excess Temperature under control film causes Wheat Development and grows too fast, cover under number of plies reduction film and equilibrium temperature and constantly reduce plastic film, make Mulched Wheat Crops be controlled at the jointing initial stage to late March, effectively extended from turning green to the more conventional state of time span of jointing thus, result is Number of spikelet increase.Late March plastic film all removes rear wheatland and returns to natural temperature, take off the wheat growing ahead of time after touching temperature of living in significantly lower than the residing temperature of identical growthdevelopmental stage under normal condition, eliminate its state " being ordered about " by " high temperature " institute that grows, growth rate slows down compared with normal condition, but each growthdevelopmental stage time of occurrence shifts to an earlier date compared with normal condition.The time span of jointing ~ heading extends, and floret degeneration number and degradation ratio reduce; In advance, the suitable and ripening rate of temperature improves in flowering, and pollination grouting ahead of time and normal mature, avoided the harm of dry-hot wind, and grain is brought up again height.Therefore winter wheat heavily increases and effectively volume increase by grain number per spike and grain.Summer corn sowing ahead of time after wheat ripen in advance results, summer corn grouting extends period, and grain is brought up again height, per unit area yield increases.
The specific descriptions of method that the present invention adopts:
Before Wheat Growing Soils freezes, split and build arch frame with bamboo in field, height 20 ~ 25cm, 4 meters of width or the plastic film width depending on use; Shed can be selected length 1.5 ~ 2m bamboo to split and make a connection form.On the frame of building in advance, cover three layers of plastic film in late January (after Great Cold), plastic film is fixed in ground, prevents from being blown up.Require every layer of light transmittance to be not less than 80%, the thickness of plastic film is followed successively by 0.03 ~ 0.08mm, 0.03mm and 0.03mm from top to bottom, on innermost layer plastic film, account for the gross area more than 30%, the hole of diameter 1.5 ~ 2cm, improves the indoor daily mean temperature of canopy thus compared with improving 4 DEG C of left and right under natural conditions.Before February 20, (before rainwater) takes off away outermost layer 0.03 ~ 0.08mm plastic film, leaves the two-layer plastic film of residue, under outside air temperature rise condition, with price reduction temperature of shed, makes maximum temperature in canopy be no more than 20 DEG C.During 5 ~ 10 March (after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term)), second layer 0.03mm plastic film is taken off away, only leave the perforated film of the 3rd layer of 0.03mm, to reduce again temperature of shed, make maximum temperature in canopy be no more than 25 DEG C.About March 20 (before the Spring Equinox), two sides relative canopy chamber is opened to ventilate and reducing under film temperature and wheat is carried out to Cold Acclimation, at the beginning of April (before Clear and Bright) by the end of March, plastic film is all removed.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the wheatland of In The North of The North China Plain heats and removes winter wheat dormancy and germinate at the lower covering multilayer of late January temperature plastic film.When plastic film all removes by the end of March, wheat is by jointing, than the Zao jointing of wheat under natural conditions about 14 days.(dormancy breaking, fringe start differentiation) extends under covering 50 ~ 55 days of plastic film, 2 ~ 4 of Number of spikelet increases to the time span of jointing (top small ear forms, and small ear quantity is determined) for 20 ~ 25 days from conventional state from turning green thus.After plastic film all removes, wheatland returns to natural temperature, and wheat is in required preference temperature of this stage, and growth rate slows down, and the time span of jointing ~ heading extends, and floret degeneration number and degradation ratio reduce.Winter wheat after plastic film covers was compared with general planting heading flowering 9 ~ 12 days ahead of time, and ripening rate improves, and average Grain number per spike increases by 4 ~ 5, and the pustulation period extends 7 ~ 10 days, ripen in advance 4 ~ 5 days, and more than thousand kernel weight reaches 46g, more conventional raising 7 ~ 10g.After wheat ripen in advance results, summer corn is sowed 4 ~ 5 days ahead of time, and grouting time extends 4 ~ 5 days, and thousand kernel weight is improved 8 ~ 12g.
Embodiment
The present invention is described by following examples.
example one:select winter wheat variety stone wheat 18.December 1, split and build a connection arch frame with length 1m bamboo, height 20cm, overall width 5m.January 20 on shed overlay film from top to bottom thickness be respectively 0.06mm, 0.03mm and 0.03mm, the plastic film that width is 6 meters, has diameter 20mm on innermost layer plastic film, account for the hole of the gross area approximately 40%.Shed periphery plastic film is compacted at ground with soil.February 15, outermost layer thickness 0.06mm plastic film to be taken off away, March 5 was taken off away 0.03mm plastic film after the second layer, and remove the firming on the relative both sides of furrow thing, field March 20, raises the 3rd layer of perforated film thing both sides and ventilate.March 31, the 3rd layer of perforated film removed, remove frame simultaneously.
Sowing, pours water, weeding, the anti-field management such as worm and the results work of curing the disease, and is undertaken by the operation of this area routine techniques.
example two:select winter wheat variety weighing apparatus to see 35.December 1, split and build a connection arch frame with length 1.5m bamboo, height 25cm, overall width 7m.January 25 on shed overlay film from top to bottom thickness be respectively 0.08mm, 0.03mm and 0.03mm, the plastic film that width is 8 meters, has diameter 15mm on innermost layer plastic film, account for the hole of the gross area approximately 35%.Shed periphery plastic film is compacted at ground with soil.February 20, outermost layer thickness 0.08mm plastic film to be taken off away, March 8 was taken off away 0.03mm plastic film after the second layer, and remove the firming on the relative both sides of furrow thing, field March 15, raises the 3rd layer of perforated film thing both sides and ventilate.April 3, the 3rd layer of perforated film removed, remove frame simultaneously.
Sowing, pours water, weeding, the anti-field management such as worm and the results work of curing the disease, and is undertaken by the operation of this area routine techniques.
example three:select winter wheat variety weighing apparatus 4399.December 1, split and build a connection arch frame with length 1.8m bamboo, height 20cm, overall width 5m.January 30 on shed overlay film from top to bottom thickness be respectively 0.08mm, 0.03mm and 0.03mm, the plastic film that width is 6 meters, has diameter 20mm on innermost layer plastic film, account for the hole of the gross area approximately 40%.Shed periphery plastic film uses brick consolidation in ground.February 18, outermost layer thickness 0.08mm plastic film to be taken off away, March 10 was taken off away 0.03mm plastic film after the second layer, removed the pressure brick on the relative both sides of furrow thing, field March 22, raised the 3rd layer of perforated film thing both sides and ventilated.April 1, the 3rd layer of perforated film removed, remove frame simultaneously.
Sowing, pours water, weeding, the anti-field management such as worm and the results work of curing the disease, and is undertaken by the operation of this area routine techniques.
example four:select winter wheat variety Jimai 22.December 1, split and build a connection arch frame with length 1.5m bamboo, height 25cm, overall width 7m.January 25 on shed overlay film from top to bottom thickness be respectively 0.06mm, 0.03mm and 0.03mm, the plastic film that width is 8 meters, has diameter 15mm on innermost layer plastic film, account for the hole of the gross area approximately 40%.Shed periphery plastic film uses brick consolidation in ground.February 20, outermost layer thickness 0.06mm plastic film to be taken off away, March 10 was taken off away 0.03mm plastic film after the second layer, removed the pressure brick on the relative both sides of furrow thing, field March 22, raised the 3rd layer of perforated film thing both sides and ventilated.March 30, the 3rd layer of perforated film removed, remove frame simultaneously.
Sowing, pours water, weeding, the anti-field management such as worm and the results work of curing the disease, and is undertaken by the operation of this area routine techniques.
Claims (1)
1. the high-yield cultivating method that increases Spike Grain Number of Winter Wheat, grain weight and premature ripening, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) before Wheat Growing Soils freezes, split and build arch frame with bamboo in field, height 20 ~ 25cm, width is depending on the plastic film width of use;
(2) winter wheat by vernalization after, late January is at wheatland obtain three layers plastic film, heats short its and early turns green; The thickness of plastic film is followed successively by 0.03 ~ 0.08mm, 0.03mm and 0.03mm from top to bottom, on innermost layer plastic film, accounts for the gross area more than 30%, the hole of diameter 1.5 ~ 2cm, and also the light transmittance of three layers of plastic film is all more than 80%;
(3) temperature is stable with maintenance temperature of shed by reducing the overlay film number of plies after ging up, and mid or late Febuary removes ground floor plastic film;
(4) remove second layer plastic film at early March;
(5) open relative both sides canopy wall at mid or late March and ventilate, wheat is carried out to Cold Acclimation 5 ~ 7 days;
(6) in canopy at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March, remove the 3rd layer of porose plastic film when wheat jointing.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103947401B (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-10-07 | 山东农业大学 | Meteorological condition is utilized to improve the method for the heavy increase yield of grain of winter wheat Inferior grain |
| CN106613096A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-05-10 | 石家庄大地种业有限公司 | Winter wheat water-saving high-yield cultivating method |
| CN106717949A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-31 | 庆阳敦博科技发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of the no-tillage drought resisting cold-resistant of Winter Wheat in Rainfed |
| CN106973647B (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2019-08-30 | 潘典进 | A kind of determination method of the suitable harvest time of silage corn plant |
| CN109632564A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-16 | 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 | The measuring method of grain water content after a kind of wheat physiological maturity |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3805446A (en) * | 1971-04-12 | 1974-04-23 | Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co | Mulching film |
| CN101176408A (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2008-05-14 | 薛建国 | Method for covering crop cultivation and raising seedling by optics principle and controlling temperature |
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| CN103229640A (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2013-08-07 | 河北农业大学 | Planting method for automatic seedling emergence, weeding and reduced steaming of mulching film wheat |
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2013
- 2013-10-15 CN CN201310479316.9A patent/CN103493674B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3805446A (en) * | 1971-04-12 | 1974-04-23 | Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co | Mulching film |
| CN101176408A (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2008-05-14 | 薛建国 | Method for covering crop cultivation and raising seedling by optics principle and controlling temperature |
| CN101622930A (en) * | 2008-01-17 | 2010-01-13 | 许明东 | Method for planting farm crops in high-ridge arched film ditches |
| CN101803514A (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2010-08-18 | 西北农林科技大学 | Ridge-covering and trench-sowing cultivation and fertilization technology of dryland winter wheat |
| CN103229640A (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2013-08-07 | 河北农业大学 | Planting method for automatic seedling emergence, weeding and reduced steaming of mulching film wheat |
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