CN103229640A - Film mulched wheat planting method achieving automatic seedling emergence, weeding and evaporation reducing purposes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a film mulched wheat planting method achieving automatic seedling emergence, weeding and evaporation reducing purposes. The planting method is suitable for automatic seedling emergency and water-saving cultivation of film mulched wheat in arid and semi-arid zones. The planting method is characterized in that by the use of the stronger puncturing functions of embryos of the wheat under the dark condition, and the characteristics of small weed seeds and poor embryo puncturing capability, the ground is leveled after planting, and then a degradable micromembrane with the thickness being smaller than 0.004 mm or a degradable black mulching film with the thickness which is less than or equal to 0.006 mm is subjected to full-field covering, and a key technical method that the film is covered with soil with the thickness of 1 to 2 cm, the total of the sowing depth and the soil covering thickness is less than or equal to 5 cm is adopted, so that the purposes that the wheat punctures the film automatically to realize seedling emergence, the weeds cannot puncture the film and is killed due to yellowing, and the full-field plastic film mulching inhabits soil moisture from evaporation efficiently to achieve water conservation and weed control are achieved. The planting method is simple to operate and convenient to implement, can ensure the unit area yield of the wheat, and can improve the moisture utilization efficiency of the wheat and eliminate harm caused by wheat weeds.

Description

Plastic-sheet-covered wheat is emerged automatically, weeding and subtract the kind method for planting of steaming

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of new proportion of crop planting method, especially the farmland that is applied to winter wheat, spring wheat subtracts the cultivation of steaming water saving and preventing and kill off weeds in field, also can be used as wheatland moisture under the field condition and evapotranspires and create a kind of novel experimental technique of no evaporation conditions in the scientific research.

Background technology

(1) the Wheat Production problem of water saving need need to be resolved hurrily

The wheat major production areas is located in northern drought-hit area, stable dry season is grown and be in to growth time, spring temperature gos up, and then soil water evaporation is vigorous, and simultaneously country causes in the Wheat Production moisture imbalance between supply and demand extremely sharply to the rigid demand of wheat yield and the climate arid weather that is on the rise in recent years, groundwater resources exhaustion day by day.Plastic mulching is the major technique means of present crop production water saving, but traditional soverlay technique mulch film is exposed to the face of land, reason such as artificial destruction and natural weathering causes the increase of mulch film aperture, quantity to increase, it is to the effect that heats of soil in addition, cause the soil water evaporation aggravation jointly, water retention property significantly reduces even exhausts.

(2) yield per unit area of plastic-sheet-covered wheat need effectively be ensured

Traditional wheat mulch film mulching plant realizes by bunch planting, because bunch planting has reduced unit are wheat basic seedling amount significantly, thereby causes the decline of results spike number and output significantly reduces.The mulch film that is exposed to the face of land simultaneously significantly raises soil temperature, easily causes wheat growth deuterogenesis early ageing, in addition in recent years day by day the weather of climate arid cause that dry-hot wind takes place frequently and the double action of later stage early ageing has more been aggravated the instability of plastic-sheet-covered wheat output.Traditional wheat mulching film planting method has also increased operations such as putting seedling, shutoff leak, and is time-consuming.

(3) wheat weeds need effectively be prevented and kill off

In recent years along with the transregional allocation and transportation of remote job and the seed of combined wheat harvester, " invasion " weeds are particularly got over a year living grassy weed and are on the rise, weeds with the competition of wheat to resources such as light, fertilizer, water in often be in the status of absolute predominance, the a large amount of nutrients that consume cause wheat yield and quality to descend, and effectively preventing and kill off of wheat weeds also becomes a realistic problem that presses for solution.Under the normal condition, use the chemical weed control technology widely in order to improve labor productivity, and the affiliation of grassy weed and wheat is nearer, chemistry prevent and kill off measure often when killing weeds wheat also be subjected to grievous injury, a large amount of uses of weed killer herbicide cause soil physico-chemical property to become bad and serious farm environment pollution again thereupon in addition.So the method by the physical method control of weed in wheat field remains to be innovated breakthrough.

Not only guaranteed by plastic mulching that wheat yield per unit area is stable under the dense planting condition up to now but also taken into account to subtract the kind method for planting that steams water saving, the triple effects of weed control breakthrough is not arranged.Therefore the purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly realize that under the film coverage condition of full field the automatic rupture of membranes of wheat is unearthed, and guarantor unit's area output and effectively reduce the cenospecies method for planting of soil water evaporation, management of weeds.

Summary of the invention

At the water resource critical shortage of northern China arid and semi-arid area Wheat Production, the present situation that utilization ratio is not high and the field crop smothering is on the rise, find a kind of novel wheat mulching film planting method, realize that synchronously the automatic rupture of membranes of wheat emerges, subtracts the purpose of steaming the water saving and effectively controlling weeds in field.

Up to now, find to realize simultaneously the report of the plastic-sheet-covered wheat kind method for planting of above-mentioned multipurpose as yet.The present invention is on the basis of further investigation and practice, be starting point to alleviate significantly that the Wheat Production water resource consumes excessively, resource contention, raising wheat with effective containment weeds and wheat are the foothold to efficiency of resource, to realize under the prerequisite that the automatic rupture of membranes of wheat is emerged, guaranteeing wheat unit are results spike number, stablizing and improve wheat yield is foothold, and a kind of kind method for planting of novel plastic-sheet-covered wheat is provided.The small size plot can manually be operated by the present invention, and the large tracts of land plot can be developed corresponding supporting sowing, overlay film and earthing machinery and implement, to reach the purpose of entire mechanization operation of the present invention by the principle of the invention.This invention is compared with conventional method, and wheat rupture of membranes is automatically emerged, and puts operations such as seedling, shutoff fenestra without artificial rupture of membrane, realize that simultaneously full field film covers, effectively prevent soil water evaporation and the water conservation effect is remarkable, and weeds can not be unearthed by rupture of membranes, eliminate weeds to the harm of wheat.

Design of the present invention is: earthing causes dark surrounds under the film on the film, wheat embryo is needle-like and hard under dark surrounds, having the automatic rupture of membranes of ability realization wheat of wearing out mulch film emerges, it is with about 90% of the amount of broadcasting tradition planting patternss that wheat is emerged several, if reach the basic seedling amount of traditional planting patterns, the suggestion seeding quantity improves 10%.And the surviving policy of weeds is " to measure victory ", seed amount is many and individual little, no matter unifacial leaf still is that plumule puncture ability after broadleaf weed germinates is much smaller than wheat, the mulch film top covers certain thickness soil, plumule runs into stopping afterwards and crooked parallel aerial growth of mulch film and soil, the earthing block sunlight penetrates on the film, and the final yellow of weeds and death realize effectively eliminating the purpose of weeds.After covering with plastic film and wheat were emerged automatically under the soil of full field, mulch film was effectively protected and does not have permeable hole, and soil water evaporation is curbed, and did not almost have evaporation and took place.

The specific descriptions of method that the present invention adopts: before the sowing, irritate the vola moisture in the soil, use sufficient base fertilizer, turn over back rotary tillage or directly rotary tillage are with the clay fertilizer mixing; Use the wheat seed after selected, smooth native face is done furrow behind the mechanical planting, and the wide integral multiple that equals the mulch film wide cut of furrow is generally 8m; The cladding thickness white degradable mocromembrane or the thickness that are no more than 0.004mm is no more than the black mulch film that the 0.008mm wide cut is 1m or 2m then, and the more thin wheat that more is beneficial to is emerged, zero lap, seamless between each width of cloth mulch film; Evenly cover one deck soil block particle diameter on the film less than the fine earth of 1cm, thickness 1 ~ 2cm, loseing light with whole covering with plastic film to the film is standard, and assurance combines closely with film following table soil and do not have built on stiltsly, and native gross thickness is controlled within 5cm on the wheat cultivation degree of depth and the film.Wait for then and emerging that earthing on the cephacoria of emerging will in time be suppressed or spray water to abolish and harden if met the rain crust; If earthing is husky partially on the film, can not suppress or spray water.Irrigate in the moisturizing of wheat critical period of water need according to soil moisture content after emerging, look the soil fertility situation and determine whether to impose nitrogenous fertilizer with water.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the automatic rupture of membranes of wheat is unearthed, save flow charts such as artificial seedling setting and shutoff leak, the result is that plastic mulching does not have leak under the soil of the full field of wheat, has effectively limited the water evaporates of field soil, and the field water consumption is 60% of traditional planting patterns.The inventor tests for many years and shows simultaneously, film covering guarantor has held moisture under the soil has increased soil heat capacity, soil temperature changes slowly, thereby promotes winter wheat precocity in spring and increase the effective tiller number to improve output, can realize that wheat broadcasts the omnidistance rain in back and support if spring precipitation is no less than 80mm.Earthing can effectively be protected mulch film on the film, yields two crops a year at winter wheat-summer corn and distinguishes, and can plant summer corn in the ranks after the winter wheat results, thereby the two crop anniversaries in season of realizing mulch film use.The used mulch film of the present invention is degradable mulch, at summer corn growth later stage mulch film natural degradation, not contaminated soil.In addition, soil down film covers also can cause and inhales slurry worm adult and can't pass through mulch film arrive ground and form harm from soil, so the present invention also has the function that suppresses to inhale the slurry insect pest.

Embodiment

With following embodiment the present invention is described.

Example one: be example with the winter wheat cultivation.Before the sowing, irritate the vola moisture in the soil, turn over and rotary tillage after using sufficient base fertilizer and moisture in the soil, with the clay fertilizer mixing; Use the winter wheat seed after selected, sowing depth 2cm, smooth native face is after planting done the furrow of wide 8m, long 10m; The white degradable mocromembrane of cladding thickness 0.004mm then, wide cut is 2m; Evenly cover one deck soil block particle diameter on the film less than the soil of 1cm, thickness 2cm, film and film following table soil are combined closely not have and are maked somebody a mere figurehead zero lap and seamless between each width of cloth of mulch film.The earthing of emerging on the cephacoria is met the rain crust, suppresses to abolish and hardens.At the wheat during jointing stage 60mm that pours water, and suitably impose nitrogenous fertilizer in conjunction with pouring water.

Example two: be example with the winter wheat cultivation.Before the sowing, irritate the vola moisture in the soil, use sufficient directly rotary tillage after base fertilizer and the moisture in the soil, with the clay fertilizer mixing; Use the winter wheat seed after selected, sowing depth 2cm, smooth native face is after planting done the furrow of wide 8m, long 10m; The black degradable mulch of cladding thickness 0.006mm then, content of carbon black 3%, wide cut is 1m; Evenly cover one deck soil block particle diameter on the film less than the soil of 1cm, thickness 1cm, film and film following table soil are combined closely not have and are maked somebody a mere figurehead zero lap and seamless between each width of cloth of mulch film.No precipitation before emerging, spring precipitation 80mm does not have to irrigate not have and topdresses.

Example three: be example with the spring wheat cultivation.Before the sowing, use sufficient directly rotary tillage after base fertilizer and the moisture in the soil, with the clay fertilizer mixing, suitable moisture in the soil sowing behind the rain; Use the spring wheat seed after selected, sowing depth 2cm, smooth native face is after planting done the furrow of wide 8m, long 10m; The white degradable mocromembrane of cladding thickness 0.004mm then, wide cut is 2m; Evenly cover one deck soil block particle diameter on the film less than the soil of 1cm, thickness 2cm, film and film following table soil are combined closely not have and are maked somebody a mere figurehead zero lap and seamless between each width of cloth of mulch film.No precipitation before emerging utilizes precipitation to go out the foster nothing of omnidistance rain and topdresses.

Example four: be example with the spring wheat cultivation.Before the sowing, irritate the vola moisture in the soil, use sufficient directly rotary tillage after base fertilizer and the moisture in the soil, with the clay fertilizer mixing; Use the spring wheat seed after selected, sowing depth 2cm, smooth native face is after planting done the furrow of wide 8m, long 10m; The black degradable mulch of cladding thickness 0.006mm then, wide cut is 1m; Evenly cover about one deck soil block particle diameter 0.5cm on the film, the inclined to one side sandy soil of thickness 1cm, film and film following table soil are combined closely not have and are maked somebody a mere figurehead zero lap and seamless between each width of cloth of mulch film.Precipitation is arranged before emerging but do not have the suppression operation, the back rain of emerging is supported not have and is topdressed.

Claims (4)

1. the kind method for planting that steams water saving and management of weeds is emerged, subtracted to a plastic-sheet-covered wheat automatically, when it is characterized in that sowing plastic film mulch, earthing on mulch film, mulch film is that thickness is no more than the not black degradable mulch of superelevation 0.006mm of the white degradable mocromembrane of 0.004mm or thickness, thickness of earth covering is not less than 1cm, and sowing depth and thickness of earth covering summation are not more than 5cm.

2. according to claim a kind of method for planting is characterized in that white degradable mocromembrane thickness is no more than 0.004mm, and black degradable mulch thickness is no more than 0.006.

3. according to claim a kind of method for planting is characterized in that seed level and thickness of earth covering sum 4 ~ 5cm.

4. according to claim a kind of method for planting is characterized in that thickness of earth covering 1 ~ 2cm on the film.