CN103718809A - Method for planting cabbage in greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting cabbage in a greenhouse. The method comprises the steps that 15-30 grams of seedlings are sown in the solar greenhouse per square meter and covered with the screened fine grained soil for soil moisture conservation after seedling sowing, the seedling nursery is prevented from being cracked, and before seedling emergence, the temperature of the greenhouse is kept in the range from 15 DEG C to 25 DEG C; when about 3 main leaves grow on the seedlings, the first-time seedling separation is carried out, the seedlings are conveyed into a nutrition pot, and the temperature of the seedbed greenhouse is controlled within the range from 8 DEG C to 20 DEG C; when 6-7 main leaves grow on the seedlings, the field planting can be prepared, when tender leaves occur, the sufficient water and fertilizer need to be supplied, the early-maturing variety starts to be harvested in the middle ten days of May every year, and the middle-early-maturing and medium-maturing variety is harvested between the last ten days of May and the first ten days of June. According to the planting method, the development of the cabbage planting of the vast farmers of surrounding villages and towns can be rapidly promoted towards large-scale, low-cost, high-benefit and pollution-free directions.

Description

The implantation methods of a kind of greenhouse cabbage

Technical field

The invention belongs to cabbage growing vegetables technical field, particularly relate to the method for a kind of greenhouse cabbage growing vegetables.

Background technology

Vegetables are indispensable non-staple food in people's lives, people require constantly fresh, the various victual of supply of anniversary, only depend on outdoor cropping to be difficult to achieve the goal, especially the northern area of China frost-free season short, although and area, Yangtze river basin open country in winter can be produced some hardy vegetables, kind dullness, if and chance surazo or autumn in summer heavy rain, the unbroken overcast and rainy diastrous weather that waits, grows seedlings early spring and autumn and winter vegetables production all may be subject to larger loss, affects the supply of vegetables.Greenhouse cultivation vegetables can promote precocity, high yield and prolongation supply phase, that the mankind conquer nature, expand a kind of effective way that vegetables produce, realize year-round supply, the part that is development " three height " agricultural, revitalize the rural economy is one of sign of modern agriculture.And utilize booth to carry out vegetable growing, can utilize protection equipment to carry out vegetables production in winter, spring, autumn; to obtain diversified victual; can do sth. in advance and postpone the supply phase of vegetables, can be to regulating the stable market supply of vegetables anniversary, the needs that meet people play an important role.

Cabbage vegetables are that necessity, the consumption in people's dietetic life is large, along with the raising of people's living standard, people also have higher requirement to cabbage vegetables, scalar type by the past changes to mass type, best in quality, nutritious, safety and sanitation are people's inevitable requirements to cabbage vegetables demand from now on.Nuisanceless cabbage vegetables, green cabbage vegetables and organic cabbage vegetables, just should right people's consumer psychology and the variation of consumption idea.From the whole nation, the total amount that cabbage vegetables produce is close to saturation state, but, this is the saturated of low level kind and quantity, and green cabbage vegetables and organic cabbage vegetables quantity delivered can not meet the growing market demand far away, total amount consumed constantly increases, and market capacity is large, and development space is wide.

Summary of the invention

The invention discloses the implantation methods of a kind of greenhouse cabbage, it is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:

(1) at greenhouse by solar heat mid or late January or small arched shed early and middle ten days in January seeding and seedling raising, every square metre of sub-15-30 gram of sowing, vola water will be raked and water to the furrow of growing seedlings, spread seed even, broadcast fine earth soil moisture conservation the be full of cracks of anti-seedling furrow after rear covering is sieved, before emerging, greenhouse remains between 15 ~ 25 ℃;

(2) when seedling grows to 3 left and right true leaves, once divide seedling, young plant moves to nutritive cube, and greenhouse, seedbed general control is at 8 ~ 20 ℃;

(3) to growth of seedling to 6 ~ 7, a true leaf can be prepared field planting, and the experienced seedling that leaks informaton will be noted in first 7 ~ 10 days seedbeds of field planting, and seedbed minimum temperature can be down to 3 ~ 5 ℃ gradually, before field planting, select fertile soil, the plot that physical features is smooth, has executed base fertilizer and has made flat furrow, 4500 strains of plantation density early-maturing variety, every mu of 3500 ~ 4000 strains of mid-early maturity kind, every mu of 2500 ~ 3000 strains of medium variety, connect after field planting and water water twice, intertillage restraining the growth of seedlings subsequently 2 times, each 5 ~ 7 days, in case young plant excessive growth;

(4) when starting to wrap the heart, want well-off liquid manure, early-maturing variety starts results annual mid-May, and mid-early maturity, medium variety were gathered in the crops in late May to early June.

Described nutritive cube refers to: contain more nutriment ﹑ and cultivate the alms bowl shape thing that crop seedling is used.With earthor peat﹑ fertilizerwith waterafter mixing according to a certain percentage, put into soil-block forming device tool to make; Also useful plasticsparticle forms through blowing processing and fabricating.The nutritive cube of application is mostly plastic nutritional alms bowl in the market, and market is on sale.

Kind of the present invention mainly contains: 1. summer light wild cabbage: show as precocity, heat-resisting, high yield, balling are tight, and regularity is high.The principal item as wild cabbage cultivation in summer.2000-2500 kilograms of this kind of per mu yields.For butch haircut bag, it is combination.2. rich No. 1 of capital: ripe, more heat-resisting in showing as early, cold-resistant, resistance to fertilizer, avoid accumulated water and arid, leaf-head consolidation, middle forward type, ripe consistent, quality better, is the autumn of widely promoting in recent years to plant wild cabbage first-filial generation breeding, 3000 kilograms of left and right of per mu yield.3. heart bag: show as precocity, winter habit is strong, is difficult for bolting, cold-resistant, resistance to fertilizer, thermo-labile, avoid accumulated water and arid.Plant compactness, tip type, is the spring cabbage main breed of surviving the winter for many years, 1000-1500 kilograms of per mu yields.4. the spring is rich: be combination, show as precocity, and high yield, cold-resistant, to survive the winter and be difficult for bolting, siphonal lobe is few, and leaf-head is fat pointed, balling consolidation, 3,000 one 4000 kilograms of per mu yields.Survive the winter the in recent years new quality product kind of spring cabbage cultivation of system.5. sweet No. one of elder brother: be combination, show as leaf-head tight, OX-heart shape, winter habit a little less than, quality better, disease resistance is stronger, cold resistance is poor, mainly does wild cabbage cultivation in early spring.2000 kilograms of left and right of per mu yield.

Implantation methods of the present invention, wherein seeding and seedling raising refers to: before sowing, not vernalization of seed, broadcasts dry seed.

The more detailed implantation methods of the present invention is as follows:

Cabbage selects winter habit to be difficult for by force morning, the medium variety of " underdone bolting ", at greenhouse by solar heat (mid or late January) or small arched shed (early and middle ten days in January) seeding and seedling raising, before sowing, generally not vernalization of seed, broadcasts dry seed, and vola water will be raked and water to the furrow of growing seedlings, spread seed even, broadcast fine earth soil moisture conservation the be full of cracks of anti-seedling furrow after rear covering is sieved, before emerging, greenhouse remains between 15 ~ 25 ℃ as far as possible.General 5 days left and right tidy seedlings outputs, note leaking informaton gradually in time, and temperature is remained between 10 ~ 20 ℃ gradually, if young plant is overstocked, need " thinning " in time, in case young plant excessive growth.When seedling grows to 3 left and right true leaves (about mid or late Febuary), once divide seedling, young plant moves to nutritive cube, and greenhouse, seedbed general control is at 8 ~ 20 ℃.To late March growth of seedling to 6 ~ 7 true leaf, can prepare field planting.The experienced seedling that leaks informaton will be noted in first 7 ~ 10 days seedbeds of field planting, and seedbed minimum temperature can be down to 3 ~ 5 ℃ gradually.Before field planting, select fertile soil, the plot that physical features is smooth, execute base fertilizer and made flat furrow, general early-maturing variety 4500 strains of plantation density, every mu of 3500 ~ 4000 strains of mid-early maturity kind, every mu of 2500 ~ 3000 strains of medium variety, after field planting, connect and water little twice water, intertillage restraining the growth of seedlings subsequently 2 times, each 5 ~ 7 days, in case young plant excessive growth.When starting to wrap the heart, want well-off liquid manure, while entering May, note preventing aphid and cabbage caterpillar.Early-maturing variety starts results mid-May, and mid-early maturity, medium variety were gathered in the crops in late May to early June, and leaf-head results are wanted in good time, in case blastomere, plantation situation is as follows:

Society and ecological benefits that the implantation methods of greenhouse cabbage vegetables disclosed by the invention has are:

(1) social benefit

Project construction can produce huge social benefit, the local peasant that not only gets rich, increase local finance income, and will drive cabbage vegetables industry to melt the development of sending out with rural economy.The one, promote agricultural structure adjustment.By this project implementation, do industry restructuring well, accelerate to promote the construction of nuisanceless cabbage vegetables industry and development level.Simultaneously can be to surrounding area provide seed, seedling to more wide scope, further optimize agricultural structure.The 2nd, to society, provide safety food, nuisanceless cabbage vegetables, green cabbage vegetables, provide industrialization production model and complete technology and technique, the standardization and the internationalization that advance green cabbage vegetables to produce.The 3rd, for surplus rural labor force provides more job, can directly provide 300-400 people's job.The 4th, for the scientific research of cabbage vegetables and achievements conversion provide place, the speed and the conversion ratio that advance science and technology and the combination of producing, accelerate achievements conversion.

(2) ecological benefits

Project construction is based on protection and is improved the ecological environment, and whole Project Areas cabbage vegetables produce and adopt green cabbage vegetables production technology, is conducive to ecotope to benign cycle future development.By project construction, can improve agricultural organic waste comprehensive treatment technique, increase organic manure, reduce chemical fertilizer, applications of pesticide amount, increase soil fertility, improve soil aggregate.After project is built up, will form benign ecological cycles, realize agriculture sustainable development.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described, and following embodiment is illustrative, is not determinate, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with following embodiment.Various raw material of the present invention all has commercially available.Wherein the various markets of cabbage are on sale.Nutritive cube market is on sale." part " in following examples refer to kilogram or gram, according to the situation of actual production, selected.

Embodiment 1

(1) in greenhouse by solar heat mid or late January or small arched shed early and middle ten days in January sowing (summer light cabbage seed), grow seedlings, sow 15 grams of sons for every square metre, vola water will be raked and water to the furrow of growing seedlings, spread seed even, broadcast fine earth soil moisture conservation the be full of cracks of anti-seedling furrow after rear covering is sieved, before emerging, greenhouse remains on 15 ℃;

(2) when seedling grows to 3 left and right true leaves, once divide seedling, young plant moves to nutritive cube, and greenhouse, seedbed general control is at 10 ℃;

(3) to growth of seedling to 6 true leaf, can prepare field planting, the experienced seedling that leaks informaton will be noted in first 7 days seedbeds of field planting, and seedbed minimum temperature can be down to 5 ℃ gradually, before field planting, select fertile soil, the plot that physical features is smooth, has executed base fertilizer and has made flat furrow, 4500 strains of plantation density early-maturing variety, every mu of 3500 strains of mid-early maturity kind, every mu of 2500 strains of medium variety, connect after field planting and water water twice, intertillage restraining the growth of seedlings subsequently 2 times, each 5 days, in case young plant excessive growth;

(4) when starting to wrap the heart, want well-off liquid manure, early-maturing variety starts results annual mid-May, and mid-early maturity, medium variety were gathered in the crops in late May to early June.Wherein seeding and seedling raising refers to: before sowing, not vernalization of seed, broadcasts dry seed.

Embodiment 2

(1) in greenhouse by solar heat mid or late January or small arched shed early and middle ten days in January sowing (rich No. 1 seed in capital), grow seedlings, sow 30 grams of sons for every square metre, vola water will be raked and water to the furrow of growing seedlings, spread seed even, broadcast fine earth soil moisture conservation the be full of cracks of anti-seedling furrow after rear covering is sieved, before emerging, greenhouse remains on 25 ℃;

(2) when seedling grows to 3 left and right true leaves, once divide seedling, young plant moves to nutritive cube, and greenhouse, seedbed general control is at 15 ℃;

(3) to growth of seedling to 7 true leaf, can prepare field planting, the experienced seedling that leaks informaton will be noted in first 10 days seedbeds of field planting, and seedbed minimum temperature can be down to 5 ℃ gradually, before field planting, select fertile soil, the plot that physical features is smooth, has executed base fertilizer and has made flat furrow, 4500 strains of plantation density early-maturing variety, every mu of 4000 strains of mid-early maturity kind, every mu of 3000 strains of medium variety, connect after field planting and water water twice, intertillage restraining the growth of seedlings subsequently 2 times, each 7 days, in case young plant excessive growth;

(4) when starting to wrap the heart, want well-off liquid manure, early-maturing variety starts results annual mid-May, and mid-early maturity, medium variety were gathered in the crops in late May to early June.Wherein seeding and seedling raising refers to: before sowing, not vernalization of seed, broadcasts dry seed.

Embodiment 3

(1) in greenhouse by solar heat mid or late January or small arched shed early and middle ten days in January sowing (the sweet seed of elder brother), grow seedlings, sow 25 grams of sons for every square metre, vola water will be raked and water to the furrow of growing seedlings, spread seed even, broadcast fine earth soil moisture conservation the be full of cracks of anti-seedling furrow after rear covering is sieved, before emerging, greenhouse remains on 20 ℃;

(2) when seedling grows to 3 left and right true leaves, once divide seedling, young plant moves to nutritive cube, and greenhouse, seedbed general control is at 15 ℃;

(3) to growth of seedling to 7 true leaf, can prepare field planting, the experienced seedling that leaks informaton will be noted in first 8 days seedbeds of field planting, and seedbed minimum temperature can be down to 3 ~ 5 ℃ gradually, before field planting, select fertile soil, the plot that physical features is smooth, has executed base fertilizer and has made flat furrow, 4500 strains of plantation density early-maturing variety, every mu of 4000 strains of mid-early maturity kind, every mu of 2500 strains of medium variety, connect after field planting and water water twice, intertillage restraining the growth of seedlings subsequently 2 times, each 7 days, in case young plant excessive growth;

(4) when starting to wrap the heart, want well-off liquid manure, early-maturing variety starts results annual mid-May, and mid-early maturity, medium variety were gathered in the crops in late May to early June.Wherein seeding and seedling raising refers to: before sowing, not vernalization of seed, broadcasts dry seed.

Embodiment 4

Reference example

Single-ridgepole glasshouse construction area 740 square meters (1.035 mu), are two conjuncted shape greenhouses of thing, east construction area 240 square meters, specification: long 20 meters × wide 12 meters.Front wall is high 2.5 meters, and rear wall is high 4.5 meters.Rear top is the sunlight board of wide 2 meters × 20 meters of length, and inner side is the solar panel of 2 meters × 20 meters, and front top is the canopy film of wide 10 meters × 20 meters of length.Top, greenhouse is the highest 5.5 meters.Western part is energy-saving warm house booth, and long 55.5 meters × wide 9 meters, the high 2.5 meters of semi-slope canopy films of rear wall cover.Both sides body of wall and middle wall body leave the fan hole of 2 diameter 80cm.

Cabbage is selected the kind that winter habit is strong, at greenhouse by solar heat, and mid or late January; or small arched shed, January early and middle ten days, seeding and seedling raising; every square metre of sub-15-30 gram of sowing, before sowing, vola water will be raked and water to the furrow of growing seedlings; spread seed even, broadcast fine earth soil moisture conservation the be full of cracks of anti-seedling furrow after rear covering is sieved, before emerging; greenhouse remains between 15 ℃ as far as possible, and temperature remains between 10 ℃ gradually, when seedling grows to 3 true leaves; once divide seedling, young plant moves to nutritive cube, and greenhouse, seedbed general control is at 20 ℃; To late March growth of seedling to 6 true leaf, can prepare field planting; The experienced seedling that leaks informaton will be noted in first 7 days seedbeds of field planting, and seedbed minimum temperature can be down to 5 ℃ gradually; Before field planting, select fertile soil, the plot that physical features is smooth, has executed base fertilizer and has made flat furrow, general early-maturing variety 4500 strains of plantation density; every mu of 3500 strains of mid-early maturity kind, every mu of 2500 strains of medium variety, connect after field planting and water little twice water; intertillage restraining the growth of seedlings subsequently 2 times, each 5 days, in case young plant excessive growth; When starting to wrap the heart, want well-off liquid manure, while entering May, note preventing aphid and cabbage caterpillar; Early-maturing variety starts results mid-May, and mid-early maturity, medium variety were gathered in the crops in late May to early June, and leaf-head results are wanted in good time, in case blastomere.

Inside greenhouse temperature design control model is: 12 ℃ of temperature, humidity 30% interval.Utilize pipeline sprinkling water smoke, ventilation fan to form mobile internal gas flow.Winter generally outside air temperature on average-6 ℃ of left and right, utilize night heat-preservation cotton to be effectively incubated, such temperature indoor temperature can be lower than 15 ℃, and winter, night, extreme temperature can reach-16 ℃ sometimes, at this moment just must heat so that burning boiler is auxiliary, make warm indoor temperature be not less than 10 degree.Major measure is to select high yield, Resistant kind, adjusts cropping system, adopts kind, rice field-upland field rotation.Physical control is to take frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp insect-killing trapping.Disease control: first-selected biology insect-pest method is as Bt, matrine etc., select optimum control period, accomplish should preventing in season of each cabbage vegetable variety susceptible disease evil, measure comprehensively, put in place, during removing the evil, select high-efficiency low-toxicity low-residual preparation, sick worm was eliminated in the spot film emergence period.Forbid to use the contour malicious persistent pesticide of organic phosphor on cabbage vegetables, strictly observe the safety interval of gathering, fertilising, spray medicine are carried out integrated, accomplish the whole process control of producing, guarantee to produce the product that meets green cabbage vegetables quality standard-required, meet the demand in market.

Claims (2)

1. an implantation methods for greenhouse cabbage, is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:

(1) at greenhouse by solar heat mid or late January or small arched shed early and middle ten days in January seeding and seedling raising, every square metre of sub-15-30 gram of sowing, vola water will be raked and water to the furrow of growing seedlings, spread seed even, broadcast fine earth soil moisture conservation the be full of cracks of anti-seedling furrow after rear covering is sieved, before emerging, greenhouse remains between 15 ~ 25 ℃;

(2) when seedling grows to 3 left and right true leaves, once divide seedling, young plant moves to nutritive cube, and greenhouse, seedbed general control is at 8 ~ 20 ℃;

(3) to growth of seedling to 6 ~ 7, a true leaf can be prepared field planting, and the experienced seedling that leaks informaton will be noted in first 7 ~ 10 days seedbeds of field planting, and seedbed minimum temperature can be down to 3 ~ 5 ℃ gradually, before field planting, select fertile soil, the plot that physical features is smooth, has executed base fertilizer and has made flat furrow, 4500 strains of plantation density early-maturing variety, every mu of 3500 ~ 4000 strains of mid-early maturity kind, every mu of 2500 ~ 3000 strains of medium variety, connect after field planting and water water twice, intertillage restraining the growth of seedlings subsequently 2 times, each 5 ~ 7 days, in case young plant excessive growth;

(4) when starting to wrap the heart, want well-off liquid manure, early-maturing variety starts results annual mid-May, and mid-early maturity, medium variety were gathered in the crops in late May to early June.

2. implantation methods claimed in claim 1, wherein seeding and seedling raising refers to: before sowing, not vernalization of seed, broadcasts dry seed.