CN103431210A - Prawn feed additive and application thereof - Google Patents
Prawn feed additive and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103431210A CN103431210A CN2013103226109A CN201310322610A CN103431210A CN 103431210 A CN103431210 A CN 103431210A CN 2013103226109 A CN2013103226109 A CN 2013103226109A CN 201310322610 A CN201310322610 A CN 201310322610A CN 103431210 A CN103431210 A CN 103431210A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a prawn feed additive which is guava leaves. The guava leaves are added to prawn basal feed, and prepared prawn feed comprising the guava leaves has functions of promoting growth of sugpo prawns and improving the immunity of the prawns. The invention further discloses an application of the prawn feed additive in preparing the feed with the functions of promoting the growth of the sugpo prawns and improving the immunity of the prawns.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the prawn feed technical field, be specially a kind of prawn feed additive and application thereof.
Background technology
Penaeus monodon is as the prawn culturing kind of cultured area and output maximum in three large shrimps in culture on our times, there is growth fast, strong adaptability, feeding habits are assorted, the characteristics such as output height and remarkable in economical benefits, growing seedlings and cultivating also in continuous expansion in coastal areas of southern China in recent years.But extensive to the transition process of modern intensive cultivation from tradition, disease has become the key factor that the restriction culture fishery develops in a healthy way.The long-term use of a large amount of antibiotic, organic agricultural chemicals and disease resistance medicine severe contamination breeding water body, and its residual quality that also can affect aquatic products, reduce the nutritive value of aquatic products, even the health of harm humans, seriously restrict the sustainable development of culture fishery.Therefore, the Chinese herbal medicine that has an immunoregulation effect has caused attention both domestic and external.
That Chinese herbal medicine has is natural, efficient, toxic and side effect is few, the resistance to the action of a drug not significantly, aboundresources and the advantage such as performance is various, can improve aquatic livestock performance and efficiency of feed utilization, can prevent and treat disease again, effectively substitute antibiotics, organic agricultural chemicals and disease resistance medicine more and more are subject to people's favor in aquaculture.Improve at present the also discovery of research of the growth performance of prawn and the nospecific immunity aspect of regulating prawn about Guava Leaf.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of prawn feed additive, this prawn feed additive can be added in the prawn basal feed, and the prawn feed of making has the effect that promotes the Penaeus monodon growth and strengthen the prawn immunoloregulation function.
The present invention also aims to provide above-mentioned prawn feed additive to there is the application that promotes the Penaeus monodon growth and strengthen the feed aspect aspect the Penaeus monodon immunologic function in preparation.
First purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution: a kind of prawn feed additive, described additive is Guava Leaf, described Guava Leaf is added in the prawn basal feed, and the prawn feed that contains Guava Leaf of making has the effect that promotes the Penaeus monodon growth and strengthen the Penaeus monodon immunologic function.
Contain the several functions compositions such as abundant flavone compound, phenolic compound, polysaccharide, inorganic elements, volatile oil, saponin(e and oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in Guava Leaf, its contained Quercetin can pass through the antagonism calcium ion, make virus can not enter in cell because lacking the auxiliary of calcium ion, 2α-Hydroxyursolic Acid can, by stimulating FN-γ secretion, strengthen the immunologic function of prawn body.
In fact, the present invention is known by follow-up test, while adding the Guava Leaf of different content in the prawn basal feed, all can promote the growth of prawn, and prawn is had to immunoloregulation function.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the addition of Guava Leaf of the present invention accounts for 0.20～1.0 ‰ of prawn basal feed gross mass.
As a kind of preferably scheme of the present invention, the addition of Guava Leaf of the present invention accounts for 0.25 ‰ of prawn basal feed gross mass.
It is as follows that the present invention states composition and the mass parts optimum ratio of prawn basal feed:
In fact, be only the mix proportion scheme of enumerating a kind of prawn basal feed wherein here, adopt the scheme of the prawn basal feed of other proportioning also to be fine.
As a kind of better technical scheme of the present invention, the feeding volume of prawn feed of the present invention accounts for 5～8% of prawn gross mass.
Guava Leaf of the present invention must be used after pulverizing 60 mesh sieves.
Second purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution: above-mentioned prawn feed additive has the application that promotes the Penaeus monodon growth and strengthen the feed aspect aspect spot joint immunologic function in preparation.
Advantage of the present invention is: the Guava Leaf wide material sources, toxic and side effect is little, the resistance to the action of a drug is not remarkable, the chemical composition structure is various, can improve the growth performance of prawn, can prevent and treat disease by strengthening immunity again, effectively substitute antibiotics, organic agricultural chemicals and disease resistance medicine, can effectively reduce production costs, improve income.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the impact on Penaeus monodon serum Phenoloxidase Activities of the prawn feed that contains Guava Leaf in embodiment 1-5 and Comparative Examples;
Fig. 2 is the impact on Penaeus monodon PAS vigor of the prawn feed that contains Guava Leaf in embodiment 1-5 and Comparative Examples;
Fig. 3 is the impact on the Penaeus monodon Activity of alkaline phosphatase of the prawn feed that contains Guava Leaf in embodiment 1-5 and Comparative Examples;
Fig. 4 is the impact of the prawn feed of Guava Leaf in embodiment 1-5 and Comparative Examples on Penaeus monodon serum superoxide dismutases (SOD) vigor.
The specific embodiment
The prawn feed additive that the present embodiment provides, this additive is Guava Leaf, and this Guava Leaf is added in the prawn basal feed, and the addition of Guava Leaf accounts for 0.25 ‰ of prawn basal feed gross mass.
The composition of prawn basal feed and proportion by weight following (lower same):
The prawn feed additive that the present embodiment provides, this additive is Guava Leaf, and this Guava Leaf is added in the prawn basal feed, and the addition of Guava Leaf accounts for 0.5 ‰ of prawn basal feed gross mass.
Composition and the proportion by weight of prawn basal feed are the same.
Embodiment 3
The prawn feed additive that the present embodiment provides, this additive is Guava Leaf, and this Guava Leaf is added in the prawn basal feed, and the addition of Guava Leaf accounts for 1 ‰ of prawn basal feed gross mass.
Composition and the proportion by weight of prawn basal feed are the same.
The prawn feed additive that the present embodiment provides, this additive is Guava Leaf, and this Guava Leaf is added in the prawn basal feed, and the addition of Guava Leaf accounts for 2 ‰ of prawn basal feed gross mass.
Composition and the proportion by weight of prawn basal feed are the same.
The prawn feed additive that the present embodiment provides, this additive is Guava Leaf, and this Guava Leaf is added in the prawn basal feed, and the addition of Guava Leaf accounts for 4 ‰ of prawn basal feed gross mass.
Composition and the proportion by weight of prawn basal feed are the same.
Comparative Examples
The prawn feed additive that the present embodiment provides, this additive is Guava Leaf, and this Guava Leaf is added in the prawn basal feed, and the addition of Guava Leaf accounts for 0 ‰ of prawn basal feed gross mass.
Composition and the proportion by weight of prawn basal feed are the same.
Below above-mentioned prawn feed is had and promotes the Penaeus monodon growth and strengthen immunity function of shrimp to be tested:
1, test material and method
1.1 prawn is selected
Test is the Penaeus monodon that aquatic products research institute Shenzhen, South Sea base plant raises with shrimp, and body weight is 1.576g ± 0.011g.
1.2 test the preparation of feed
In test feed, the addition of Guava Leaf is respectively 0.25 ‰ (quality percentage composition, lower same, embodiment 1), 0.5 ‰ (embodiment 2), 1 ‰ (embodiment 3), 2 ‰ (embodiment 4), 4 ‰ (embodiment 5), 0 ‰ (Comparative Examples), each difference of organizing the Guava Leaf addition in feed replaces with the high refined flour of equivalent.Basal feed forms in Table 1(Chen Yi virtue etc., the research of different size Penaeus Vannmei to protein requirement.Guangdong agricultural science, 2011,13:118-121.）。After the feedstuff powder mixes, add 40% running water to stir, make the particle that particle diameter is 1.0mm and 2.0mm, dry to be placed in-20 ℃ of refrigerators and save backup.
Table 1 prawn basal feed nutritional labeling (%)
1.3 the cultivating condition of test prawn
Penaeus monodon is indoor foster temporarily at the aquatic products research experiment, and aquaculture water filters after precipitation, keeps continuous 24h inflation, and every day, quantity of exchanged water was about 1/3, and temperature remains on 28～30 ℃, and salinity is 32 ‰～33 ‰.Support temporarily to prawn in stable conditionly, select the healthy Penaeus monodon of uniform size of body colour after conforming and tested.The test prawn is divided 6 groups, and three every group are parallel, the corresponding 6 groups of feeds of difference, and being placed in volume is 0.5m
3the round plastic bucket in, Plastic Drum covers with nylon wire, raises after 8 weeks and weighs.
1.4 feeding and management
Test with Penaeus monodon in every day 8:00,17:00,22:00 fed intake, inventory is 5%～8% of prawn quality, and suitably adjusts feeding volume according to the situation of ingesting, breeding process whole process is not carried out water body disinfection, any medicine of not throwing something and feeding.
1.5 prawn serum obtains
Experiment is got blood after finishing.Disposable syringe with 1mL while getting blood inserts heart extraction blood after the prawn head cuirass, every barrel of blood merging of getting 10 tail shrimps is inserted in aseptic centrifuge tube, and 4 ℃ of refrigerator overnight, after blood clotting, the centrifugal 10min of 4000r/min obtains serum, is placed in-80 ℃ of Refrigerator stores standby.
1.6 prawn growth measurement
During on-test, choose prawn 25 tails of uniform size and claim initial weight, be placed in Plastic Drum and cultivate, prepare altogether 18 barrels, in each barrel, the prawn gross mass differs and is less than 5%, is divided into 6 groups, and 3 barrels every group, the 6 groups of feeds of throwing something and feeding respectively, after feeding experiment finishes, every group of prawn takes respectively body weight, calculates the relative weight gain rate.Computing formula is as follows:
The relative weight gain rate (%)=[(weigh-test of test opisthosoma is body weight just)/test is body weight just] * 100%.
1.7 the mensuration of the nospecific immunity factor
L-dopa is purchased from Sigma company, and phenol oxidase (PO) vigor is measured by the Ashida method of having improved.The L-dopa of the phosphate buffer of 3mL0.1mol/L, pH=6.0 and 0.1mL0.01mol/L and 0.1mL test serum are mixed under room temperature, and every minor tick 2min reads in the absorbance value under the 490nm wavelength.With A490, the reaction time is mapped, increase by 0.001 with the every 1min of A490 under experimental condition and be defined as 1 enzyme activity unit.
The mensuration of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) superoxide dismutase (SOD) vigor adopts the assay method of kit, and kit is purchased from Nanjing and builds up bio-engineering research institute.It is 1 King unit at 37 ℃ with matrix effect 15min generation 1mg phenol that ACP and AKP are defined as 100mL serum.It is 1 unit of activity (U) that the SOD enzyme activity unit is defined as in the 1ml reactant liquor corresponding SOD amount when the SOD inhibiting rate reaches 50%.
2, test results and analysis
2.1 the impact of Guava Leaf on the Penaeus monodon growth
Throw something and feed after the feed that contains the variable concentrations Guava Leaf, the relative weight gain rate of Penaeus monodon all is significantly improved.After off-test, the relative growth rate of control group is 212.95%～216.20%; And, after the feed of the interpolation Guava Leaf of throwing something and feeding, the rate of body weight gain of Penaeus monodon all is significantly higher than control group (P<0.05).
The relative weight gain rate of Penaeus monodon in table 2 embodiment 1-5 and Comparative Examples
2.2 the impact of Guava Leaf on Penaeus monodon serum phenol oxidase (PO) vigor
After throwing something and feeding and adding the feed of variable concentrations Guava Leaf, the blood-serum P O vigor of Penaeus monodon all is significantly improved.The PO vigor that adds 0.25 ‰, 0.5 ‰, 1 ‰, 2 ‰, 4 ‰ group reaches respectively 7.5,5.9,5.4,3.7,3.6 all higher than 3.4 of control group, adds 0.25 ‰, 0.5 ‰, 1 ‰ group all and significant difference (P<0.05) between control group.Add 2 ‰, 4 ‰ groups with control group difference not significantly (P>0.05), and it is the highest to add the PO vigor of 0.25 ‰ group, along with the increase of Guava Leaf addition, the PO vigor reduces, but still higher than control group (specifically as shown in Figure 1).
2.3 the impact of Guava Leaf on Penaeus monodon PAS (ACP) vigor
Guava Leaf on the impact of Penaeus monodon PAS (ACP) vigor as shown in Figure 2, as seen from Figure 2, after throwing something and feeding and adding the feed of variable concentrations Guava Leaf, the ACP vigor of four processed group is all higher than control group, and 0.5 ‰, 1 ‰, 2 ‰, 4 ‰ groups and control group significant difference (P<0.05), 0.25 ‰ group with control group difference not significantly (P > 0.05), the ACP vigor raises along with the increase of the addition of Guava Leaf, when addition reaches 1 ‰, the ACP vigor reaches the highest, continue to increase again the interpolation concentration of Guava Leaf, the ACP vigor reduces on the contrary.
2.4 the impact of Guava Leaf on Penaeus monodon serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) vigor
Guava Leaf on the impact of Penaeus monodon serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) vigor as shown in Figure 3, as seen from Figure 3, after throwing something and feeding and adding the feed of variable concentrations Guava Leaf, the AKP vigor of four processed group is all higher than control group, and 1 ‰ groups and control group significant difference (P<0.05), 0.25 ‰, 0.5 ‰, 2 ‰, 4 ‰ groups with control group difference not significantly (P>0.05), the AKP vigor raises along with the increase of the addition of Guava Leaf, when addition reaches 1 ‰, the AKP vigor reaches the highest, afterwards along with the increase of the interpolation concentration of Guava Leaf and reduce.
2.5 the impact of Guava Leaf on Penaeus monodon serum superoxide dismutases (SOD) vigor
Guava Leaf on the impact of Penaeus monodon serum superoxide dismutases (SOD) vigor as shown in Figure 4, as seen from Figure 4, add these two groups of prawn serum activity of SOD of 0.25 ‰, 0.5 ‰ Guava Leafs all higher than control group in feed, reached the highest at 0.25 ‰ o'clock, and reduce along with the increase of Guava Leaf addition, 2 ‰ and 4 ‰ o'clock lower than control group, but the serum activity of SOD of test group and control group difference all not significantly (P>0.05).
3, conclusion
Experimental result shows: add 0.25 ‰, 0.5 ‰, 1 ‰, 2 ‰, 4 ‰ Guava Leaf in feed, all can promote the growth of Penaeus monodon, and with control group significant difference (P<0.05).The concentration of adding Guava Leaf is the highest 0.25 ‰ o'clock the relative weight gain rate recruitment, and along with adding increasing of concentration, the relative weight gain rate increases and reduces.
Prophenoloxidase-activating system is a kind of and the similar enzyme cascade system of vertebrate complement system, this system is positioned at haemocyte, pro-phenoloxidase is present in the haemocyte particle with inactive state, can in many microorganisms, be there is immunocompetent substance activating and be produced chain reaction, produce phenol oxidase (PO), and discharge melanin and some highly active intermediate products, stimulate haemocyte to be engulfed, tubercle forms, packing and movement etc., slow down cause of disease diffusion and infection in vivo.Much research shows, the prawn that phenol oxidase (PO) vigor is high is strong to the resistivity of cause of disease.As shown in Figure 1, the PO vigor that adds these three groups of prawns of 0.25 ‰, 0.5 ‰, 1 ‰ Guava Leafs in feed all is significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), and 0.25 ‰ group of PO vigor is the highest, and all the other two groups with control group difference not significantly (P > 0.05).
Phosphatase is the enzyme of the various phosphorus-containing compounds hydrolysis of a kind of energy catalysis, extensively is present in various animal bodies, and be important removing toxic substances system in animal body, comprise acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP).ACP is the lysosomal marker enzyme of macrophage, has result of study to show, at the crustacean haemocyte, carries out in the immune response of phagocytosis and encapsulation, can be with the release of ACP.And AKP is a kind of important metabolic regulation enzyme in organism, not only can participate in the transfer of phosphoric acid group directly, also can participate in the synthetic of body protein.As can be seen from Figure 2 in feed, the Guava Leaf of interpolation 0.25 ‰, 0.5 ‰, 1 ‰, 2 ‰, 4 ‰ all can improve prawn serum ACP vigor, except 0.25 ‰ group with control group difference not significantly (P > 0.05), all the other each groups all are significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), wherein, 1 ‰ groups the highest.The 1 ‰ Guava Leaf group prawn serum AKP level vigor that add as can be seen from Figure 3 are significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), and all the other four groups with control group difference not significantly (P>0.05).
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a kind of important oxygen free radical scavenger in body, the oxygen radical in can balanced body, thus avoid the too high bad reaction caused of Concentration of Superoxide Anion Radical in body.As can be seen from Figure 4, add these two groups of prawn serum activity of SOD of 0.25 ‰, 0.5 ‰ Guava Leafs all higher than control group in feed, reached the highest at 0.25 ‰ o'clock, and reduce along with the increase of Guava Leaf addition, 2 ‰ and 4 ‰ o'clock lower than control group, but with control group difference all not significantly (P > 0.05).
In sum, Guava Leaf can promote the growth of Penaeus monodon, and interpolation concentration is the highest in 0.25 ‰ the relative weight gain rate; And Guava Leaf has certain immunoloregulation function, can effectively improve the vigor of Penaeus monodon blood-serum P O, ACP, AKP, SOD.The promotion of no matter growing to advancing Penaeus monodon, or to immune humidification, all relevant to interpolation concentration, surpass finite concentration and can not continue the increasing action effect; Consider, addition is proper 0.25 ‰～1 ‰.
Above-described embodiment is preferably embodiment of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be equivalent substitute mode, be included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a prawn feed additive, it is characterized in that: described additive is Guava Leaf, and described Guava Leaf is added in the prawn basal feed, the prawn feed that contains Guava Leaf of making has the growth of the Penaeus monodon of promotion and strengthens the prawn immunoloregulation function.
2. prawn feed additive according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the addition of described Guava Leaf accounts for 0.20～1.0 ‰ of prawn basal feed gross mass.
3. prawn feed additive according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the addition of described Guava Leaf accounts for 0.25 ‰ of prawn basal feed gross mass.
4. prawn feed additive according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the feeding volume of described prawn feed accounts for 5～8% of prawn gross mass.
5. according to the described prawn feed additive of claim 1-4 any one, it is characterized in that: described Guava Leaf was used after pulverizing 60 mesh sieves.
6. the described prawn feed additive of claim 1-4 any one has the application that promotes the Penaeus monodon growth and strengthen the feed aspect aspect the Penaeus monodon immunologic function in preparation.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107080113A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-08-22 | 深圳市富炜城投资有限公司 | A kind of prawn feed with growth-promoting additive and preparation method thereof |
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