CN103431210B - Prawn feed additive and application thereof - Google Patents
Prawn feed additive and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103431210B CN103431210B CN201310322610.9A CN201310322610A CN103431210B CN 103431210 B CN103431210 B CN 103431210B CN 201310322610 A CN201310322610 A CN 201310322610A CN 103431210 B CN103431210 B CN 103431210B
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- prawn
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- guava leaf
- penaeus monodon
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Abstract
The invention discloses a prawn feed additive which is guava leaves. The guava leaves are added to prawn basal feed, and prepared prawn feed comprising the guava leaves has functions of promoting growth of sugpo prawns and improving the immunity of the prawns. The invention further discloses an application of the prawn feed additive in preparing the feed with the functions of promoting the growth of the sugpo prawns and improving the immunity of the prawns.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to prawn feed technical field, be specially a kind of prawn feed additive and application thereof.
Background technology
Penaeus monodon is as cultured area in three large shrimps in culture on our times and the maximum prawn culturing kind of output, have growth fast, strong adaptability, feeding habits are mixed, the features such as the high and remarkable in economical benefits of output, in recent years coastal areas of southern China nursery and cultivate also in continuous expansion.But extensive to the transition process of modern intensiveization cultivation from tradition, disease has become the key factor that restriction culture fishery develops in a healthy way.The Long-Time Service of a large amount of antibiotic, organic agricultural chemicals and disease resistance medicine is severe contamination breeding water body, and its residual quality that also can affect aquatic products, reduce the nutritive value of aquatic products, the even health of harm humans, the sustainable development of serious restriction culture fishery.Therefore, the Chinese herbal medicine with immunoregulation effect causes attention both domestic and external.
Chinese herbal medicine have natural, efficient, toxic and side effect is few, the resistance to the action of a drug not significantly, aboundresources and the advantage such as performance is various, aquatic livestock performance and efficiency of feed utilization can be improved, again can controlling disease, can effectively substitute antibiotics, organic agricultural chemicals and disease resistance medicine, in aquaculture, be more and more subject to the favor of people.Improve the growth performance of prawn about Guava Leaf at present and regulate the research in the nospecific immunity of prawn also not find.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of prawn feed additive, this prawn feed additive can be added in prawn basal feed, and the prawn feed made has the effect promoting Penaeus monodon growth and strengthen prawn immunoloregulation function.
The present invention also aims to provide above-mentioned prawn feed additive to have in preparation promote Penaeus monodon to grow and strengthen the application in the feed in Penaeus monodon immunologic function.
First object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution: a kind of prawn feed additive, described additive is Guava Leaf, described Guava Leaf is added in prawn basal feed, and the prawn feed containing Guava Leaf made has the effect promoting Penaeus monodon growth and strengthen Penaeus monodon immunologic function.
Containing abundant flavone compound, phenolic compound, polysaccharide, inorganic elements, volatile oil, saponin(e and the several functions such as oleanolic acid and ursolic acid composition in Guava Leaf, Quercetin contained by it is by antagonism calcium ion, virus can not be entered in cell because lacking the auxiliary of calcium ion, 2α-Hydroxyursolic Acid, by stimulating FN-γ secretion, strengthens the immunologic function of prawn body.
In fact, the present invention is known by follow-up test, when adding the Guava Leaf of different content in prawn basal feed, all can promote the growth of prawn, and have immunoloregulation function to prawn.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the addition of Guava Leaf of the present invention accounts for 0.20 ~ 1.0 ‰ of prawn basal feed gross mass.
As one of the present invention preferably scheme, the addition of Guava Leaf of the present invention accounts for 0.25 ‰ of prawn basal feed gross mass.
The present invention state the composition of prawn basal feed and mass parts optimum ratio as follows:
In fact, be only the mix proportion scheme of a kind of prawn basal feed enumerated wherein here, adopt the scheme of the prawn basal feed of other proportioning to be also fine.
As the better technical scheme of one of the present invention, the feeding volume of prawn feed of the present invention accounts for 5 ~ 8% of prawn gross mass.
Guava Leaf of the present invention must use after pulverizing 60 mesh sieves.
Second object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution: above-mentioned prawn feed additive has the growth of promotion Penaeus monodon in preparation and strengthens the application in the feed in spot joint immunologic function.
Advantage of the present invention is: Guava Leaf wide material sources, toxic and side effect is little, the resistance to the action of a drug is not remarkable, chemical composition various structures, the growth performance of prawn can being improved, carrying out controlling disease by strengthening immunity again, can effectively substitute antibiotics, organic agricultural chemicals and disease resistance medicine, effectively can reduce production cost, improve income.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that prawn feed containing Guava Leaf in embodiment 1-5 and comparative example is on the impact of Penaeus monodon serum Phenoloxidase Activities;
Fig. 2 is that prawn feed containing Guava Leaf in embodiment 1-5 and comparative example is on the impact of Penaeus monodon PAS vigor;
Fig. 3 is that prawn feed containing Guava Leaf in embodiment 1-5 and comparative example is on the impact of Penaeus monodon Activity of alkaline phosphatase;
Fig. 4 is that the prawn feed of Guava Leaf in embodiment 1-5 and comparative example is on the impact of Penaeus monodon serum superoxide dismutases (SOD) vigor.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
The prawn feed additive that the present embodiment provides, this additive is Guava Leaf, and this Guava Leaf is added in prawn basal feed, and the addition of Guava Leaf accounts for 0.25 ‰ of prawn basal feed gross mass.
The composition of prawn basal feed and proportion by weight following (lower same):
Embodiment 2
The prawn feed additive that the present embodiment provides, this additive is Guava Leaf, and this Guava Leaf is added in prawn basal feed, and the addition of Guava Leaf accounts for 0.5 ‰ of prawn basal feed gross mass.
Composition and the proportion by weight of prawn basal feed are the same.
Embodiment 3
The prawn feed additive that the present embodiment provides, this additive is Guava Leaf, and this Guava Leaf is added in prawn basal feed, and the addition of Guava Leaf accounts for 1 ‰ of prawn basal feed gross mass.
Composition and the proportion by weight of prawn basal feed are the same.
Embodiment 4
The prawn feed additive that the present embodiment provides, this additive is Guava Leaf, and this Guava Leaf is added in prawn basal feed, and the addition of Guava Leaf accounts for 2 ‰ of prawn basal feed gross mass.
Composition and the proportion by weight of prawn basal feed are the same.
Embodiment 5
The prawn feed additive that the present embodiment provides, this additive is Guava Leaf, and this Guava Leaf is added in prawn basal feed, and the addition of Guava Leaf accounts for 4 ‰ of prawn basal feed gross mass.
Composition and the proportion by weight of prawn basal feed are the same.
Comparative example
The prawn feed additive that the present embodiment provides, this additive is Guava Leaf, and this Guava Leaf is added in prawn basal feed, and the addition of Guava Leaf accounts for 0 ‰ of prawn basal feed gross mass.
Composition and the proportion by weight of prawn basal feed are the same.
Have above-mentioned prawn feed below and promote Penaeus monodon growth and strengthen immunity function of shrimp to test:
1, test material and method
1.1 prawns are selected
Testing with shrimp is the Penaeus monodon that aquatic products research institute Shenzhen, South Sea base plant raises, and body weight is 1.576g ± 0.011g.
1.2 preparations of testing feed
In test feed, the addition of Guava Leaf is respectively 0.25 ‰ (mass percentage, lower same, embodiment 1), 0.5 ‰ (embodiments 2), 1 ‰ (embodiments 3), 2 ‰ (embodiments 4), 4 ‰ (embodiments 5), 0 ‰ (comparative examples), the difference of the Guava Leaf addition in each group feed replaces with the high refined flour of equivalent.Basal feed composition is in Table 1(Chen Yi virtue etc., and different size Penaeus Vannmei is to the research of protein requirement.Guangdong agricultural science, 2011,13:118-121.）。The running water adding 40% after the mixing of feedstuff powder stirs, and makes the particle that particle diameter is 1.0mm and 2.0mm, dries to be placed in-20 DEG C of refrigerators to save backup.
Table 1 prawn basal feed nutritional labeling (%)
The cultivating condition of 1.3 test prawns
Penaeus monodon is indoor foster temporarily at aquatic products research experiment, and aquaculture water filters after precipitation, and keep continuous 24h to inflate, every day, quantity of exchanged water was about 1/3, and temperature remains on 28 ~ 30 DEG C, and salinity is 32 ‰ ~ 33 ‰.Support to prawn in stable condition temporarily, select the healthy Penaeus monodon of uniform size of body colour after conforming and test.Test prawn divides 6 groups, and often group three is parallel, respectively corresponding 6 groups of feeds, and being placed in volume is 0.5m
3round plastic bucket in, Plastic Drum nylon wire covers, and weighs after raising 8 weeks.
1.4 feeding and management
Test Penaeus monodon in every day 8:00,17:00,22:00 feed intake, inventory is 5% ~ 8% of prawn quality, and suitably adjusts feeding volume according to the situation of ingesting, and breeding process whole process does not carry out water body disinfection, any medicine of not throwing something and feeding.
1.5 prawn serum obtain
Blood is got after experiment terminates.The disposable syringe getting 1mL during blood inserts heart and extracts blood after prawn head cuirass, every barrel of blood merging of getting 10 tail shrimps is inserted in sterile centrifugation tube, and 4 DEG C of refrigerator overnight, after blood clotting, 4000r/min is centrifugal, and namely 10min obtains serum, is placed in-80 DEG C of Refrigerator stores for subsequent use.
1.6 prawn growth measurements
During on-test, choose prawn 25 tail of uniform size and claim initial weight, be placed in Plastic Drum and cultivate, prepare 18 barrels altogether, in each bucket, prawn gross mass difference is less than 5%, is divided into 6 groups, often organizes 3 barrels, 6 groups of feeds of throwing something and feeding respectively, after feeding experiment terminates, often organize prawn and take body weight respectively, calculate body weight increase rate.Computing formula is as follows:
Body weight increase rate (%)=[(test opisthosoma weighs-test just body weight)/test just body weight] × 100%.
The mensuration of the 1.7 nospecific immunity factors
L-dopa is purchased from Sigma company, and phenol oxidase (PO) vigor measures by the Ashida method improved.Mixed under room temperature by L-dopa and the 0.1mL test serum of the phosphate buffer of 3mL0.1mol/L, pH=6.0 and 0.1mL0.01mol/L, every minor tick 2min reads in the absorbance value under 490nm wavelength.With A490, the reaction time is mapped, increase by 0.001 with the every 1min of A490 under experimental condition and be defined as 1 enzyme activity unit.
The mensuration of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) superoxide dismutase (SOD) vigor adopts the assay method of kit, and kit is purchased from Nanjing and builds up Bioengineering Research Institute.ACP and AKP is defined as 100mL serum, and at 37 DEG C, to produce 1mg phenol be 1 King unit with matrix effect 15min.It is 1 unit of activity (U) that SOD enzyme activity unit is defined as SOD amount corresponding when SOD inhibiting rate in 1ml reactant liquor reaches 50%.
2, test results and analysis
The impact that 2.1 Guava Leafs grow Penaeus monodon
After the feed of throwing something and feeding containing variable concentrations Guava Leaf, the body weight increase rate of Penaeus monodon is all significantly improved.After off-test, the relative growth rate of control group is 212.95% ~ 216.20%; And after the feed of interpolation Guava Leaf of throwing something and feeding, the rate of body weight gain of Penaeus monodon is all significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05).
The body weight increase rate of Penaeus monodon in table 2 embodiment 1-5 and comparative example
2.2 Guava Leafs are on the impact of Penaeus monodon serum phenol oxidase (PO) vigor
Throw something and feed add variable concentrations Guava Leaf feed after, the blood-serum P O vigor of Penaeus monodon is all significantly improved.The PO vigor adding 0.25 ‰, 0.5 ‰, 1 ‰, 2 ‰, 4 ‰ group reaches 7.5,5.9,5.4,3.7,3.6 respectively all higher than 3.4 of control group, adds 0.25 ‰, 0.5 ‰, 1 ‰ group of significant difference (P<0.05) all and between control group.Add 2 ‰, 4 ‰ groups and control group difference remarkable (P > 0.05), and the PO vigor adding 0.25 ‰ group is the highest, along with the increase of Guava Leaf addition, PO vigor reduces, but still higher than control group (specifically as shown in Figure 1).
2.3 Guava Leafs are on the impact of Penaeus monodon PAS (ACP) vigor
Guava Leaf on the impact of Penaeus monodon PAS (ACP) vigor as shown in Figure 2, as seen from Figure 2, throw something and feed add variable concentrations Guava Leaf feed after, the ACP vigor of four processed group is all higher than control group, and 0.5 ‰, 1 ‰, 2 ‰, 4 ‰ groups and control group significant difference (P<0.05), 0.25 ‰ group and control group difference remarkable (P>0.05), ACP vigor raises along with the increase of the addition of Guava Leaf, when addition reaches 1 ‰, ACP vigor reaches the highest, continue the interpolation concentration increasing Guava Leaf again, ACP vigor reduces on the contrary.
2.4 Guava Leafs are on the impact of Penaeus monodon serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) vigor
Guava Leaf on the impact of Penaeus monodon serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) vigor as shown in Figure 3, as seen from Figure 3, throw something and feed add variable concentrations Guava Leaf feed after, the AKP vigor of four processed group is all higher than control group, and 1 ‰ groups and control group significant difference (P<0.05), 0.25 ‰, 0.5 ‰, 2 ‰, 4 ‰ groups and control group difference remarkable (P > 0.05), AKP vigor raises along with the increase of the addition of Guava Leaf, when addition reaches 1 ‰, AKP vigor reaches the highest, reduce along with the increase of the interpolation concentration of Guava Leaf afterwards.
2.5 Guava Leafs are on the impact of Penaeus monodon serum superoxide dismutases (SOD) vigor
Guava Leaf on the impact of Penaeus monodon serum superoxide dismutases (SOD) vigor as shown in Figure 4, as seen from Figure 4, in feed, these two groups of prawn serum activity of SOD of interpolation 0.25 ‰, 0.5 ‰ Guava Leafs are all higher than control group, 0.25 ‰ time, reach the highest, and reduce along with the increase of Guava Leaf addition, when 2 ‰ and 4 ‰ lower than control group, but the serum activity of SOD of test group and control group difference are all not significantly (P > 0.05).
3, conclusion
Experimental result shows: in feed add 0.25 ‰, 0.5 ‰, 1 ‰, 2 ‰, 4 ‰ Guava Leaf, all can promote the growth of Penaeus monodon, and with control group significant difference (P < 0.05).Concentration body weight increase rate recruitment 0.25 ‰ time of adding Guava Leaf is the highest, and along with adding increasing of concentration, body weight increase rate increases and reduces.
Prophenoloxidase-activating system is a kind of enzyme cascade system similar with vertebrate complement system, this system is positioned at haemocyte, pro-phenoloxidase is present in haemocyte particle with inactive state, chain reaction can be produced by there is immunocompetent substance activating in many microorganisms, produce phenol oxidase (PO), and discharge melanin and some highly active intermediate products, haemocyte is stimulated to engulf, tubercle is formed, packing and mobile etc., slows down cause of disease diffusion in vivo and infection.A lot of research shows, the resistivity of prawn to cause of disease that phenol oxidase (PO) vigor is high is strong.As shown in Figure 1, in feed, add 0.25 ‰, 0.5 ‰, the PO vigor of this three groups of prawns of 1 ‰ Guava Leafs is all significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), 0.25 ‰ group of PO vigor is the highest, and all the other two groups and control group difference remarkable (P>0.05).
Phosphatase is the enzyme of the various phosphorus-containing compound hydrolysis of a kind of energy catalysis, and being extensively present in various animal body, is removing toxic substances system important in animal body, comprises acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP).ACP is the lysosomal marker enzyme of macrophage, has result of study to show, in the immune response that crustacean haemocyte carries out phagocytosis and encapsulation, and can with the release of ACP.And AKP is a kind of important metabolic regulation enzyme in organism, not only can participate in the transfer of phosphoric acid group directly, also can participate in the synthesis of body protein.As can be seen from Figure 2 the Guava Leaf adding 0.25 ‰, 0.5 ‰, 1 ‰, 2 ‰, 4 ‰ in feed all can improve prawn serum ascites albumin gradient vigor, except 0.25 ‰ group with except control group difference not remarkable (P>0.05), all the other each group is all significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), wherein, 1 ‰ groups the highest.The 1 ‰ Guava Leaf group prawn serum AKP level vigor that add as can be seen from Figure 3 are significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05), and all the other four groups and control group difference remarkable (P > 0.05).
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a kind of important oxygen free radical scavenger in body, can oxygen radical in balanced body, thus avoids the too high bad reaction caused of Concentration of Superoxide Anion Radical in body.As can be seen from Figure 4, in feed, these two groups of prawn serum activity of SOD of interpolation 0.25 ‰, 0.5 ‰ Guava Leafs are all higher than control group, 0.25 ‰ time, reach the highest, and reduce along with the increase of Guava Leaf addition, when 2 ‰ and 4 ‰ lower than control group, but with control group difference all not significantly (P>0.05).
In sum, Guava Leaf can promote the growth of Penaeus monodon, and interpolation concentration is the highest at 0.25 ‰ body weight increase rate; And Guava Leaf has certain immunoloregulation function, the vigor of Penaeus monodon blood-serum P O, ACP, AKP, SOD effectively can be improved.No matter to the promotion of entering Penaeus monodon growth, or the humidification to immunity, all relevant to interpolation concentration, exceed finite concentration and can not continue increasing action effect; Consider, addition is proper 0.25 ‰ ~ 1 ‰.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention's preferably embodiment; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; change, the modification done under other any does not deviate from Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitute, combine, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. prawn feed additive has the growth of promotion Penaeus monodon in preparation and strengthens the application in the feed in Penaeus monodon immunologic function, described prawn feed additive is Guava Leaf, described Guava Leaf is added in prawn basal feed, the prawn feed containing Guava Leaf made has the growth of promotion Penaeus monodon and strengthens prawn immunoloregulation function, and the addition of described Guava Leaf accounts for 0.20 ~ 1.0 ‰ of prawn basal feed gross mass.
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| CN104304750A (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2015-01-28 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Green seaweed compound feed for penaeus monodon |
| CN107080113A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-08-22 | 深圳市富炜城投资有限公司 | A kind of prawn feed with growth-promoting additive and preparation method thereof |
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| JPH04166040A (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1992-06-11 | Maruzen Kasei Co Ltd | Feed additive for fish farming and feed for fish framing |
| JP3916456B2 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2007-05-16 | 日清丸紅飼料株式会社 | Eel feed |
| JP3926193B2 (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2007-06-06 | 日清丸紅飼料株式会社 | Fish feed |
| CN101946812B (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2013-06-05 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Guava leaf and new application of extract thereof |
| CN102228133A (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2011-11-02 | 曹爱智 | Folium cortex eucommiae extract and application thereof |
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