CN102326718B - Lysozyme-containing grass carp feed - Google Patents
Lysozyme-containing grass carp feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN102326718B CN102326718B CN201110328208.2A CN201110328208A CN102326718B CN 102326718 B CN102326718 B CN 102326718B CN 201110328208 A CN201110328208 A CN 201110328208A CN 102326718 B CN102326718 B CN 102326718B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lysozyme-containing grass carp feed, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 23.36 percent of soybean meal, 18.91 percent of rapeseed dregs, 14.5 to 14.9 percent of wheat bran, 15 percent of wheat meal, 11.72 percent of flour, 6.24 percent of fish meal, 5 percent of rice bran, 1.5 percent of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 percent of 50 percent choline, 1 percent of soybean oil, 0.5 percent of composite minerals, 0.5 percent of composite vitamins, 0.27 percent of salt, and 0.1 to 0.5 percent of lysozyme. The lysozyme is added in the grass carp feed, and the lysozyme has the functions of dissolving microbial cell walls, resisting bacteria and viruses, stopping bleeding, diminishing swelling, easing pain, quickening tissue repair and the like, so the feed can improve the nonspecific immune function of grass carp and inhibit the grass carp from being infected by aeromonas hydrophila.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of feed, be specifically related to a kind of feed of grass carp that contains lysozyme.
Background technology
Because the resistance against diseases of grass carp self is poor, therefore, in the breeding process of grass carp, disease seriously becomes maximum problem.Also just because of the disease of grass carp is serious, and all kinds of and quantity using at feeding process Chinese traditional medicine is all very large, causes having brought harm to people's health in edible.
Lysozyme (Lysozyme, EC3.2.1.17) is a kind of hydrolase that acts on specially microorganism wall, claims again muramidase.From nineteen twenty-two Englishman Fleming finds lysozyme first in the snotter people, to now in the egg white of birds and poultry, in mammiferous tear, saliva, blood plasma, urine, milk and all find that there is the existence of lysozyme in many plants and most microorganism.Lysozyme, because having the microorganism wall of dissolving, antibacterial, antiviral, hemostasis, detumescence, analgesia and accelerating the function such as tissue repair, is therefore widely used in medical industry, food additives field, genetic and cell engineering.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency existing for prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of feed of grass carp that contains lysozyme, adds the infection that lysozyme can suppress grass carp Aeromonas hydrophila in feed, improves the non-specific immune function of grass carp.
Goal of the invention of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution:
A kind of feed of grass carp of lysozyme, comprise Soybean Meal, rapeseed dregs, wheat bran, sizing, flour, fish meal, rice bran, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 50% choline, soybean oil, composite mineral matter, compound vitamin, salt, it is characterized in that, also comprise lysozyme, described lysozyme accounts for the 0.1-0.5% of feed gross weight.The weight percentage of each component is: Soybean Meal 23.36%, rapeseed dregs 18.91%, wheat bran 14.5-14.9%, sizing 15%, flour 11.72%, fish meal 6.24%, rice bran 5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, 50% choline 1%, soybean oil 1%, composite mineral matter 0.5%, compound vitamin 0.5%, salt 0.27%, lysozyme 0.1-0.5%.Preferably lysozyme content is: the 0.2-0.3% that accounts for feed gross weight.
The present invention has added lysozyme in feed of grass carp, lysozyme is because having the microorganism wall of dissolving, antibacterial, antiviral, hemostasis, detumescence, analgesia and accelerating the function such as tissue repair, therefore feed of the present invention can improve the non-specific immune function of grass carp, and aquatic livestock encountered pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio harveyi, staphylococcus aureus, vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio parahaemolytious are had to very significantly inhibitory effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with concrete embodiment, further illustrate the present invention and how to realize.
Embodiment 1
Soybean Meal 23.36kg, rapeseed dregs 18.91kg, wheat bran 14.5kg, sizing 15kg, flour 11.72kg, fish meal 6.24kg, rice bran 5kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg, 50% choline 1kg, soybean oil 1kg, composite mineral matter 0.5kg, compound vitamin 0.5kg, salt 0.27kg, lysozyme 0.5kg are mixed and make feed of grass carp.
Embodiment 2
Soybean Meal 23.36kg, rapeseed dregs 18.91kg, wheat bran 14.9kg, sizing 15kg, flour 11.72kg, fish meal 6.24kg, rice bran 5kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg, 50% choline 1kg, soybean oil 1kg, composite mineral matter 0.5kg, compound vitamin 0.5kg, salt 0.27kg, lysozyme 0.1kg are mixed and make feed of grass carp.
Embodiment 3
Soybean Meal 23.36kg, rapeseed dregs 18.91kg, wheat bran 14.7kg, sizing 15kg, flour 11.72kg, fish meal 6.24kg, rice bran 5kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg, 50% choline 1kg, soybean oil 1kg, composite mineral matter 0.5kg, compound vitamin 0.5kg, salt 0.27kg, lysozyme 0.3kg are mixed and make feed of grass carp.
Embodiment 4
Soybean Meal 23.36kg, rapeseed dregs 18.91kg, wheat bran 14.8kg, sizing 15kg, flour 11.72kg, fish meal 6.24kg, rice bran 5kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg, 50% choline 1kg, soybean oil 1kg, composite mineral matter 0.5kg, compound vitamin 0.5kg, salt 0.27kg, lysozyme 0.2kg are mixed and make feed of grass carp.
Feed fish test by the above-mentioned feed of grass carp making:
1 materials and methods
1.1.1 fish and experimental design for test
Tested in August, 2010-October and carry out in orchard, Nanhui District of Shanghai plant.Test is selected summer flower then with grass carp, is put in test tank with basal feed cultivation one month, makes its adequacy test condition, and the difference that causes because of nutrition and environment of Elimination test fish.Test is divided into 6 groups, every group of 5 repetitions, each repetition 70 tails, the net cage cultivation of putting into 2.5m*0.75m*1.0m.Every group of test fish initial weight (6.93 ± 0.27g) difference is not remarkable.1-6 feed lysozyme addition is 0,100,200,300,400,500mg/Kg (experimental group is called 0,100,200,300,400,500 groups).Feedstuff is all by 40 order mesh screens, mixes step by step to make with granulator the pellet that diameter is 1.5mm afterwards, after fragmentation, uses.After culture experiment finishes, select physique stalwartness, specification is tested uniformly fish and is carried out challenge test.
1.1.2 bacteriostatic test design
Microbionation mode is cultivated for diffusion, is 1.3 × 10 by 2mL concentration
6the bacterium liquid (Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio harveyi, staphylococcus aureus, vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio parahaemolytious) of cfu/mL is sneaked in 200mL culture medium and is down flat after plate is cultivated 24h and carries out bacteriostatic test.Antibacterial mode adopts dull and stereotyped distribution: blotting paper is cut into the round scraps of paper of diameter 0.5cm, is attached on nutrient agar panel after sterilizing, drip 50uL Lysozyme in Aqueous Solution.
1.2 feeding and management
Raising water source is the natural river water after 120 order silk cover filterings, and water temperature is greenhouse (26-34 DEG C), natural lighting.Inflation in 24 hours makes dissolved oxygen be controlled at 6-12mg/L, ammonia nitrogen < 0.5mg/L.Change water 1/3 left and right every day.
In process of the test, throw something and feed every day according to 3% left and right of fish body gross weight, with reference to the situation of ingesting of the previous day, takes the circumstances into consideration to increase or reduce daily ration, feeding quantity.Throw something and feed every day four times (6:00,10:00,15:00,19:00), divide 3 to take turns and throw something and feed at every turn, each Feeding time was controlled at about 30 minutes.Throw something and feed and checked the situation of ingesting in 1 hour, to be advisable without residual bait.
1.3 testing index
Production performance: after culture experiment finishes, every group of 45 tails of sampling are weighed respectively, take every group of gross weight.Calculate feed coefficient, the relative weight gain rate, fish body coefficient of condition and specific growth rate.
Endogenous enzymes index: culture experiment finishes, takes to test the enteron aisle of fish and liver pancreas and measures the vigor of its amylase and protease, adopts after whole blood is prepared serum and measures its lysozyme, SOD and alkaline phosphatase activity, gathers spleen and measures its lysozyme and SOD vigor.
Challenge test: after culture experiment finishes, choose physique stalwartness for every group, specification is tested uniformly fish and carried out the anti-infective test of Aeromonas hydrophila.Choose 50 tails for every group, wherein 45 trail machine and be divided into 3 groups, every group of 15 tails.Between test fish individuality, body weight is without significant difference.Aeromonas hydrophila is taken from Shanghai Ocean University's aquatic animal cause of disease storehouse, is inoculated in nutrient agar panel and cultivates after 48h, is diluted to 10 with normal saline flushing
9cfu/mL is for subsequent use.Every endnote is penetrated 0.5mL bacterium liquid, adopts lumbar injection.Alternative is got remaining 5 tails, and injection 0.5mL physiological saline, as blank.Test fish is supported after 48h temporarily in the box of 100*50cm, starts test, and duration of test water temperature 14-16 DEG C observes each group death condition (death of testing fish after 120h tends towards stability) record in 120h; The duration of test base set feed of all throwing something and feeding.
1.4 data processing
Carry out one-way analysis of variance with SPSS 17.0 softwares, the aobvious author of impact adopts Duncan ' s method to carry out multiple ratio to compare.Result of the test represents with average ± standard deviation.
2. result
Morphological change and growth performance after 2.1 Feeding in Grass Carp lysozyme feeds
Lysozyme goods content in feed on the coefficient of condition impact of grass carp significantly.With respect to basal feed, the coefficient of condition of test feed group all declines to some extent, and in the time that lysozyme goods content is greater than 300mg/Kg, the coefficient of condition of test group is significantly lower than control group (table 1).
Lysozyme goods content in feed also has remarkable impact to the growth of grass carp.At the front 45d of the feed of ingesting, the growth rate of test group is all significantly lower than control group, when 60d 100 and the growth rate of 200mg/Kg group with control group without significant difference, and the specific growth rate that 300-500mg/Kg organizes is significantly lower than control group (table 2, table 3).
After Feeding in Grass Carp lysozyme feed 60d, feed coefficient first reduces raise (P < 0.05) again.200 and the feed coefficient of 300mg/Kg group have significant reduction than base set, 400 and 500mg/Kg group feed coefficient increase to some extent on the contrary (table 4).
Coefficient of condition after table 1 Feeding in Grass Carp lysozyme feed
Note: heavy (the g)/body of coefficient of condition (Condition fact or, CF)=100 × live body is long
3(cm
3)
After the data of going together, contain same letter and represent not remarkable (P > 0.05) of difference, the different significant differences (P < 0.05) that represent of letter, lower same.
Specific growth rate after table 2 Feeding in Grass Carp lysozyme feed
Note: specific growth rate (SGR)=(just counterpoise of ln end counterpoise-ln)/raising number of days (d) × 100%
The relative weight gain rate after table 3 Feeding in Grass Carp lysozyme feed
The feed coefficient of the whole breeding process of table 4
Note: represent not remarkable (P > 0.05) of difference with containing same letter after column data, the different significant differences (P < 0.05) that represent of letter.
In 2.2 feeds, add the impact of lysozyme on the secretion of grass carp endogenous enzymes
In feed, add lysozyme 60d to grass carp intestinal amylase and protease, liver pancreas amylase activity without significantly, to liver pancreas prolease activity, there were significant differences, 200 and 300mg/Kg group than 0 and 100mg/Kg group increase significantly (table 5).
In feed, add lysozyme 60d not remarkable except 500mg/Kg group on the impact of spleen lysozyme and spleen SOD vigor, SOD in serum is with the large trend of the change of the increase of lysozyme addition, and Activity of alkaline phosphatase starts to have from 200mg/Kg group and increases significantly (table 6).
In feed, adding lysozyme 60d has remarkable impact (table 7) to grass carp head kidney index and spleen body index, especially when the low interpolation level of lysozyme goods (100 or 200mg/Kg), can significantly improve head-kidney and spleen body index.
Table 5 Feeding in Grass Carp lysozyme feed 60d rear intestinal and liver pancreas amylase and protease specific activity (u/g pro)
Note: proteinase activity definition: produce 11 unit of enzyme activity of μ g tyrosine [μ g/ (gmin)] at 40 DEG C of warm 1g histone 1min caseinhydrolysates; Amylase activity definition: 60 DEG C of 1g histones every hydrolysis 1mg starch in 30min is 1 unit of enzyme activity [mg/ (g30min)]
Serum and spleen lysozyme and SOD activity after table 6 Feeding in Grass Carp lysozyme feed 60d
Note: when SOD activity is defined as every milligram of histone SOD inhibiting rate reaches 50% in 1mL reactant liquor, the SOD amount of reaction is a unit of activity (U/mg), and the SOD activity in serum is converted into u/mL.
ALP activity: use automatic clinical chemistry analyzer to measure
Dirty body ratio after table 7 Feeding in Grass Carp lysozyme feed 60d
Note:
2.3 attack poison experiment
The death rate of blank group is 60%.As can be seen from Table 8, in feed, add lysozyme remarkable on the impact of grass carp anti-infection ability, base set grass carp in injection the death rate after Aeromonas hydrophila be significantly higher than 100,200,300,400,500mg/Kg group.Detect the sero-immunity enzyme of metainfective survival fish in each group, find lysozyme, SOD and ALP between control group and each test group without significant difference.With infect before compare, SOD in serum generally rises, ALP generally declines.
Anti-infection ability to Aeromonas hydrophila after the feed 60d of table 8 Feeding in Grass Carp lysozyme goods
Note: represent not remarkable (P > 0.05) of difference with containing same letter after column data, the different significant differences (P < 0.05) that represent of letter.
The bacteriostasis of 2.4 lysozyme goods to aquatic livestock encountered pathogenic bacteria
The fungistatic effect of lysozyme goods is (table 9) obviously.Inhibition zone is clear round and smooth, and these lysozyme goods have fungistatic effect to these 5 kinds of bacteriums, more obvious to the fungistatic effect of staphylococcus aureus and vibrio alginolyticus.Fungistatic effect has the trend of enhancing with the increase of lysozyme goods concentration, but except vibrio alginolyticus, all there is no significant difference.
The lysozyme goods of table 9 variable concentrations are to encountered pathogenic bacteria fungistatic effect
Note: represent not remarkable (P > 0.05) of difference, different letter representation significant differences (P < 0.05) with thering is same letter after column data in table.
Brief summary
(1) lysozyme goods are greater than the stimulation to digestion enzyme secretion to the stimulation ability of immuno-enzymatic secretion.
(2) in feed, add lysozyme 60d grass carp head kidney index and spleen body index are had to remarkable impact.
(3) these lysozyme goods have very significantly inhibitory effect to aquatic livestock encountered pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio harveyi, staphylococcus aureus, vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio parahaemolytious.
(4) in feed, add lysozyme remarkable on the impact of grass carp anti-infection ability.
(5), from growth performance aspect, in feed, the suitable interpolation scope of lysozyme is 100-300mg/Kg, and more than suggestion use 45d.
(6), from anti-infective performance aspect, in feed, the suitable interpolation scope of lysozyme is more than 200mg/Kg.
Comprehensive two aspects, in feed of grass carp, the suitable interpolation scope of lysozyme goods is 200-300mg/Kg.
Claims (2)
1. the feed of grass carp of a lysozyme, comprise Soybean Meal, rapeseed dregs, wheat bran, sizing, flour, fish meal, rice bran, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 50% choline, soybean oil, composite mineral matter, compound vitamin, salt, it is characterized in that: also comprise lysozyme, the weight percentage of described each component is: Soybean Meal 23.36%, rapeseed dregs 18.91%, wheat bran 14.5-14.9%, sizing 15%, flour 11.72%, fish meal 6.24%, rice bran 5%, phosphoric acid dioxy calcium 1.5%, 50% choline 1%, soybean oil 1%, composite mineral matter 0.5%, compound vitamin 0.5%, salt 0.27%, lysozyme 0.1-0.5%.
2. the feed of grass carp of a kind of lysozyme according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described lysozyme accounts for the 0.2-0.3% of feed gross weight.
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| CN102742747A (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2012-10-24 | 镇江市丹徒区荣炳洋湖鹅业专业合作社 | Vinegar residue compound feed for loaches |
| CN103005168A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-04-03 | 上海海洋大学 | Microbial lysozyme microcapsule as well as preparation and application of microbial lysozyme microcapsule |
| CN103283991B (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2014-12-03 | 通威股份有限公司 | Compound feed for improving bodily form of grass carps and preparation method thereof |
| CN104585546B (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2019-02-05 | 上海海洋大学 | A kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN105558435A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-05-11 | 浙江艾杰斯生物科技有限公司 | Feed additive for preventing and treating silver carp hemorrhagic disease |
| CN105707509B (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2018-12-28 | 浙江艾杰斯生物科技有限公司 | It is a kind of for preventing and treating the feed addictive of grass carp gill rot |
| CN106036249A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-10-26 | 谭仁燕 | Complete grass carp feed and method for feeding grass carp by utilization of cages |
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