CN108850531A

CN108850531A - A kind of functional feed and its preparation method and application suitable for the prawn culturing later period

Info

Publication number: CN108850531A
Application number: CN201810671511.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 段元慧; 钱雪桥; 向文洲; 陈家林
Original assignee: Guangdong Haida Group Ltd By Share Ltd Livestock And Fisheries Research Center
Current assignee: Guangdong Haida Group Ltd By Share Ltd Livestock And Fisheries Research Center
Priority date: 2018-06-26
Filing date: 2018-06-26
Publication date: 2018-11-23

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of functional feeds and its preparation method and application in prawn culturing later period, with air dry matter percentages, including following components：Fish meal 26-30%, shrimp shell meal 4-8%, cuttlefish powder 4-8%, dregs of beans 16-20%, peanut press pulp 10-14%, Strong flour 21-25%, fish oil 0.3-0.7%, phosphatide oil 2.8-3.2%, choline chloride 0.15-0.35%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.3-1.7%, salt 0.1-0.3%, prawn premix 1-1.4%, antioxidant 0.01-0.03%, Chinese medicine compound additive 0.4-0.6%, spirulina 1.9-2.4%, wherein, Chinese medicine compound additive includes the component of following mass percent meter：Chinese gall 46-54%, garden burnet 46-54%.The present invention provides a kind of prawn culturing later period functional feed, and premunition, survival rate can be improved and improve raiser's economic benefit while guaranteeing to remain the safe antibiotic-free of shrimp products.

Description

A kind of functional feed and its preparation method and application suitable for the prawn culturing later period

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of functional feed more particularly to a kind of functional feeds and its system suitable for the prawn culturing later period Preparation Method and application.

Background technique

It is that masses like a kind of edible aquatic products kind in the extensive cultured prawn in China.In recent years, Asia shrimp culture is quick-fried A kind of unknown emerging disease is sent out, the prawn of cultivation is in the breeding process to be exceedingly fast and high speed death, and the disease is at it Spread to Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, Mexico and India in several years rapidly afterwards, and since it can make illness prawn liver There is the symptom of acute necrosis in pancreas, is renamed as acute Hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome (AHPNS) by vivider.The disease it is main Infection object is Penaeus Vannmei and Penaeus monodon both breed varieties, and the outburst of the disease causes global shrimp culture industry Strong impact, the extensive concern by fishing sector and related researcher.

The deep puzzlement by disease of prawn of the raiser in China at present, can support 8-10g ability in the raiser of South China Regional Substantially it breaks even, so foring a strange phenomenon, having crossed this line raiser will continue to support, it supports prawn morbidity and lists, so Lead to shrimp currently on the market or be disease shrimp or be the shrimp that will be fallen ill, therefore, in order to guarantee shrimp health nothing in the market Medicament residue guarantees that raiser makes money more, ensures that the health status in prawn culturing later period becomes particularly important.

In the state of the art, it supports shrimp and is commonly present following disadvantage in the process：Excessively concern feeding volume and long speed, ignore strong Health；Pond water quality overfertilization；Liver protecting conditioning is done again after shrimp seedling feeding platform or to the liver phase is turned；Still large dosage of preventing and curing diseases uses Abuse of antibiotics etc..All above-mentioned factors cause to cultivate dealer is in passive state encountering illness outbreak often, a large amount of to use It is residual to be not only easy the generation medicine with prawn, while pathogen can also be allowed to generate drug resistance for antibiotic, to influence prevention and treatment effect Fruit.Therefore, there is an urgent need to seek various not only health cares but also the prawn culturing later period functional feed of the pre- disease prevention of safety energy in market.

Summary of the invention

Against the above deficiency, the present invention provide a kind of functional feed suitable for the prawn culturing later period and preparation method thereof and Using, prawn can be improved to bacterial resistance, it is strong particular for the resisting stress, disease-resistant, enteron aisle and liver in prawn culturing later period Health situation can be effectively reduced cultivation later period chronic disease incidence, improve cultivation survival rate.

The present invention reaches above-mentioned purpose by following scheme：

In a first aspect, a kind of functional feed suitable for the prawn culturing later period is provided, with air dry matter percentages, packet Include following components：Fish meal 26-30%, shrimp shell meal 4-8%, cuttlefish powder 4-8%, dregs of beans 16-20%, peanut press pulp 10-14%, high muscle Flour 21-25%, fish oil 0.3-0.7%, phosphatide oil 2.8-3.2%, choline chloride 0.15-0.35%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.3- 1.7%, salt 0.1-0.3%, prawn premix 1-1.4%, antioxidant 0.01-0.03%, Chinese medicine compound additive 0.4- 0.6%, spirulina 1.9-2.4%, wherein Chinese medicine compound additive includes the component of following mass percent meter：Chinese gall 46- 54%, garden burnet 46-54%.

Preferably, a kind of functional feed suitable for the prawn culturing later period, with air dry matter percentages, including with the following group Point：Fish meal 28%, shrimp shell meal 6%, cuttlefish powder 6%, dregs of beans 18%, peanut press pulp 12%, Strong flour 23%, fish oil 0.5%, phosphorus Fatty oil 3%, choline chloride 0.2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, salt 0.2%, prawn premix 1.2%, antioxidant 0.02%, Chinese medicine compound additive 0.5%, spirulina 2.1%, wherein Chinese medicine compound additive includes following mass percent The component of meter：Chinese gall 50%, garden burnet 50%.

In second aspect, a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned functional feed is provided, including is mixed after raw material components are crushed, is passed through Micronizer grinding and sieving is crossed, preferably by -120 mesh of 80 mesh, is made after shrimp material mechanism grain, curing, cooling.

In the third aspect, provide a kind of application of above-mentioned functional feed, the application include mitigate prawn liver load, And/or mitigates gut of shrimp load, and/or inhibit internal amount of vibrio, and/or improve prawn premunition, and/or improve prawn Survival rate.

Preferably, the prawn includes Penaeus Vannmei, Penaeus monodon.

Compared with common prawn feed, the present invention is had the advantages that：

(1) present invention substitutes Partial Fish Meal using spirulina, and spirulina contains the immunologic active materials such as polysaccharide, and albumen Content is high, and prawn can be improved to the resistance of bacterium, improve survival rate；

(2) test confirm, cultivation the later period use functional feed of the invention, can be improved prawn anti-stress ability, Disease resistance, improves the health status of prawn liver, enteron aisle, to effectively antagonize the slow death disease in cultivation later period, hence it is evident that Prawn survival rate is improved, the income of raiser is improved；

(3) traditional Chinese medicine ingredients in the functional feed have the function of obviously inhibiting amount of vibrio in prawn body, and this two Kind Chinese medicine is cheap and easy to get, largely reduces feed cost, and raiser is made to be easier to receive.

In conclusion the present invention provides a kind of prawn culturing later period functional feed, it can effectively mitigate prawn liver, intestines Road load inhibits internal amount of vibrio, reduces damage of the extraneous factor to body, prawn is promoted to maintain normal physiological function, with It improves premunition, survival rate and improves raiser's economic benefit and guarantee to remain the safe antibiotic-free of shrimp products simultaneously.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1-5 is the liver organization structure chart of five experimental groups of test example 1.

Fig. 6-11 is five experimental groups of test example 1 and the gut pigment distribution map of market morbidity group.

Wherein, Fig. 1 is control group, and Fig. 2 is spirulina group, and Fig. 3 is Chinese gall group, and Fig. 4 is garden burnet group, and Fig. 5 is embodiment 2 Group；

Wherein, Fig. 6 is market morbidity group, and Fig. 7 is control group, and Fig. 8 is spirulina group, and Fig. 9 is Chinese gall group, and Figure 10 is ground Elm group, Figure 11 are 2 groups of embodiment.

Specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, invention is further explained.

Embodiment 1

A kind of functional feed suitable for the prawn culturing later period is grouped as with air dry matter percentages by following group：Fish Powder 26%, shrimp shell meal 7%, cuttlefish powder 5%, dregs of beans 20%, peanut press pulp 13%, Strong flour 22%, fish oil 0.5%, phosphatide oil 3%, choline chloride 0.2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, salt 0.2%, prawn premix 1.2%, antioxidant 0.02%, in Medicine compound additive 0.5%, spirulina 2.1%, wherein Chinese medicine compound additive is grouped by the group of following mass percent meter At：Chinese gall 50%, garden burnet 50%.

Embodiment 2

A kind of functional feed suitable for the prawn culturing later period is grouped as with air dry matter percentages by following group：Fish Powder 30%, shrimp shell meal 6%, cuttlefish powder 6%, dregs of beans 18%, peanut press pulp 12%, Strong flour 21%, fish oil 0.5%, phosphatide oil 3%, choline chloride 0.2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, salt 0.2%, prawn premix 1.2%, antioxidant 0.01%, in Medicine compound additive 0.4%, spirulina 2.2%, wherein Chinese medicine compound additive is grouped by the group of following mass percent meter At：Chinese gall 52%, garden burnet 48%.

The experiment of 1 compliance test result of test example

In order to verify the effect of functional feed of the invention, in Zhanjiang City Suixi, cultivation base circulation carries out real It tests, prawn selects Penaeus Vannmei, chooses health, shrimp seedling of uniform size and is divided into 5 groups after temporarily supporting 14 days, is control respectively Group, spirulina group, Chinese gall group, garden burnet group, 2 groups of embodiment.Every group of 50 tails, every group of 4 repetitions.Test carries out 56 days.Test After stop feeding 1 day, weighing counts, and draws blood and measures antalzyme activity, Phenoloxidase Activities, and randomly choose 20 in each group Tail shrimp carries out challenge test 7 days with AHJ-1 plants of Aeromonas hydrophila.The malicious concentration of attacking of Aeromonas hydrophila is 7.5 × 10⁶cfu/ ml。

The formula composition of experiment feed see the table below

The formula of 1 five groups of experimental groups of table

Raw material	Control group	Spirulina group	Chinese gall group	Garden burnet group	2 groups of embodiment
						Imported fish meal	30	30	30	30	30
Shrimp shell meal	6	6	6	6	6
						Cuttlefish powder	6	6	6	6	6
Dregs of beans	18	18	18	18	18
						Peanut press pulp	12	12	12	12	12
Strong flour	21	21	21	21	21
						Fish oil	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Phosphatide oil	3	3	3	3	3
						Choline chloride	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
						Salt	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Prawn multidimensional 302	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
						The more mines 302 of prawn	1	1	1	1	1
Antioxidant	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
						Mould inhibitor	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sodium alginate	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
						Spirulina	0	2.2	0	0	2.2
Chinese gall	0	0	0.208	0	0.208
						Garden burnet	0	0	0	0.192	0.192

It takes 20 tail shrimps to cover in wet towel after experiment, counts survival prawn mantissa every 30min.3 tail shrimps separately are taken, are used Dissecting needle punctures thoracic cavity and takes blood, and by drop of blood on glass slide, the observation clotting time is simultaneously recorded.In addition, when test proceeds to 57 days, Each processing group takes 60 tail shrimps to carry out attacking poison, carries out the thermophilic aqueous vapor list of intramuscular injection 0.02ml/ tail in two internode of 2-3 abdomen of shrimp AHJ-1 plants of born of the same parents bacterium bacterium after attacking poison, shrimp is put in case respectively, observes and records the death outcome within 7 days.

Experimental result：

1, prawn growing state, survival rate, rate of body weight gain, the feed coefficient of five experimental groups are measured and is calculated, tied Fruit is as shown in table 2.

Table 2：Prawn growing state, survival rate, rate of body weight gain, the feed coefficient result table of five experimental groups

Processing group	Initial weight	End weight	Survival rate	Rate of body weight gain	Feed coefficient
						Control group	0.18±0.01	7.43±0.39	86.1±0.73	900.52±7.59	1.43±0.21
Spirulina group	0.18±0.01	7.51±0.34	89.8±0.67	936.21±6.67	1.35±0.34
						Chinese gall group	0.18±0.02	7.58±0.23	90.8±0.42	916.19±14.43	1.40±0.25
Garden burnet group	0.18±0.02	7.51±0.41	89.8±0.57	906.62±27.17	1.31±0.30
						Embodiment 2	0.18±0.01	7.78±0.16	93.53±0.56	949.53±13.26	1.26±0.11

From table 2 it can be seen that spirulina group rate of body weight gain is significantly higher than control group, feed coefficient and control group are without significance difference Different, the rate of body weight gain of Chinese gall group and garden burnet group is slightly improved compared with control group, but difference is not significant, and the influence to feed coefficient is not shown It writes, after functional feed of the present invention of ingesting, Penaeus Vannmei rate of body weight gain is significantly improved compared with control group, and is increased weight in all processing groups Rate highest, feed coefficient reduces, but difference is not significant.

2, anti-stress ability

The clotting time for recording five experimental groups is as shown in table 3.

Table 3：The clotting time result table of five experimental groups

Processing group	Clotting time (s)	From water 30min survival rate
			Control group	24.81	0.00
Spirulina group	19.54	22.4
			Chinese gall group	18.67	19.3
Garden burnet group	15.41	23.1
			Embodiment 2	13.82	30.67

From table 3 it can be seen that the spirulina group clotting time is decreased obviously compared with control group, followed by Chinese gall group, garden burnet group, The clotting time that 2 groups of embodiment is minimum, and the clotting time is lower, illustrates that prawn immune factor ability is stronger.It is right after water 30min Survival rate according to group is 0, minimum in 5 experimental groups, and the survival rate of Chinese gall group is 19.3, is secondly spirulina group, garden burnet Group, highest survival rate is 2 groups of embodiment.From the point of view of the two comprehensive experimental index, spirulina, Chinese gall, the addition of garden burnet are equal It can be enhanced the immunocompetence and resistance of prawn, but the effect for being not achieved while using.

3, to the influence of nonspecific immune factors

Superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, the phenol oxidase in the prawn of five experimental groups are recorded, as shown in table 4.

Table 4：Superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, the phenol oxidase result table of five experimental groups

From table 4, it can be seen that Chinese gall group of ingesting, spirulina group, the superoxide dismutase of garden burnet group, phenol oxidase are living Property successively increase, be above control group, after three kinds of substances add simultaneously, SOD activity highest is significantly higher than control group and individually Add spirulina group, Chinese gall group.Ingest Chinese gall group, garden burnet group, spirulina group lysozyme activity successively increase, be above Control group, after three kinds of substances add simultaneously, lysozyme activity highest is significantly higher than control group and individually addition Chinese gall group. Antioxidant ability of organism and bacteriolyze enzyme activity it can be found that the use of spirulina, Chinese gall, garden burnet is improved based on the above results The effect of property, but three kinds of effects when being combined with proper ratio are most strong.

4, each group death condition after poison is attacked

The death condition of the prawn of five experimental groups is recorded, the results are shown in Table 5.

Table 5：The death outcome table of five experimental groups

Number of days	Control group	Spirulina group	Chinese gall group	Garden burnet group	Embodiment 2
						2	17	13	13	14	14
4	12	10	11	10	10
						6	8	5	6	5	2
8	4	2	3	2	0
						It amounts to	41	30	33	31	26
The death rate (%)	68	50	55	52	43

As can be seen from Table 5, spirulina group, Chinese gall group, garden burnet group can reduce the death rate after attacking poison, with three kinds Death rate when combination is minimum.Illustrate that the premunition of Penaeus Vannmei can be enhanced in functional feed of the invention, survival rate improves 25%.

5, to the influence of liver, intestinal health situation

It is as follows to the dissection micrograph of the liver of five experimental groups, it will be seen from figure 1 that feeding control group feed pair Shrimp liver condition is poor, and the arrangement of liver tubule is not close, and gap is bigger, and gap is bigger between the small tube wall of liver and cell, Liver tubule lumen is big, and some near circulars, the contact surface between functions cell and food is smaller, and B cell quantity is few.Figure 2 is feed spirulina group prawn, and liver obviously has improvement than control group, and gap is small between being mainly shown as liver tubule, liver tubule Arrangement is close, and the gap between the small tube wall of liver and cell is small, and B cell is big and circle, quantity significantly increase, and shows hepatocyte function Enhancing, body digestion, metabolic function enhancing.Fig. 3 is to feed Chinese gall group prawn liver, has improvement than control group, but does not have Improve obviously than spirulina group, the arrangement of liver tubule is closer, and B cell increases, and liver tubule lacuna is in polygonal.Fig. 4 is to feed ground Elm group prawn liver, slightly improves than control group, but poor compared with Chinese gall group, spirulina group, largely thin for R in liver tubule Born of the same parents seldom see B cell, and liver lumen is smaller than control group, are in polygonal.Fig. 5 is to feed functional feed group of the present invention, Ke Yifei Often it can be clearly seen that its liver is obviously better than control group, spirulina group, Chinese gall group, garden burnet group, the arrangement of liver tubule is close, lumen Polygonal is big with food-contact area, it can be seen that B cell quantity is very more, and shape is fairly regular.It sends out based on the above results Existing, for garden burnet group substantially without influence in terms of improving liver structure, spirulina group, Chinese gall group have a preferably effect, but three When kind substance is combined with proper ratio, liver structure almost Perfect illustrates that liver function is most perfect at this time.

As illustrated in figs. 6-11, Fig. 6 is the morbidity shrimp gut pigment situation sampled in the market, color to the dissection micrograph of enteron aisle Element diffusion is serious, and reddens, the external world stress continue and it is strong when, series reaction occurs in chromatophore, until disintegration, greatly Pigment release is measured, is diffused to entire tissue, reddening is crustaceorubin, is that the copper that hemocyanin is precipitated after haemolysis is organic with blood plasma Object forms red organic compound, will lead to pigment diffusion after prawn infection vibrios and reddens.

From Fig. 7 it can also be seen that the gut pigment group appearance of control group spreads, is rubescent, but than sick shrimp in the market It is good, although illustrating not fall ill, it is possible to fall ill once vibrios concentration is got higher.Fig. 8 is spirulina group, and enteron aisle obviously changes Kind, pigment group concentrates very much, and only tip is spread.Fig. 9 is Chinese gall group, and the diffusion of pigment group is obvious compared with spirulina group, is not had There is spirulina group concentration, but it is obviously better than control group, and Figure 10 is garden burnet group, and pigment group is similar to spirulina group, than five Times subgroup is quite a lot of, and Figure 11 is 2 groups of embodiment, it can be seen that pigment group concentrates very much, and color is very black, is enteron aisle in all processing groups Optimal one group, when illustrating that three kinds of substances are combined with proper ratio, without diffusion without reddening, function of intestinal canal is most complete for gut pigment group Kind, prawn is most healthy.

The above, preferable specific embodiment only of the invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its Design is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. a kind of functional feed suitable for the prawn culturing later period, which is characterized in that with air dry matter percentages, including it is following Component：Fish meal 26-30%, shrimp shell meal 4-8%, cuttlefish powder 4-8%, dregs of beans 16-20%, peanut press pulp 10-14%, Strong flour 21-25%, fish oil 0.3-0.7%, phosphatide oil 2.8-3.2%, choline chloride 0.15-0.35%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.3- 1.7%, salt 0.1-0.3%, prawn premix 1-1.4%, antioxidant 0.01-0.03%, Chinese medicine compound additive 0.4- 0.6%, spirulina 1.9-2.4%, wherein Chinese medicine compound additive includes the component of following mass percent meter：Chinese gall 46- 54%, garden burnet 46-54%.

2. a kind of functional feed suitable for the prawn culturing later period according to claim 1, which is characterized in that with air dry matter Matter percentages, including following components：Fish meal 28%, shrimp shell meal 6%, cuttlefish powder 6%, dregs of beans 18%, peanut press pulp 12%, high muscle Flour 23%, fish oil 0.5%, phosphatide oil 3%, choline chloride 0.2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, salt 0.2%, prawn premix Expect 1.2%, antioxidant 0.02%, Chinese medicine compound additive 0.5%, spirulina 2.1%, wherein Chinese medicine compound additive packet Include the component of following mass percent meter：Chinese gall 50%, garden burnet 50%.

3. a kind of preparation method of the functional feed of claims 1 or 2, which is characterized in that including being mixed after crushing raw material components It closes, by micronizer grinding and sieving, preferably by -120 mesh of 80 mesh, is made after shrimp material mechanism grain, curing, cooling At.

4. a kind of application of functional feed of any of claims 1 or 2, the application include mitigate prawn liver load, and/or Mitigate gut of shrimp load, and/or inhibits internal amount of vibrio, and/or improve prawn premunition, and/or improve prawn to survive Rate.

5. application according to claim 4, the prawn includes Penaeus Vannmei, Penaeus monodon.