CN102326718A - Lysozyme-containing grass carp feed - Google Patents
Lysozyme-containing grass carp feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN102326718A CN102326718A CN201110328208A CN201110328208A CN102326718A CN 102326718 A CN102326718 A CN 102326718A CN 201110328208 A CN201110328208 A CN 201110328208A CN 201110328208 A CN201110328208 A CN 201110328208A CN 102326718 A CN102326718 A CN 102326718A
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a lysozyme-containing grass carp feed, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 23.36 percent of soybean meal, 18.91 percent of rapeseed dregs, 14.5 to 14.9 percent of wheat bran, 15 percent of wheat meal, 11.72 percent of flour, 6.24 percent of fish meal, 5 percent of rice bran, 1.5 percent of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 percent of 50 percent choline, 1 percent of soybean oil, 0.5 percent of composite minerals, 0.5 percent of composite vitamins, 0.27 percent of salt, and 0.1 to 0.5 percent of lysozyme. The lysozyme is added in the grass carp feed, and the lysozyme has the functions of dissolving microbial cell walls, resisting bacteria and viruses, stopping bleeding, diminishing swelling, easing pain, quickening tissue repair and the like, so the feed can improve the nonspecific immune function of grass carp and inhibit the grass carp from being infected by aeromonas hydrophila.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of feed, be specifically related to a kind of feed of grass carp that contains lysozyme.
Background technology
Because the resistance against diseases of grass carp self is poor, therefore, in the breeding process of grass carp, disease seriously becomes maximum problem.Also just because of the disease of grass carp is serious, and all kinds of and quantity of using at the feeding process Chinese traditional medicine is all very big, causes in edible, giving people's health to bring harm.
(Lysozyme is a kind of hydrolase that acts on microorganism wall specially EC3.2.1.17) to lysozyme, claims muramidase again.Find that lysozyme begins in the snotter the people first from nineteen twenty-two Englishman Fleming; To now in the egg white of birds and poultry, in mammiferous tear, saliva, blood plasma, urine, the milk and in many plants and the most microorganism all discovery the existence of lysozyme is arranged.Therefore lysozyme is widely used in medical industry, food additives field, the genetic and cell engineering because of having dissolving microorganism wall, antibiotic, antiviral, hemostasis, detumescence, analgesia and accelerating function such as organization restoration.
Summary of the invention
Deficiency to prior art exists the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of feed of grass carp that contains lysozyme, adds the infection that lysozyme can suppress the grass carp Aeromonas hydrophila in the feed, improves the non-specific immune function of grass carp.
Goal of the invention of the present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
A kind of feed of grass carp of lysozyme; Comprise big dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, wheat bran, sizing, flour, fish meal, rice bran, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 50% choline, soybean oil, composite mineral matter, compound vitamin, salt; It is characterized in that; Also comprise lysozyme, said lysozyme accounts for the 0.1-0.5% of feed gross weight.The weight percentage of each component is: big dregs of beans 23.36%, rapeseed dregs 18.91%, wheat bran 14.5-14.9%, sizing 15%, flour 11.72%, fish meal 6.24%, rice bran 5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, 50% choline 1%, soybean oil 1%, composite mineral matter 0.5%, compound vitamin 0.5%, salt 0.27%, lysozyme 0.1-0.5%.Preferred lysozyme content is: the 0.2-0.3% that accounts for the feed gross weight.
The present invention has added lysozyme in feed of grass carp; Lysozyme is because of having dissolving microorganism wall, antibiotic, antiviral, hemostasis, detumescence, analgesia and accelerating function such as organization restoration; Therefore feed of the present invention can improve the non-specific immune function of grass carp, and aquatic livestock encountered pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio harveyi, staphylococcus aureus, vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio parahaemolytious are had very significantly inhibitory effect.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete embodiment, further specify the present invention and how to realize.
Embodiment 1
With big dregs of beans 23.36kg, rapeseed dregs 18.91kg, wheat bran 14.5kg, sizing 15kg, flour 11.72kg, fish meal 6.24kg, rice bran 5kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg, 50% choline 1kg, soybean oil 1kg, composite mineral matter 0.5kg, compound vitamin 0.5kg, salt 0.27kg, the mixed feed of grass carp that gets of lysozyme 0.5kg.
Embodiment 2
With big dregs of beans 23.36kg, rapeseed dregs 18.91kg, wheat bran 14.9kg, sizing 15kg, flour 11.72kg, fish meal 6.24kg, rice bran 5kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg, 50% choline 1kg, soybean oil 1kg, composite mineral matter 0.5kg, compound vitamin 0.5kg, salt 0.27kg, the mixed feed of grass carp that gets of lysozyme 0.1kg.
Embodiment 3
With big dregs of beans 23.36kg, rapeseed dregs 18.91kg, wheat bran 14.7kg, sizing 15kg, flour 11.72kg, fish meal 6.24kg, rice bran 5kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg, 50% choline 1kg, soybean oil 1kg, composite mineral matter 0.5kg, compound vitamin 0.5kg, salt 0.27kg, the mixed feed of grass carp that gets of lysozyme 0.3kg.
Embodiment 4
With big dregs of beans 23.36kg, rapeseed dregs 18.91kg, wheat bran 14.8kg, sizing 15kg, flour 11.72kg, fish meal 6.24kg, rice bran 5kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg, 50% choline 1kg, soybean oil 1kg, composite mineral matter 0.5kg, compound vitamin 0.5kg, salt 0.27kg, the mixed feed of grass carp that gets of lysozyme 0.2kg.
Feed fish test with the above-mentioned feed of grass carp that makes:
1 materials and methods
1.1.1 test is with fish and experimental design
Test that Nanhui District orchard plant carries out in Shanghai City in August, 2010-October.Test is selected summer flower then for use with grass carp, is put in the test tank with basal feed to culture one month, makes its adequacy test condition, and eliminates the difference that the test fish is caused because of nutrition and environment.Test is divided into 6 groups, every group of 5 repetitions, and each repeats 70 tails, puts into the net cage of 2.5m*0.75m*1.0m and cultures.(6.93 ± 0.27g) differences are not remarkable for every group of test fish initial weight.1-6 feed lysozyme addition is 0,100,200,300,400,500mg/Kg (the experiment component another name is 0,100,200,300,400,500 groups).Feedstuff uses granulator to process the pellet of diameter as 1.5mm all through 40 order mesh screens step by step behind the mixing, after broken, use.After culture experiment finishes, select physique healthy and strong, specification is tested fish uniformly and is carried out challenge test.
1.1.2 bacteriostatic test design
The microbionation mode is cultivated for diffusion, and being about to 2mL concentration is 1.3 * 10
6The bacterium liquid of cfu/mL (Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio harveyi, staphylococcus aureus, vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio parahaemolytious) is sneaked into to fall in the 200mL culture medium and is carried out bacteriostatic test after flat board is cultivated 24h.Antibacterial mode adopts dull and stereotyped distribution: blotting paper is cut into the round scraps of paper of diameter 0.5cm, is attached on the nutrient agar panel Dropwise 5 0uL lysozyme aqueous solution after the sterilization.
1.2 feeding and management
Raising the water source is the natural river water after filtering through 120 mesh sieve thin,tough silk, and water temperature is greenhouse (26-34 a ℃), natural lighting.Inflation in 24 hours makes dissolved oxygen be controlled at 6-12mg/L, ammonia nitrogen＜0.5mg/L.Change water about 1/3 every day.
Throw something and feed according to about 3% of fish body gross weight every day in the process of the test, with reference to the situation of ingesting of the previous day, takes the circumstances into consideration to increase or reduce daily ration, feeding quantity.Throwing something and feeding every day, four times (15:00 19:00), divides 3 to take turns and throw something and feed at every turn for 6:00,10:00, and the time of throwing something and feeding was controlled at about 30 minutes at every turn.Thrown something and fed and checked the situation of ingesting in 1 hour, be not advisable there to be residual bait.
1.3 testing index
Production performance: after culture experiment finished, every group of 45 tails of sampling were weighed respectively, take by weighing every group of gross weight.Calculate feed coefficient, the relative weight gain rate, fish body coefficient of condition and specific growth rate.
The endogenous enzymes index: culture experiment finishes, and takes to test enteron aisle of fish and the vigor that the liver pancreas is measured its amylase and protease, adopts and measures its lysozyme, SOD and alkaline phosphatase activity after whole blood prepares serum, gathers spleen and measures its lysozyme and SOD vigor.
Challenge test: culture experiment is chosen the physique stalwartness for every group after finishing, and specification is tested the anti-infective test that fish carries out Aeromonas hydrophila uniformly.Choose 50 tails for every group, wherein 45 trail machine and be divided into 3 groups, every group 15 tail.Body weight does not have significant difference between test fish individuality.Aeromonas hydrophila is taken from Shanghai Ocean University aquatic animal cause of disease storehouse, is inoculated in after nutrient agar panel cultivates 48h, is diluted to 10 with normal saline flushing
9Cfu/mL is subsequent use.Every endnote is penetrated 0.5mL bacterium liquid, adopts lumbar injection.Alternative is got remaining 5 tails, and injection 0.5mL physiological saline is as blank.The test fish begins test after in the box of 100*50cm, supporting 48h temporarily, and 14-16 ℃ of duration of test water temperature observed and respectively organized death condition (death of test fish tends towards stability behind the 120h) and record in the 120h; The duration of test base set feed of all throwing something and feeding.
1.4 data
Carry out one-way analysis of variance with SPSS 17.0 softwares, influence shows the author and adopts Duncan ' s method to carry out multiple ratio to compare.Result of the test is represented with average ± standard deviation.
2. result
Morphological change 2.1 grass carp ingests behind the lysozyme feed and growth performance
Lysozyme goods content in the feed is remarkable to the coefficient of condition influence of grass carp.With respect to basal feed, the coefficient of condition of test feed group all descends to some extent, when lysozyme goods content during greater than 300mg/Kg the coefficient of condition of test group significantly be lower than control group (table 1).
Lysozyme goods content in the feed also has appreciable impact to the growth of grass carp.At the preceding 45d of the feed of ingesting, the growth rate of test group all significantly is lower than control group, and 100 do not have significant difference with growth rate and the control group of 200mg/Kg group during 60d, and the specific growth rate that 300-500mg/Kg organizes significantly is lower than control group (table 2, table 3).
Grass carp ingests behind the lysozyme feed 60d, and feed coefficient reduces raise (P＜0.05) earlier again.200 have significant reduction with the feed coefficient of 300mg/Kg group than base set, and 400 increase (table 4) on the contrary to some extent with 500mg/Kg group feed coefficient.
The table 1 grass carp coefficient of condition behind the lysozyme feed of ingesting
Annotate: coefficient of condition (Condition fact or, CF)=heavy (the g)/body of 100 * live body is long
3(cm
3)
Represent difference not remarkable (P＞0.05) with containing same letter behind the line data, alphabetical different table differential different significantly (P＜0.05), down together.
The table 2 grass carp specific growth rate behind the lysozyme feed of ingesting
Annotate: specific growth rate (SGR)=(ln end counterpoise-ln is counterpoise just)/raising fate (d) * 100%
The table 3 grass carp the relative weight gain rate behind the lysozyme feed of ingesting
The feed coefficient of the whole breeding process of table 4
Annotate: contain same letter after the same column data and represent difference not remarkable (P＞0.05), alphabetical different table differential different significantly (P＜0.05).
2.2 add the influence of lysozyme in the feed to the secretion of grass carp endogenous enzymes
Adding lysozyme 60d in the feed does not have significantly grass carp intestinal amylase and protease, liver pancreas amylase activity, and there were significant differences to liver pancreas prolease activity, 200 with the 300mg/Kg group than 0 and 100mg/Kg organize increase significantly (table 5).
It is not remarkable except that the 500mg/Kg group to the influence of spleen lysozyme and spleen SOD vigor to add lysozyme 60d in the feed; SOD in serum is with the big trend of the change of the increase of lysozyme addition, and the serum alkaline phosphatase vigor is organized to begin to have from 200mg/Kg and increased (table 6) significantly.
Adding lysozyme 60d in the feed has appreciable impact (table 7) to grass carp head-kidney exponential sum spleen body index, especially when the low interpolation level of lysozyme goods (100 or 200mg/Kg), can significantly improve head-kidney and spleen body index.
Table 5 grass carp ingests lysozyme feed 60d rear intestinal and liver pancreas amylase and protease than live (u/g pro)
Annotate: proteinase activity definition: produce 1 unit of enzyme activity of 1 μ g tyrosine [μ g/ (gmin)] at 40 ℃ of warm 1g histone 1min caseinhydrolysates; The amylase activity definition: 60 ℃ of 1g histones every hydrolysis 1mg starch in 30min is 1 unit of enzyme activity [mg/ (g30min)]
Ingest behind lysozyme feed 60d serum and spleen lysozyme and SOD of table 6 grass carp is active
Annotate: it is a unit of activity (U/mg) that the SOD activity is defined as the SOD amount that every milligram of histone SOD inhibiting rate in the 1mL reactant liquor reaches reaction in 50% o'clock, and the SOD activity in the serum is converted into u/mL.
ALP is active: use automatic clinical chemistry analyzer to measure
The table 7 grass carp dirty body ratio behind the lysozyme feed 60d of ingesting
Note:
2.3 attack the poison experiment
The death rate of blank group is 60%.Can find out that from table 8 it is remarkable to the influence of grass carp anti-infection ability to add lysozyme in the feed, the death rate of base set grass carp behind the injection Aeromonas hydrophila is significantly higher than 100,200,300,400, the 500mg/Kg group.Detect the sero-immunity enzyme of metainfective survival fish in each group, find that lysozyme, SOD and ALP do not have significant difference between control group and each test group.With infect before compare, SOD in serum generally rises, ALP generally descends.
Table 8 grass carp ingests behind the feed 60d of lysozyme goods to the anti-infection ability of Aeromonas hydrophila
Annotate: contain same letter after the same column data and represent difference not remarkable (P＞0.05), alphabetical different table differential different significantly (P＜0.05).
2.4 the lysozyme goods are to the bacteriostasis of aquatic livestock encountered pathogenic bacteria
The fungistatic effect of lysozyme goods is (table 9) obviously.The clear slyness of inhibition zone, these lysozyme goods all have fungistatic effect to these 5 kinds of bacteriums, and are more obvious to the fungistatic effect of staphylococcus aureus and vibrio alginolyticus.Fungistatic effect has the trend of enhancing with the increase of lysozyme goods concentration, but except that vibrio alginolyticus, does not all have significant difference.
The lysozyme goods of table 9 variable concentrations are to the encountered pathogenic bacteria fungistatic effect
Annotate: have same letter in the table after the same column data and represent difference not remarkable (P＞0.05), different letter representation significant differences (P＜0.05).
Brief summary
(1) the lysozyme goods to the stimulation ability of immuno-enzymatic secretion greater than stimulation to the digestion enzyme secretion.
(2) add lysozyme 60d in the feed grass carp head-kidney exponential sum spleen body index is had appreciable impact.
(3) these lysozyme goods have very significantly inhibitory effect to aquatic livestock encountered pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio harveyi, staphylococcus aureus, vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio parahaemolytious.
(4) the interpolation lysozyme is remarkable to the influence of grass carp anti-infection ability in the feed.
See from the growth performance aspect that (5) the suitable interpolation scope of lysozyme is 100-300mg/Kg in the feed, and suggestion is used more than the 45d.
See from anti-infective performance aspect that (6) the suitable interpolation scope of lysozyme is more than the 200mg/Kg in the feed.
Comprehensive two aspects, the suitable interpolation scope of lysozyme goods is 200-300mg/Kg in the feed of grass carp.
Claims (3)
1. the feed of grass carp of a lysozyme; Comprise big dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, wheat bran, sizing, flour, fish meal, rice bran, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 50% choline, soybean oil, composite mineral matter, compound vitamin, salt; It is characterized in that: also comprise lysozyme, said lysozyme accounts for the 0.1-0.5% of feed gross weight.
2. the feed of grass carp of a kind of lysozyme according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the weight percentage of said each component is: big dregs of beans 23.36%, rapeseed dregs 18.91%, wheat bran 14.5-14.9%, sizing 15%, flour 11.72%, fish meal 6.24%, rice bran 5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, 50% choline 1%, soybean oil 1%, composite mineral matter 0.5%, compound vitamin 0.5%, salt 0.27%, lysozyme 0.1-0.5%.
3. the feed of grass carp of a kind of lysozyme according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: said lysozyme accounts for the 0.2-0.3% of feed gross weight.
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| CN102742747A (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2012-10-24 | 镇江市丹徒区荣炳洋湖鹅业专业合作社 | Vinegar residue compound feed for loaches |
| CN103005168A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-04-03 | 上海海洋大学 | Microbial lysozyme microcapsule as well as preparation and application of microbial lysozyme microcapsule |
| CN103283991A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-09-11 | 通威股份有限公司 | Compound feed for improving bodily form of grass carps and preparation method thereof |
| CN104585546A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2015-05-06 | 上海海洋大学 | Growth-promotion and anti-stress tilapia feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN105558435A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-05-11 | 浙江艾杰斯生物科技有限公司 | Feed additive for preventing and treating silver carp hemorrhagic disease |
| CN105707509A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-06-29 | 浙江艾杰斯生物科技有限公司 | Feed additive for preventing and curing grass carp gill-rotten diseases |
| CN106036249A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-10-26 | 谭仁燕 | Complete grass carp feed and method for feeding grass carp by utilization of cages |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102742747A (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2012-10-24 | 镇江市丹徒区荣炳洋湖鹅业专业合作社 | Vinegar residue compound feed for loaches |
| CN103005168A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-04-03 | 上海海洋大学 | Microbial lysozyme microcapsule as well as preparation and application of microbial lysozyme microcapsule |
| CN103283991A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-09-11 | 通威股份有限公司 | Compound feed for improving bodily form of grass carps and preparation method thereof |
| CN103283991B (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2014-12-03 | 通威股份有限公司 | Compound feed for improving bodily form of grass carps and preparation method thereof |
| CN104585546A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2015-05-06 | 上海海洋大学 | Growth-promotion and anti-stress tilapia feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN105558435A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-05-11 | 浙江艾杰斯生物科技有限公司 | Feed additive for preventing and treating silver carp hemorrhagic disease |
| CN105707509A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-06-29 | 浙江艾杰斯生物科技有限公司 | Feed additive for preventing and curing grass carp gill-rotten diseases |
| CN105707509B (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2018-12-28 | 浙江艾杰斯生物科技有限公司 | It is a kind of for preventing and treating the feed addictive of grass carp gill rot |
| CN106036249A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-10-26 | 谭仁燕 | Complete grass carp feed and method for feeding grass carp by utilization of cages |
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