CN104585546B - A kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feeds, are made of according to mass parts following components: fish meal；Soybean Meal；Peanut meal；Rapeseed dregs；Wheat-middlings；Corn protein powder；Soybean oil；Fish oil；Calcium monohydrogen phosphate；Fish multidimensional；The more mines of fish；Choline chloride；0~90mg/kg of bacteriolyze enzyme preparation.In the case where meeting Tilapia mossambica basic nutrition demand and growth, when bacteriolyze enzyme preparation pitch-based sphere is in 54mg/kg, the growth performance of Tilapia mossambica, efficiency of feed utilization, Immune Indexes and anti-stress ability are preferable, and show the good general level of the health.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fish feed technical fields, and in particular to a kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed, the present invention
Further relate to a kind of preparation method of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed.
Background technique
Aquaculture is an important component in China's Fisheries Development, however intensive culture mould in recent years
Formula causes disease frequently to occur, thus caused by a series of chain problems (survival rate including cultivated animals is low, anti-stress ability
Difference, growth performance is low and Safety of Aquatic Products does not ensure) it is also increasingly prominent, therefore the outburst of disease is still limitation China
One of the important factor of culture fishery development.Wherein, bacillary and fungal disease is most common in sea water and fresh water cultured fishes
One of illness, have the characteristics that pathogenic distribution is extensive and spread speed is fast, occur especially in high temperature intensive culture environment
In.
Traditional counter-measure is using antibiotics and to assist some methods for improveing water quality.From sulfanilamide (SN) in 1945
Since class drug successful treatment trout furunculosis, antibiotic is almost used for all aquiculture animals, especially cultured fishes.
Although antibiotics can largely alleviate the puzzlement of disease in economic fish breeding process, in recent years by
A large amount of use of antibiotic and a series of problems caused also becomes increasingly conspicuous.For cultured fishes, a large amount of uses of antibiotic
Body can be made to generate antibody-resistant bacterium, cause the disorder of intestinal microecology, and develop drug resistance, while the disease of cultured fishes can be made
Worse and worse, bacterial drug resistance is more and more stronger for resistance, forms vicious circle；In addition to this, can also using antibiotics
There is the phenomenon that medicament residue, can not only cause a series of food-safety problems, but also also result in certain influence to water environment.
Bolti belongs to Perciformes, Callichthyidae, Tilapia mossambica category.The fish proper salinity level is wide, to adaptive capacity to environment compared with
By force, water is moved in daytime at the middle and upper levels, it is a kind of omnivorefish based on feeding plant raw material that night is then quiet in the bottom
Class；The fish is good in taste, and yield is higher, is a kind of economic fish that southern region of China cultivates extensively.Bolti appetite
Greatly, metabolism is vigorous, compared to other fish, a large amount of residual baits and excrement is always gathered in intensive culture pond, therefore water quality is disliked
Change faster, a large amount of pathogenic microorganisms of growth cause greatly to threaten to cultured fishes health.
Under such a environmental background, many countries have prohibited the use of certain antibiotics, however
Before not finding other suitable solutions, the aquiculture status of the still rather harsh faced in addition utilizes antibiotic
It is still taken root in the minds of most raisers to solve the method for problems in breeding process, the fish for hardly realizing that medication is brought up is gone out
A series of existing health and food-safety problem.Studies have found that antibiotic is used for a long time for the purpose of prevention and growth promotion, one
Aspect antibody-resistant bacterium can be stored in fish body, and worse and worse, on the other hand, after antibiotic is accumulated in fish body, these are residual for resistance
It stays drug that can be directly entered human body by aquatic products, great threat is constituted to human health.Therefore, the use of antibiotic is more next
More by the query of people, the Substitutes For Antibiotic for finding " green, novel " is that current solution is generated because of antibiotic usage
The key of problems.
Summary of the invention
Physilogical characteristics and aquiculture status and antibiotics for above-mentioned Tilapia mossambica are present in the fish culture
The problem of can not be ignored, the present invention provide a kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed；Containing natural anti-in the tilapia feed
Bacterium active material increases fish body autoimmunity function by feeding the feed containing Substitutes For Antibiotic, to solve to utilize biography
System method is the problem of preventing and curing diseases process.To improve the anti-stress ability and growth performance of Tilapia mossambica, make reduce or
The use of complete substitute antibiotics is possibly realized.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of preparation methods of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed.
First technical solution of the present invention is a kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed, according to mass parts packet
Include following components: 3 parts -8 parts of fish meal；28 parts -32 parts of Soybean Meal；12 parts -18 parts of peanut meal；12 parts -18 parts of rapeseed dregs；Wheat-middlings 24
- 26 parts of part；1 part -3 parts of corn protein powder；2 parts -4 parts of soybean oil；1 part -3 parts of fish oil；1 part -2 parts of calcium monohydrogen phosphate；Fish multidimensional
0.1 part -0.3 part；Fish is with 0.4 part -0.6 part of more mines；0.2 part -0.4 part of choline chloride；0~90mg/kg of bacteriolyze enzyme preparation.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, which further includes water, with the quality of above-mentioned each component
Total amount meter, water are the 30%~35% of the quality total amount of above-mentioned each component.
Second technical solution of the invention is a kind of preparation method of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed, specifically according to
Following steps are implemented:
The preparation of step 1, bacteriolyze enzyme preparation；
Step 2, pretreatment of raw material, by fish meal；Peanut meal；Rapeseed dregs；Wheat-middlings；Corn protein powder；Soybean oil；Fish oil；Phosphorus
Sour hydrogen calcium；Fish multidimensional；The more mines of fish；Choline chloride crushes, and choline chloride and Soybean Meal are mixed according to 0.2-0.4:28-32
It closes uniformly and crushes, obtain the mixture of choline chloride and soybean, above-mentioned smashed material is crossed into 40 meshes；
Step 3 weighs, according to mass parts weighing following components: 3 parts -8 parts of fish meal；12 parts -18 parts of peanut meal；Rapeseed dregs
12 parts -18 parts；24 parts -26 parts of wheat-middlings；1 part -3 parts of corn protein powder；2 parts -4 parts of soybean oil；1 part -3 parts of fish oil；Calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1
- 2 parts of part；Fish is with 0.1 part -0.3 part of multidimensional；Fish is with 0.4 part -0.6 part of more mines；The mixture 28.2 of choline chloride and Soybean Meal
- 32.4 parts of part；0~90mg/kg of bacteriolyze enzyme preparation；
Step 4, raw material mixing, pulvis is mixed, and fish is mixed with Duo Kuang and fish multidimensional, bacteriolyze enzyme preparation with wheat-middlings, then
Each powder raw material is uniformly mixed in a manner of mixing step by step；It is eventually adding the mixture of choline chloride and Soybean Meal；Pulvis is mixed
Liquid charging stock is added after conjunction, order of addition is that fish oil, soybean oil and water are uniformly blended into feedstuff, wherein the addition of water
Amount accounts for the 30%~35% of the quality total amount of each component；
Step 5, granulation, raw material is pelletized with granulator；
Step 6 air-dries, and the raw material after granulation is being divulged information, and the place of solar exposure is not dried to get anti-to growth promotion
It stress tilapia feed.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, pelleting temperature is 65~70 DEG C, and particle size is 2.0~3.0mm.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: a kind of " green, safety " according to the present invention, and have to intestinal health obvious
The tilapia feed of facilitation.The characteristics of in view of fish itself and living environment, by bacteriolyze enzyme preparation with drug administration by injection
Mode enter fish body not only and can generate it is very big stress, but also it is highly inconvenient to operate, and feasibility is poor.Therefore, at this
In invention implementation process, it is uniformly mixed in the form of feed addictive with each raw material and the suitable particle of partial size is made and is raised
Material, enters Tilapia mossambica fish body eventually by oral way and plays a role.
On the one hand the present invention meets the basic nutrition demand (NRC, 2011) of Tilapia mossambica, each group fish in process for preparation
It eats food all right, growth is stablized, and does not find lesion；On the other hand, bacteriolyze enzyme preparation is added to feed with 0~90mg/kg
In after, promotion to a certain extent is played to the growth performance of Tilapia mossambica, efficiency of feed utilization, immune level and anti-stress ability
Effect, especially when pitch-based sphere is at 54 and 72mg/kg, the growth of Tilapia mossambica and feed conversion situation are optimal, show simultaneously
Preferable anti-stress ability and higher immune level, are identified, lysozyme addition group is (especially by tectology
54mg/kg addition group) enteron aisle not only without there is any illness, institutional framework is not better than being not added with lysozyme group, table instead
Reveal the good general level of the health.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail With reference to embodiment.
The present invention provides a kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed, is made of according to mass parts following components: fish meal 3
- 8 parts of part；28 parts -32 parts of Soybean Meal；12 parts -18 parts of peanut meal；12 parts -18 parts of rapeseed dregs；24 parts -26 parts of wheat wheat-middlings；Corn
1 part -3 parts of albumen powder；2 parts -4 parts of soybean oil；1 part -3 parts of fish oil；1 part -2 parts of calcium monohydrogen phosphate；Fish is with 0.1 part -0.3 part of multidimensional；
Fish is with 0.4 part -0.6 part of more mines；0.2 part -0.4 part of choline chloride；0~90mg/kg of bacteriolyze enzyme preparation.
Lysozyme used in the present invention uses saccharomycetes to make fermentation, is separated, purifies to obtain.The initial activity of enzyme is
5000U/mg。
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed, specifically real according to the following steps
It applies:
1): the preparation of lysozyme；
The bacteriolyze enzyme preparation that the present invention uses is obtained using saccharomycetes to make fermentation technique.
2): the production of feed；
Raw material is broken and is sieved: each bulk raw material and premix involved in feed formulation for tilapia are purchased from same feeding
Expect manufacturing enterprise.Feedstuff passes through 40 mesh screens after crushing crusher machine one by one.Since commercially available choline chloride is fat-soluble
It is larger, be difficult through 40 meshes, therefore, in this step, we by the choline chloride of fixed mass needed for formula first with
Soybean Meal mixes, and after reducing its viscosity, then slow transits through 40 mesh screens.
3): raw material weighing with mix: weigh powder raw material and bacteriolyze enzyme preparation according to the raw material proportioning of each group feed, first will
The more mines of fish and multidimensional, bacteriolyze enzyme preparation are mixed with dispersed strong wheat-middlings, then by each powder raw material in a manner of mixing step by step
It is uniformly mixed.Since choline chloride has a degree of destruction to other vitamins, in process of the present invention, we
It is added in feed with the sequence of last procedure.
Each raw material adding liquid raw material again after evenly mixing, and according to the sequence of water after first oil by fish oil, soybean oil and water
It is uniformly blended into feedstuff.In order to be uniformly mixed oil plant, the raw material after contaminated product will also pass through 40 mesh screens；It is same with this
When, it is certain in the adding procedure of water it is noted that temperature variation, moisture evaporation quickly, needs suitably to increase at this time when hot weather
Add the additive amount of water.
4) it pelletizes: being pelletized after raw material mixing with granulator.In pelletization, it is ensured that charging rate is uniform, to be grown
Degree is uniform, the suitable hard pellet diet of partial size；
Wherein, feed particle diameter is 2.0~3.0mm, there is significant positive correlation between Tilapia mossambica bore and weight, therefore,
The partial size of feed is determining according to the caliber size of Tilapia mossambica, general feeds suitable particle diameter=maximum caliber * 75%*25%.
5) air-dry: after granulation, each group feed is being divulged information, and the place of solar exposure is not dried, and prevents from going mouldy.
In feed preparation process, the granulator used is Flat die granulating machine (105A-4-2, Xinchang, Zhejiang Province), temperature-control range
It is arranged at 65~70 DEG C, to reduce the loss late of lysozyme activity in feed；Meanwhile according to the characteristics of machine and empirical value,
The content of the water of addition guarantees the control of final granule Moisture in Feed content 12% hereinafter, meeting feed water 30%~35%
The general content requirement divided.
Embodiment 1
A kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight: 5 parts of fish meal；Soybean Meal 30
Part；15 parts of peanut meal；15 parts of rapeseed dregs；25.5 parts of wheat-middlings；2 parts of corn protein powder；3 parts of soybean oil；2 parts of fish oil；Calcium monohydrogen phosphate
1.5 part；Fish is with 0.2 part of multidimensional；Fish is with 0.5 part of more mines；0.3 part of choline chloride；Bacteriolyze enzyme preparation 18mg/kg.
Embodiment 2
A kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight: 5 parts of fish meal；Soybean Meal 30
Part；15 parts of peanut meal；15 parts of rapeseed dregs；25.5 parts of wheat-middlings；2 parts of corn protein powder；3 parts of soybean oil；2 parts of fish oil；Calcium monohydrogen phosphate
1.5 part；Fish is with 0.2 part of multidimensional；Fish is with 0.5 part of more mines；0.3 part of choline chloride；Bacteriolyze enzyme preparation 36mg/kg.
Embodiment 3
A kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight: 5 parts of fish meal；Soybean Meal 30
Part；15 parts of peanut meal；15 parts of rapeseed dregs；25.5 parts of wheat-middlings；2 parts of corn protein powder；3 parts of soybean oil；2 parts of fish oil；Calcium monohydrogen phosphate
1.5 part；Fish is with 0.2 part of multidimensional；Fish is with 0.5 part of more mines；0.3 part of choline chloride；Bacteriolyze enzyme preparation 54mg/kg.
Embodiment 4
A kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight: 5 parts of fish meal；Soybean Meal 30
Part；15 parts of peanut meal；15 parts of rapeseed dregs；25.5 parts of wheat-middlings；2 parts of corn protein powder；3 parts of soybean oil；2 parts of fish oil；Calcium monohydrogen phosphate
1.5 part；Fish is with 0.2 part of multidimensional；Fish is with 0.5 part of more mines；0.3 part of choline chloride；Bacteriolyze enzyme preparation 72mg/kg.
Embodiment 5
A kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight: 5 parts of fish meal；Soybean Meal 30
Part；15 parts of peanut meal；15 parts of rapeseed dregs；25.5 parts of wheat-middlings；2 parts of corn protein powder；3 parts of soybean oil；2 parts of fish oil；Calcium monohydrogen phosphate
1.5 part；Fish is with 0.2 part of multidimensional；Fish is with 0.5 part of more mines；0.3 part of choline chloride；Bacteriolyze enzyme preparation 90mg/kg.
Embodiment 6
A kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight: 3 parts of fish meal；Soybean Meal 32
Part；12 parts of peanut meal；18 parts of rapeseed dregs；24 parts of wheat-middlings；3 parts of corn protein powder；2 parts of soybean oil；3 parts of fish oil；Calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1
Part；Fish is with 0.3 part of multidimensional；Fish is with 0.4 part of more mines；0.4 part of choline chloride；Bacteriolyze enzyme preparation 0mg/kg.
Embodiment 7
A kind of growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight: 8 parts of fish meal；Soybean Meal 28
Part；18 parts of peanut meal；12 parts of rapeseed dregs；26 parts of wheat-middlings；1 part of corn protein powder；4 parts of soybean oil；1 part of fish oil；Calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2
Part；Fish is with 0.1 part of multidimensional；Fish is with 0.6 part of more mines；0.2 part of choline chloride；Bacteriolyze enzyme preparation 90mg/kg.
Pilot plant test: according to the growth performance of Tilapia mossambica, feed conversion situation, nospecific immunity, anti-ammonia nitrogen stress energy
Power and enteron aisle structure angularly determine that the suitable of lysozyme adds in tilapia feed from growth, immune, resisting stress and safety
Dosage.Design the tilapia feed of 6 kinds of different lysozyme pitch-based spheres: additive amount is respectively 0,18,36,54,72 and 90mg/kg
(L0, L18, L36, L54, L72, L90 group), wherein 0 pitch-based sphere is control group (L0), other pitch-based spheres are experimental group
(L18~L90), the conventional nutrient of each group feed are horizontal consistent (being shown in Table 1).
1 basal feed formula of table and nutritional ingredient (air bells dry basis)
Note: 1. every kilogram of feed contains: thiamine (thiamine) 20mg, riboflavin (riboflavin) 20mg, pyridoxal
(pyridoxine) 10mg, niacin (nicotinic acid) 10mg, calcium pantothenate (calcium pantothenate) 50mg,
Biotin (biotin) 1mg, folic acid (folic acid) 5mg, inositol (inositol) 500mg, VE 50mg, VA2Mg,
VB120.02mg, VK310mg, VD30.05mg。
2. every kilogram of feed contains: ZnSO4·7H2O 525.5mg, MnSO4·H2O 49.2mg, KI 5.23mg, FeSO4·
7H2O 238.8mg, MgSO4·7H2O 4.62g, CuSO4·5H2O 11.8mg, CoCl2·6H2O 0.2mg,
Na2SeO40.66mg, KCl 600mg, NaCl 107.1mg.
Influence of the 2 feed Lysozyme Levels of table to Growth Op Tilapia and feed conversion
Note: indicating different English alphabets with data line indicates significant difference (P < 0.05), similarly hereinafter.
Influence of the 3 feed Lysozyme Levels of table to nutriment apparent digestibility
Influence of the 4 feed Lysozyme Levels of table to Rofe nutrition components
Influence of the 5 feed Lysozyme Levels of table to Tilapia mossambica digestive enzyme activity
Influence of the 6 feed Lysozyme Levels of table to tilapia serum immune enzyme activity
Influence of the 7 feed Lysozyme Levels of table to liver of hybrid tilapia immune enzyme activity
Influence of the 8 feed Lysozyme Levels of table to Tilapia mossambica intestinal submucosa tissue form
The quantity of 9 each group bolti intestinal mucosa goblet cell of table changes
10 ammonia nitrogen of table stress rear tilapia serum biochemical indicator variation
11 ammonia nitrogen of table stress rear liver of hybrid tilapia activities of antioxidant enzymes variation
Tilapia mossambica 60 days that original body mass is (11.35 ± 0.08) g are fed respectively with above-mentioned 6 kinds of feeds, the results showed that each
The rate of body weight gain and specific growth rate of experimental group are all higher than control group, and wherein L54 group is significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05), other
Each group and control group difference is not significant；The coefficient of condition of each group fish is also without notable difference；Feed coefficient L54 group, which is substantially less than, to be compareed
Group (P < 0.05), and the feed coefficient of other each experimental groups is also below control group；From internal organs, each experimental group fish
Liver body ratio be lower than control group, wherein L90 group be substantially less than control group (P < 0.05), index and spleen index L72 and L90 group significantly
Lower than control group (P < 0.05), for the index and spleen index of other each experimental group fishes also below control group, head kidney index does not occur group
Between on otherness (being shown in Table 2).The apparent digestibility L54 group highest of dry matter and crude protein；The apparent digestibility of crude fat exists
L72 group is minimum, and other each experimental groups are below control group；Energy apparent digestibility L54 group is minimum (being shown in Table 3).Full fish body
Also certain otherness is presented on ingredient, is mainly manifested on crude protein and coarse ash, the crude protein content of L54 and L90 group fish
Be significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05), equally, the crude ash content of L54 group fish be also significantly greater than control group (P < 0.05) (see
Table 4).In liver and alimentary canal, protease and amylase activity also show certain otherness: in stomach, proteinase activity
Maximum activity is shown in L36 and L54 group, and is significantly higher than control group (L0) and L18 group (P < 0.05)；Diastatic activity
Property shows maximum activity in L72 and L90 group, and is significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05).In anterior intestine, lysozyme high level adds
The proteinase activity of group is added to be higher than low-level addition group and control group, wherein the proteinase activity of L54 and L72 group fish is maximum, and
It is significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05)；Amylase activity is maximum in L54 group, is significantly higher than control group and other each groups (P <
0.05).Middle intestines, protease and amylase show maximum activity in L54 group, and are significantly higher than control group (P <
0.05), other each group differences are little (P > 0.05).In hindgut, the proteinase activity between each group is not shown statistically
Otherness, and amylase activity is significantly higher than L54 group (P < 0.05) in L90 group.In liver, proteinase activity L54 group most
Greatly；Amylase activity is maximum in L90 group, and is significantly higher than control group and other each groups (P < 0.05) (being shown in Table 5).Result of study
Display: for lysozyme additive amount in 54mg/kg, Tilapia mossambica is best to the digestion and absorption of nutriment, shows good growth
Performance and efficiency of feed utilization, while there is optimal nutritive value.
Using nospecific immunity relevant enzyme (lysozyme, superoxide dismutase in biochemical analysis and detection serum and liver
And catalase) vigor and malonaldehyde changes of contents, using tissue paraffin section de H.E dye more each feed group of method
The morphologic difference of intestinal tissue.The result shows that: in addition to L90 group, each group fish serum antalzyme activity is substantially less than and compares
Group (P < 0.05).Total number born (T-SOD) vigor is maximum in L72 group, at the same time, the T-SOD of L54 and L90 group
Vigor is also significantly greater than control group (P < 0.05).Catalase (CAT) vigor is maximum in L54 group, and is significantly higher than control group
(P < 0.05).Malonaldehyde (MDA) content is minimum in L54 group, and substantially less than control group (P < 0.05) (being shown in Table 6)；Liver is molten
Bacterium enzyme activity is maximum in L54 and L72 group, is significantly higher than control group and other each groups (P < 0.05).T-SOD vigor is also
Maximum (P < 0.05) in L54 and L72 group, otherness is little between other each groups.CAT vigor is significantly high in L54, L72 and L90 group
In control group (P < 0.05).MDA content is minimum in L54 group, and substantially less than control group and other each groups (P < 0.05) (are shown in Table
7).The cashmere density of middle hindgut has increased trend compared with control group before each test group: in anterior intestine, the villus of L54 and L72 group is close
Degree is noticeably greater than control group (P < 0.05), and L54 group is slightly larger than L72 group；The averag density of middle intestines, each test group villus is
34.75 (control groups 27.75), noticeably greater than control group (P < 0.05)；Hindgut is equally the cashmere density of L54 and L72 group
Maximum has significant difference (P < 0.05) with control group.Meanwhile villi height, width and the control group of each test group also have
Statistical otherness: promesenteron, the intestinal villus of L54 and L72 group are significantly higher than control group, the height of naps of hindgut with compare
The no significant difference of group, but the villus width of each test group is noticeably greater than control group (P < 0.05), and mean breadth is
134.07um (control group 81.28um), and the villus width of promesenteron is all noticeably greater than control group (P < 0.05) in L54 group.
There is an opposite trend in the muscle layer thickness of each group enteron aisle and height of naps, before substantially conforming to fish, intestinal mucosa knot after neutralizing
The variation tendency (being shown in Table 8) of structure.Goblet cell is a kind of cell that can secrete digestive ferment in fish epithelium of intestinal mucosa layer, right
The digestion and absorption of nutriment plays an important role.As can be seen from Table 9, before each group middle hindgut goblet cell quantity change
Change and a downward trend is presented: in anterior intestine, the quantity of L72 group fish goblet cell is most, is significantly higher than control group (P <
0.05)；The quantity of middle hindgut goblet cell is presented one and first increases the trend reduced afterwards, wherein L36, L54 and L72 group fish
Goblet cell is significantly more than control group (P < 0.05).The result shows that: lysozyme pitch-based sphere is at 54 and 72mg/kg, Tilapia mossambica
Immune indexes and intestinal tissue form be better than control group, good an adjustings work is played to its immune and intestinal health
With.
After being raised Tilapia mossambica 60 days with the feed of different lysozyme pitch-based spheres, start to carry out ammonia nitrogen stress tests.Use chlorine
Change ammonium be used as stressor, make test water body total ammonia nitrogen concentration reach 50mg/L, by for 24 hours stress after, although each group fish survival rate
Notable difference is not shown, but after the blood parameters by detecting each group fish and hepatic antioxidant activity, then
Show apparent otherness.The result shows that: the Total albumen content is maximum in L54 group, is significantly higher than control group (P <
0.05)；Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity also shows maximum value in L54 group；Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) is between each group without table
Reveal the otherness on statistical significance, and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease (AST) is maximum in L72 group activity, and is significantly higher than control group
(P < 0.05)；Blood glucose (GLU) content shows maximum value in L72 group, and is significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05)；High density rouge
Albumen (HDL-C) content is substantially less than control group (P < 0.05) in lysozyme addition group, and minimum in L54 group content, and low
There is an opposite trend in density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and only group difference is little；Triglycerides (TG) content in L54 and
L72 group is significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05) (being shown in Table 10)；Meanwhile the activities of antioxidant enzymes and malonaldehyde of liver of hybrid tilapia
Significant statistical difference (P < 0.05) is also presented in different lysozyme addition groups in content.With mentioning for lysozyme pitch-based sphere
Height, total number born (T-SOD) activity are presented one and first increase the variation tendency reduced afterwards, and pitch-based sphere is in 54mg/
When kg, T-SOD activity is maximum, and is significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05), poor between remaining each group and control group in addition to L18 group
It is anisotropic little；An opposite variation tendency, and each lysozyme addition group Rofe is presented in malonaldehyde (MDA) content between each group
The MDA yield of fish liver is below control group, and wherein the MDA content of L54 group is minimum, substantially less than control group (P < 0.05)；
At the same time, each group fish liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and catalase (CAT) activity also occur one
First increase the trend reduced afterwards, the catalase activity of L54 group and L90 group is significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05), remaining is each
Group does not have significant difference (p > 0.05) with control group；Equally, glutathione peroxidase is shown maximum in L54 group
Activity, and it is significantly higher than control group and other each groups (P < 0.05) (being shown in Table 11).From the detection knot of the above serum resisting stress index
Fruit it will be seen that Tilapia mossambica by ammonia nitrogen stress after, each regulating system of body has certain feedback response: serum is total
Albumen is the important indicator for reflecting fish body nutrition, metabolism and immunity function.Stress after, fish body divides protide nutriment
Solution Utilization ability can reduce, and to concentrate more energy to coerce for environment resistant, therefore, the total serum protein of L54 group fish contains
Amount is significantly higher than control group；Paddy third and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease are the important transaminases of fish body, are primarily involved between amino acid and ketone acid
Conversion regulate and control the protein metabolism of body.They not only indicate the state of fish body liver function, while being also body resisting stress
A kind of response mechanism.As can be seen that the AST of addition lysozyme group is all remarkably higher than control group from result, and reached in L72 group
To peak value, prompt test fish by ammonia nitrogen stress after, the fish liver of addition lysozyme group has very sensitive resisting stress
Responding ability；Alkaline phosphatase is a kind of metabolic regulation enzyme of fish body, while being also a kind of important immuno-enzymatic, it can pass through
Change the surface texture of bacterium and increase its dissident's property, and cause of disease surface molecular can be modified to accelerate the phagocytosis of phagocyte
With the degradation speed of foreign matter.Stress after, the AKP activity of each experimental group fish serum has an increased trend, with L54 group activity
Maximum, therefore, in feed add lysozyme can to Tilapia mossambica stress immune in environment generate a kind of positive response regulation
Mechanism increases the immunity of fish body by quick start immune defense system, and reduction stress be to the damage of fish body；Serum glucose
It is mainly derived from the decomposition and heteroplasia effect of the glucose sugar and hepatic glycogen digested and assimilated in food, is the important of body resisting stress
One of index.Stress after, fish body can be accelerating the catabolism of hepatic glycogen to resist by way of obtaining enough energy
The stress of extraneous poor environment.When feed addition level reaches 72mg/kg, blood-sugar content highest, therefore, in this pitch-based sphere
Lower fish body shows best anti-stress ability；High-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein are reaction body lipid-metabolisms
Important indicator.Cholesterol in tissue is mainly transported to liver and is metabolized by high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein
Opposite effect is then played, is by the cholesterol transport in liver into tissue, between them among a dynamic change；
Triglycerides is mainly derived from enteron aisle for the absorption of lipid and the metabolism of liver fat, and changing for content is anti-with fish
Stress ability is closely related.Stress after, fish body can make blood by the dynamic change between high density and low-density lipoprotein
Cholesterol has increased trend, to increase the lipid energy supply of fish body, increases its anti-stress ability；On the other hand pass through cholesterol
Dynamic change between triglycerides prevents blood cholesterol levels excess accumulation, reduces fish injury degree.From statistical data
It sees, L54 and L72 group fish shows better anti-stress ability；Meanwhile main removing toxic substances organ of the liver as vertebrate,
The important antioxidase of its interior SOD, CAT and GSH-Px as body reply oxidative damage, the change of vigor is for maintaining
Balance between oxidant and antioxidant plays an important role.Ammonia nitrogen stress after, with the raising of lysozyme pitch-based sphere, liver is total
Superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and catalase (CAT) activity all occur
One first increases the trend reduced afterwards, and an opposite variation tendency occurs in malonaldehyde (MDA), shows that the bacteriolyze enzyme preparation adds
Being added in tilapia feed can reduce as ammonia nitrogen oxidative damage caused by fish liver.Therefore, we can be total
Bear: for lysozyme pitch-based sphere at 54 and 72mg/kg, Tilapia mossambica can increase itself by quick start immune system
Immune defense ability, while fish body can also be made to have enough energy to support by the metabolism of regulation protein, carbohydrate and lipid
The stimulation of anti-external world's poor environment enhances the adaptive faculty to environment to improve the anti-stress ability of itself；In addition to this, molten
The use of bacterium enzyme to stress the response mechanism of rear liver of hybrid tilapia antioxidase system of defense also play a positive adjusting
Effect.
Think that the bacteriolyze enzyme preparation can play the biological action of similar antibiotic based on the above results.Work as pitch-based sphere
In 54mg/kg, better growth performance, efficiency of feed utilization, immune state and anti-stress ability can be shown, to Tilapia mossambica
Intestinal health also play certain facilitation.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of lysozyme is preparing the purposes in growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed, which is characterized in that the feed according to
Mass parts include following components: 3 parts -8 parts of fish meal, 28 parts -32 parts of Soybean Meal, 12 parts -18 parts of peanut meal, 12 part -18 of rapeseed dregs
Part, 24 parts -26 parts of wheat-middlings, 1 part -3 parts of corn protein powder, 2 parts -4 parts of soybean oil, 1 part -3 parts of fish oil, 1 part -2 parts of calcium monohydrogen phosphate,
Fish is with 0.1 part -0.3 part of multidimensional, 0.4 part -0.6 part of more mines of fish, and 0.2 part -0.4 part of choline chloride, bacteriolyze enzyme preparation 54~
72mg/kg。
2. purposes according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the amount of the bacteriolyze enzyme preparation is 54mg/kg.
3. purposes according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the amount of the bacteriolyze enzyme preparation is 72mg/kg.
4. purposes according to claim 1-3, which is characterized in that the growth promotion resisting stress tilapia feed also wraps
Include water, in claim 1 in terms of the quality total amount of each component, water account for the quality total amount of each component in claim 1 30%~
35%.
5. purposes according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the preparation method of the feed is specifically real according to the following steps
It applies:
The preparation of step 1, bacteriolyze enzyme preparation；
Step 2, pretreatment of raw material, by fish meal, peanut meal, rapeseed dregs, wheat-middlings, corn protein powder, soybean oil, fish oil, phosphoric acid hydrogen
Calcium, fish multidimensional, the more mines of fish, choline chloride crush, and choline chloride are mixed with Soybean Meal according to 0.2-0.4:28-32
It is even and crush, the mixture of choline chloride and Soybean Meal is obtained, above-mentioned smashed material is crossed into 40 meshes；
Step 3 weighs, according to mass parts weighing following components: 3 parts -8 parts of fish meal, 12 parts -18 parts of peanut meal, and 12 parts of rapeseed dregs -
18 parts, 24 parts -26 parts of wheat-middlings, 1 part -3 parts of corn protein powder, 2 parts -4 parts of soybean oil, 1 part -3 parts of fish oil, 1 part -2 of calcium monohydrogen phosphate
Part, fish is with 0.1 part -0.3 part of multidimensional, 0.4 part -0.6 part of more mines of fish, 28.2 parts of the mixture-of choline chloride and Soybean Meal
32.4 parts, 54~72mg/kg of bacteriolyze enzyme preparation；
Step 4, raw material mixing, first mix fish with Duo Kuang and fish multidimensional, bacteriolyze enzyme preparation with wheat-middlings, then to mix step by step
Mode is added other powder raw materials and is uniformly mixed；It is eventually adding the mixture of choline chloride and Soybean Meal；Add again after evenly mixing
Enter liquid charging stock, order of addition is that fish oil, soybean oil and water are uniformly blended into feedstuff, wherein the additive amount of water accounts for each group
The 30%~35% of the quality total amount divided；
Step 5, granulation, raw material is pelletized with granulator；
Step 6 air-dries, and the raw material after granulation is being divulged information, and the place of solar exposure is not dried to get growth promotion resisting stress is arrived
Tilapia feed.
6. purposes according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the pelleting temperature is 65~70 DEG C, particle size 2.0
~3.0mm.
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