CN113383874A - Functional feed for breeding micropterus salmoides and breeding method thereof - Google Patents
Functional feed for breeding micropterus salmoides and breeding method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113383874A CN113383874A CN202110805171.1A CN202110805171A CN113383874A CN 113383874 A CN113383874 A CN 113383874A CN 202110805171 A CN202110805171 A CN 202110805171A CN 113383874 A CN113383874 A CN 113383874A
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- feeding
- micropterus salmoides
- feed
- water temperature
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Abstract
The invention provides a functional feed for breeding micropterus salmoides, which comprises expanded feed for preventing hepatobiliary syndrome, wherein the expanded feed for preventing hepatobiliary syndrome comprises fish meal, methane mycoprotein, ossein protein powder, soybean protein concentrate powder, a starch mixture, an amino acid mixture, a mineral substance premix, a vitamin premix and a compound glycolipid metabolism activator. The method for breeding the micropterus salmoides by using the functional feed for breeding the micropterus salmoides comprises the following steps of: 1) maintaining the stability of the water body culture environment in the culture pond; 2) controlling the selection and the release of the micropterus salmoides fries; 3) controlling feeding frequency and feeding amount; 4) a solar oxygen increasing machine and a biological floating bed are arranged in the culture pond. The advantages are that: can prevent hepatobiliary syndrome of micropterus salmoides culture and improve culture survival rate of micropterus salmoides.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a functional feed for breeding micropterus salmoides and a breeding method thereof, belonging to the technical field of breeding.
Background
According to fishery yearbook statistics in 2020, the yield of the Micropterus salmoides in California in 2019 is 49.8 ten thousand tons, compared with 2018, the increase is about 10.59%, the speed increase in 2020 is about 20%, and if the yield in 2020 is about 60 ten thousand tons according to the 20% speed increase; therefore, according to the current acceleration, the micropterus salmoides become one of millions of tons of important cultivated varieties.
However, in recent years, with the continuous expansion of the culture yield and scale of the micropterus salmoides, the most painful morbid hepatobiliary disease in the culture process of the micropterus salmoides is caused, the key mechanism of growth of the micropterus salmoides is that liver metabolism is blocked, the liver of the fish is divided into two types of 'glycogen contained in liver cells is main' and 'fat contained in liver cells is main', and the micropterus salmoides are not only an innate 'fatty liver patient' (the liver resists insufficient fat factors), but also an innate 'diabetes patient' (low tolerance to saccharides and low utilization rate of starch), so the liver maintenance work is vital, once the liver of the micropterus salmoides is diseased, the immunity of the fish is reduced, the metabolism is disordered, the digestion rate of the bait is reduced, the feed intake is reduced, the death rate of the micropterus salmoides is increased due to the easy infection of other pathogenic diseases (such as nocardia disease, iridovirus and the like), and the death rate of the micropterus salmoides can be as high as more than 50%, causing significant economic loss to farmers.
Research shows that the feed is added with some fat-glucose metabolism regulating and controlling substances or Chinese herbal medicine liver and gallbladder protecting substances externally, so that the hepatobiliary syndrome of the micropterus salmoides can be effectively improved, the absorption and utilization rate of fat by the micropterus salmoides can be effectively prevented and improved, and the fatty liver is solved; therefore, the fat absorption and utilization rate of the micropterus salmoides can be effectively prevented and improved through scientific nutrition technical means, scientific feeding regulation and control technology and the like, the fatty liver is solved, and the morbidity and mortality of the micropterus salmoides during the culture period are remarkably reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a functional feed for breeding micropterus salmoides and a breeding method thereof, aiming at preventing hepatobiliary syndrome at the peak stage of micropterus salmoides breeding and improving the breeding survival rate of micropterus salmoides.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the functional feed for breeding micropterus salmoides comprises expanded feed for preventing hepatobiliary syndrome, and the expanded feed for preventing hepatobiliary syndrome comprises fish meal, methane mycoprotein, collagen protein powder, soybean protein concentrate powder, starch mixture, amino acid mixture, mineral substance premix, vitamin premix and compound glycolipid metabolism activator.
The method for breeding the micropterus salmoides by using the functional feed for breeding the micropterus salmoides comprises the following steps:
1) maintaining the stability of the water body culture environment in the culture pond: regulating and controlling the pH value of the water body to be 7.1-8.2, wherein the nitrite content is less than or equal to 0.30 mg/mL, the ammonia nitrogen content is less than or equal to 1.4 mg/mL, and the dissolved oxygen content is more than or equal to 4.5 mg/L;
2) controlling fry selection and release of micropterus salmoides: putting micropterus salmoides fry with specification more than or equal to 0.2 jin/tail into the culture pond every 4 months, wherein the stocking density is 1500-1800 fries/mu;
3) controlling feeding frequency and feeding amount: adjusting the feeding frequency and feeding amount of the feed according to the water temperature and dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture pond;
4) a solar oxygen increasing machine and a biological floating bed are arranged in the culture pond.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the liver and gall functions of the micropterus salmoides can be effectively improved, and the fat and sugar metabolism capability of the micropterus salmoides body is improved;
(2) the liver and gall syndrome of the micropterus salmoides at the peak stage of culture can be effectively prevented, liver and gall diseases such as fatty liver, floral liver, green liver, yellow liver and the like of the micropterus salmoides can be prevented, the survival rate of the micropterus salmoides in the whole culture period is remarkably improved, and the survival rate of the micropterus salmoides in the whole culture period can reach more than 90 percent;
(3) the feed utilization rate is improved, the culture period is shortened, the growth speed of the micropterus salmoides can be improved by more than 15%, and the economic efficiency is improved by more than 20% compared with the traditional culture mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of the final average body weight of the growth of Micropterus salmoides after the culture of the functional feed of the present invention + the culture mode of the present invention and the traditional feed + the traditional culture mode under three different stocking densities in the example.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of the culture survival rate of micropterus salmoides after the culture of the functional feed of the invention, the culture mode of the invention and the traditional feed and the traditional culture mode under three different stocking densities in the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the liver HE staining of micropterus salmoides after the traditional feed and traditional culture modes are finished in the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the HE staining of micropterus salmoides liver after the completion of the functional feed of the present invention and the cultivation mode of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the oil red O staining of micropterus salmoides liver after the completion of the traditional feed and traditional breeding mode in the example.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the staining of liver oil red O of micropterus salmoides after the functional feed of the present invention + the culture mode of the present invention are completed in the example.
Detailed Description
The functional feed for breeding micropterus salmoides comprises expanded feed for preventing hepatobiliary syndrome, and the expanded feed for preventing hepatobiliary syndrome comprises fish meal, methane mycoprotein, collagen protein powder, soybean protein concentrate powder, starch mixture, amino acid mixture, mineral substance premix, vitamin premix and compound glycolipid metabolism activator.
The ingredients of the puffed feed for preventing liver and gall syndrome also comprise euproctis optissima (which is insect protein powder), fermented soybean meal, rice bran, squid liver paste, fish oil, calcium biphosphate, vitamin C phosphate and a mildew preventive.
The amino acid mixture comprises L-methionine and L-lysine, and the mass ratio of the L-methionine to the L-lysine is preferably 4: 11; the starch mixture comprises wheat flour and tapioca starch, and the mass ratio of the wheat flour to the tapioca starch is preferably 4: 3.
The expanded feed for preventing liver and gall syndrome comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of fish meal, 6% of methane tropina, 6% of eupolyphaga (insect protein powder), 12% of fermented soybean meal, 5% of collagen protein powder, 5% of soybean protein concentrate powder, 14% of starch mixture (wherein the wheat flour is 8% and the cassava starch is 6%), 0.3% of amino acid mixture (wherein the L-methionine is 0.08%, the L-lysine is 0.22%), 5% of rice bran, 3% of squid extract, 7% of fish oil, 2% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2% of mineral premix, 1% of vitamin premix, 0.8% of vitamin C phosphate, 0.1% of mildew inhibitor and 0.8% of compound glycolipid metabolism activator.
The compound glycolipid metabolism activator comprises choline chloride, bile acid, tributyrin, glucoside tannin, bacillus lactis, polygonum cuspidatum, resveratrol and berberine.
The mass percentages of the components in the compound glycolipid metabolism activator in the total mass of the expanded feed for preventing the hepatobiliary syndrome are respectively preferably as follows: 0.1% of choline chloride, 0.1% of bile acid, 0.15% of tributyrin, 0.15% of tannin, 0.05% of bacillus lactis, 0.1% of polygonum cuspidatum, 0.05% of resveratrol and 0.1% of berberine.
The fish meal is preferably TASA super fish meal; the vitamin premix is preferably a vitamin premix for carnivorous fishes; the mineral premix is preferably a mineral premix for carnivorous fishes; the vitamin premix, the mineral premix, the mildew preventive and the bile acid are preferably products of the Sinorweiwei animal health product company Limited.
The expanded feed for preventing the hepatobiliary syndrome can effectively enhance the immunity of organisms and the metabolic capability of livers, can effectively prevent the hepatobiliary syndrome at the peak stage of the micropterus salmoides cultivation, can prevent the hepatobiliary diseases such as fatty liver, floral liver, green liver, yellow liver and the like of the micropterus salmoides, and can obviously improve the survival rate and survival rate of the micropterus salmoides cultivation in the whole period.
The method for breeding the micropterus salmoides by using the functional feed for breeding the micropterus salmoides comprises the following steps:
1) maintaining the stability of the water body culture environment in the culture pond: regulating and controlling the pH value of the water body to be 7.1-8.2, wherein the nitrite content is less than or equal to 0.30 mg/mL, the ammonia nitrogen content is less than or equal to 1.4 mg/mL, and the dissolved oxygen content is more than or equal to 4.5 mg/L;
2) controlling fry selection and release of micropterus salmoides: putting micropterus salmoides fry with specification more than or equal to 0.2 jin/tail into the culture pond every 4 months, wherein the stocking density is 1500-1800 fries/mu;
3) controlling feeding frequency and feeding amount: adjusting the feeding frequency and feeding amount of the feed according to the water temperature and dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture pond;
4) a solar oxygen increasing machine and a biological floating bed are arranged in the culture pond.
The feeding frequency is preferably 1 to 4 times per day; the feeding amount is preferably 1.0-3.5% of the total weight of the micropterus salmoides per day; preferably for at least 5 months; particularly, the mouth of the culture pond is sampled once every week, the total weight of cultured micropterus salmoides is estimated, and the feeding amount of the feed is preferably calculated by referring to the estimated total weight of the micropterus salmoides at the last time.
The arrangement of the biological floating bed is preferably as follows: 2-4 water areas of 2m per mu of aquaculture pond2The aquatic plants are planted on the biological floating bed, and water spinach is preferably planted on the biological floating bed; the biological floating bed can effectively reduce the ammonia nitrogen level in the water body; the biological floating bed is preferably made of materials such as fiber reinforced plastics and/or expanded polystyrene.
The solar aerator is preferably super-energy; the super-energy type means that the energy storage of a storage battery with the time of more than or equal to 1 hour is upgraded on the basis of utilizing solar energy as direct power to drive the oxygen increasing equipment to operate; solar energy is used as direct power to drive the oxygen aeration machine to operate in the presence of the sun, and the storage battery can be remotely started to drive the oxygen aeration machine to operate if necessary in rainy days so as to prevent oxygen deficiency in rainy days.
At the temperature of 23-30 ℃, the Micropterus salmoides is in a rapid growth period, the feeding amount is large, the feeding frequency is high, the content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite is increased rapidly, and the dissolved oxygen is reduced, and at the moment, the culture pond is required to ensure the stability of the water environment strictly according to the requirement of the water culture environment.
And (3) selecting the micropterus salmoides fries: selecting healthy fries with consistent specifications, and putting the micropterus salmoides fries with specifications of more than or equal to 0.2 jin/tail in month 4, wherein the stocking density is 1500-plus 1800 tails/mu.
The pelteobagrus fulvidraco can be intercropped in the culture pond, the stocking specification is more than or equal to 0.1 jin/tail, the stocking density is 300-; the stocking density of the silver carps in the aquaculture pond is preferably 30-50 fish/mu, and the specification of the fries thrown into the silver carps is preferably more than or equal to 1.5 jin/tail; the stocking density of spotted silver carps in the aquaculture pond is preferably 30-50 spotted silver carps per mu, and the specification of the fries thrown into the spotted silver carps is preferably more than or equal to 1.2 jin per tail.
The feeding frequency and the feeding amount of the feed are adjusted according to the water temperature and dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture pond, and the specific adjusting method comprises the following steps:
1) feeding functional feed with the total amount of 1.0% of the weight of the micropterus salmoides every day by 2 times based on the water temperature of 9 th day if the water temperature is less than or equal to 15 ℃;
2) feeding the functional feed with the total amount of 2.0 percent of the weight of the micropterus salmoides by 3 times if the water temperature is 15-23 ℃ by using the water temperature of 9 hours in the morning;
3) feeding the functional feed with the total weight of 3.5 percent of the weight of the micropterus salmoides for 4 times every day by using the water temperature of 9 ℃ in the morning;
4) feeding the functional feed with a feeding amount of 2.0% of the weight of the micropterus salmoides for 2 times a day by using the water temperature of 9 ℃ in the morning, wherein the water temperature is 30-33 ℃;
5) using the water temperature of 9 hours in the morning, if the water temperature is more than or equal to 33 ℃, splashing VC before feeding, feeding 1 time or stopping feeding the functional feed with the daily feeding amount of 1.0 percent of the weight of the Micropterus salmoides;
6) when the dissolved oxygen in the water body is more than 4.5mg/L, the feeding strategy only needs to be based on the water temperature feeding method in 1) -5);
7) at any water temperature, when the dissolved oxygen in the water body is between 3.0mg/L and 4.5mg/L, the daily feeding amount of the feed is 1.0 percent of the weight of the micropterus salmoides, and the distribution feeding frequency can be determined according to the water temperature feeding strategy from 1) to 5);
8) no matter at any water temperature, stopping feeding when the dissolved oxygen in the water body is lower than 3.0mg/L, increasing oxygen, and feeding when the dissolved oxygen meets corresponding requirements, wherein the feeding strategy is according to 1) to 7);
9) the feeding mode follows the principle of a few times: the feeding reference time when feeding is divided into 4 times every day is as follows: once at 6:00, once at 10:00, once at 14:00, and once at 18: 00; the feeding reference time when feeding is divided into 3 times every day is as follows: 7:00 once, 12:00 once, 18:00 once; the feeding reference time when feeding is divided into 2 times every day is as follows: 7:00-8:00 once, 17:00-18:00 once; the feeding reference time when feeding is divided into 1 time every day is as follows: 16:30-17:30 once;
the 1) -9) can preferably sample the mouth of the culture pond once every week, estimate the total weight of cultured micropterus salmoides, and preferably feed feeding is carried out by referring to the estimated total weight of micropterus salmoides at the last time.
In the 1) to 9), if the water temperature simultaneously satisfies two feeding frequencies and feeding amounts, one of the feeding frequencies and feeding amounts can be selected; for example, when the water temperature is 15 ℃, feeding can be carried out according to the feeding frequency and the feeding amount in 1) or 2) optionally; for another example, when the water temperature is 23 ℃, the feeding frequency and the feeding amount in the step 2) or 3) can be optionally selected for feeding.
The compound glycolipid metabolism activator contained in the functional feed for culturing micropterus salmoides can effectively prevent hepatobiliary syndrome, the adding proportion of the compound glycolipid metabolism activator accounts for 0.8% of the total mass of the expanded feed for preventing hepatobiliary syndrome, the adding level of the compound glycolipid metabolism activator can be properly increased according to specific culture problems in the culture process, the adding level can not exceed 1.5% of the total mass of the expanded feed for preventing hepatobiliary syndrome at the highest and can not be lower than 0.8% of the total mass of the expanded feed for preventing hepatobiliary syndrome at the lowest.
The feed containing the expanded feed for preventing the hepatobiliary syndrome is specially designed for enhancing the hepatic glycolipid metabolic capability of the micropterus salmoides, enhancing the body immunity, preventing the hepatobiliary syndrome during the micropterus salmoides culture and the virus infection, can meet the nutritional requirement of the rapid growth of the micropterus salmoides, and simultaneously, the specific components of the compound glycolipid metabolism activator are compounded by a plurality of substances, the substances mainly comprise a plurality of carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism enhancers (choline chloride, bile acid, tributyrin, glucoside tannin and bacillus lactis) and a plurality of Chinese herbal medicine substances (polygonum cuspidatum, resveratrol and berberine), can effectively enhance the body immunity and the liver metabolic capability, effectively prevent the hepatobiliary syndrome at the peak of the micropterus salmoides culture, prevent the hepatobiliary diseases such as fatty liver, floral liver, green liver, yellow liver and the like, and obviously improve the survival rate of the micropterus salmoides culture in the whole period, survival rate.
Aiming at the characteristics that fatty liver, floral liver, green liver, yellow liver and other liver and gall diseases are easily caused in the middle and later stages of micropterus salmoides cultivation, on one hand, the growth speed and the feed utilization rate are improved, the cultivation period is shortened, on the other hand, the fatty liver, the floral liver, the green liver, the yellow liver and other liver and gall diseases of micropterus salmoides can be effectively prevented, and the survival rate of micropterus salmoides in the whole cultivation period is remarkably improved by over 90 percent; the price of the micropterus salmoides in 9-10 months can reach the marketing specification of about 1.0-1.2 jin, and the economic efficiency is improved by more than 20% compared with the prior culture mode.
Examples
The seedling setting mode of this example is shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
When the Micropterus salmoides are mainly cultured, the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is cultured in the pond and the silver carp and the spotted silver carp are supplemented, and the intercropping of the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the silver carp and the spotted silver carp has no negative influence on the culture of the Micropterus salmoides, and can also effectively utilize the ecological space of the pond, improve the feed efficiency, reduce the ammonia nitrogen in the water body and the like; most importantly, the economic benefit and the income of fishermen can be improved; the nutritional requirements, the feed requirements and the culture environment of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco are basically consistent.
In the embodiment, 3 different micropterus salmoides stocking densities are set (see tables 2, 3 and 4 in detail), and the traditional feed, the traditional breeding method, the functional feed and the breeding mode of the invention are respectively used for carrying out breeding effect evaluation comparison (fig. 1 and 2) and liver fat accumulation equivalent effect comparison (fig. 3-6), and 6 ponds with consistent specifications are counted.
The water body environment requirement of the culture pond is as follows:
in the embodiment, the seedling is released in the early 4 months, the specific specification and density of the released seedlings are detailed in table 1, the culture period is about 5-6 months, namely about 9-10 months, the seedlings can be listed, and the high-temperature culture time is effectively shortened.
The specific water body parameters are controlled as follows:
the pH value of the water body is regulated and controlled to be stable at 7.1-8.2, the content of nitrite is less than or equal to 0.30 mg/mL, the content of ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 1.4 mg/mL, and the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 4.5 mg/L; during this period, attention is paid to water quality regulation in 6-9 months, and large fluctuation is avoided as much as possible.
The specific feeding strategy of this example:
the micropterus salmoides belong to variable-temperature animals and have the characteristics of intolerance to low oxygen, high and low temperature and the like, so that the temperature and dissolved oxygen are particularly important in feeding, and the feeding is adjusted according to the temperature and the dissolved oxygen as follows:
1) feeding 2 times by using water temperature of 9 days earlier, if the water temperature is less than or equal to 15 ℃, feeding the feed with the total amount of 1.0 percent of the weight of the micropterus salmoides every day;
2) feeding three times by using the water temperature of 9 th day if the water temperature is 15-23 ℃ and the total amount of the feed is 2.0 percent of the weight of the micropterus salmoides per day;
3) feeding 4 times by using the water temperature of 9 hours in the morning, wherein if the water temperature is 23-30 ℃, the total feed amount is 3.5 percent of the weight of the micropterus salmoides per day;
4) feeding 2 times a day by using water temperature of 9 hours earlier, wherein if the water temperature is 30-33 ℃, the feed is fed in an amount which is 2.0 percent of the weight of the micropterus salmoides per day;
5) using the water temperature of 9 hours in the morning, if the water temperature is more than or equal to 33 ℃, splashing VC before feeding, feeding 1 time or stopping feeding with feed with the daily feeding amount of 1.0 percent of the weight of the Micropterus salmoides;
6) when the dissolved oxygen in the water body is more than 4.5mg/L, the feeding strategy only needs to be based on the water temperature feeding method in 1) -5);
7) at any water temperature, when the dissolved oxygen in the water body is between 3.0mg/L and 4.5mg/L, the daily feeding amount of the feed is 1.0 percent of the weight of the micropterus salmoides, and the distribution feeding frequency can be determined according to the water temperature feeding strategy from 1) to 5);
8) under any water temperature, the feeding is stopped and the oxygen is increased when the dissolved oxygen in the water body is lower than 3.0mg/L, and the feeding can be carried out when the dissolved oxygen meets the requirement, but the feeding amount is reduced as much as possible;
9) the feeding reference time when feeding is divided into 4 times every day is as follows: once at 6:00, once at 10:00, once at 14:00, and once at 18: 00; the feeding reference time when feeding is divided into 3 times every day is as follows: 7:00 once, 12:00 once, 18:00 once; the feeding reference time when feeding is divided into 2 times every day is as follows: 7:00-8:00 once, 17:00-18:00 once; the feeding reference time when feeding is divided into 1 time every day is as follows: 16:30-17:30 once.
The feed in the embodiment is expanded feed for preventing liver and gall syndrome, and the expanded feed for preventing liver and gall syndrome comprises the following specific components: 30% of TASA super fish meal, 6% of methane tropina, 6% of eupolyphaga (insect protein powder), 12% of fermented soybean meal, 5% of collagen powder, 5% of soybean protein concentrate, 8% of wheat flour, 6% of tapioca starch, 0.08% of L-methionine, 0.22% of L-lysine, 5% of rice bran, 3% of squid paste, 7% of fish oil, 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 2% of mineral premix, 1% of vitamin premix, 0.8% of vitamin C phosphate, 0.1% of mildew preventive and 0.8% of compound glycolipid metabolism activator. The components are the mass percent of the feed.
The compound glycolipid metabolism activator is formed by compounding choline chloride, bile acid, tributyrin, glucoside tannin, bacillus lactis, polygonum cuspidatum, resveratrol, berberine and the like according to a certain proportion; the preferable mass percentages of the components in the compound glycolipid metabolism activator in the feed are as follows: 0.1% choline chloride, 0.1% bile acid, 0.15% tributyrin, 0.15% glucoside, 0.05% bacillus lactis, 0.1% giant knotweed rhizome, 0.05% resveratrol and 0.1% berberine.
In this embodiment, the specification of the micropterus salmoides in the middle ten of 7 months can reach about 0.7 jin/tail, the specification at the end of 9 months can reach about 1.2 jin/tail, and the micropterus salmoides reach the specification on the market, so that the survival rate can be significantly improved by 20% and the cultivation period can be shortened by about 1.5 months compared with the general cultivation mode, and the hepatobiliary syndrome and the morbidity at the peak of cultivation can be effectively prevented, and the evaluation results of the cultivation effects of the novel feed and the novel cultivation method for three different micropterus salmoides stocking densities are respectively as shown in the following table 2-table 4:
TABLE 2 Effect of the novel Breeding method with stocking Density 1
TABLE 3-stocking Density 2 Effect of the novel cultivation method
TABLE 4-stocking Density 3 Effect of the novel cultivation method
From the comparison of the cultivation effect evaluation (fig. 1 and 2); under the functional feed and the culture mode of the invention, when the sale specification is reached, the average sale weight of 3 micropterus salmoides with different micropterus salmoides stocking densities is 602g, 561g and 501g respectively; under the cultivation mode of the traditional feed and the traditional cultivation method, when the sale specification is reached, the average sale weight of 3 micropterus salmoides with different micropterus salmoides stocking densities is 432g, 402g and 379g respectively; under the functional feed and the breeding mode, the survival rates of 3 micropterus salmoides in the whole period are 93.12%, 92.11% and 91.12% respectively at different stocking densities; under the breeding mode of the traditional feed and the traditional breeding method, the survival rates of 3 different micropterus salmoides in the whole period are 85.21%, 83.24% and 80.25% respectively.
In the embodiment, after the culture period is finished, HE staining and oil red O staining are performed on the liver of the micropterus salmoides in the traditional feed, the traditional culture mode, the functional feed and the culture mode; HE dyeing finds that the functional feed and the micropterus salmoides liver cells in the culture mode have clear outlines, complete structure and no obvious denaturation, necrosis and dissolution; the cell nucleus is not obviously enlarged, concentrated or steeped (figure 4), however, the liver cell of the micropterus salmoides in the traditional feed and traditional culture mode has unclear outline, damaged structure and obvious pathological characteristics such as inflammatory cell infiltration (figure 3); according to the oil red O staining, compared with the traditional feed and the traditional culture mode micropterus salmoides liver oil red O staining (figure 5), the pixel area of the functional feed and the culture mode micropterus salmoides liver lipid drop of the invention is obviously reduced (figure 6); therefore, the functional feed and the breeding mode can effectively protect the health state of the liver of the micropterus salmoides, remarkably improve the glycolipid metabolic capability of the liver of the micropterus salmoides and reduce the accumulation of liver fat.
Claims (10)
1. A functional feed for breeding micropterus salmoides is characterized by comprising expanded feed for preventing hepatobiliary syndrome, wherein the expanded feed for preventing hepatobiliary syndrome comprises fish meal, methane mycoprotein, collagen protein powder, soybean protein concentrate powder, a starch mixture, an amino acid mixture, a mineral substance premix, a vitamin premix and a compound glycolipid metabolism activator.
2. The functional feed for cultivating micropterus salmoides according to claim 1, wherein the puffed feed for preventing hepatobiliary syndrome further comprises tianchongyou, fermented soybean meal, rice bran, squid liver paste, fish oil, monocalcium phosphate, vitamin C phosphate and a mildew preventive.
3. The functional feed for cultivating micropterus salmoides as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amino acid mixture comprises L-methionine and L-lysine, and the mass ratio of the L-methionine to the L-lysine is 4: 11; the starch mixture comprises wheat flour and tapioca starch, wherein the mass ratio of the wheat flour to the tapioca starch is 4: 3.
4. The functional feed for culturing micropterus salmoides according to claim 2, wherein the expanded feed for preventing hepatobiliary syndrome comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of fish meal, 6% of methane tropina, 6% of eupolyphaga, 12% of fermented soybean meal, 5% of ossein protein powder, 5% of soybean concentrated protein powder, 14% of starch mixture, 0.3% of amino acid mixture, 5% of rice bran, 3% of squid paste, 7% of fish oil, 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 2% of mineral premix, 1% of vitamin premix, 0.8% of vitamin C phosphate, 0.1% of mildew preventive and 0.8% of compound glycolipid metabolism activator.
5. The functional feed for cultivating micropterus salmoides as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound glycolipid metabolism activator comprises choline chloride, bile acid, tributyrin, glucoside tannin, bacillus lactis, polygonum cuspidatum, resveratrol and berberine.
6. The functional feed for culturing micropterus salmoides as claimed in claim 5, wherein the weight percentages of the components in the compound glycolipid metabolism activator in the total weight of the expanded feed for preventing hepatobiliary syndrome are respectively as follows: 0.1% of choline chloride, 0.1% of bile acid, 0.15% of tributyrin, 0.15% of tannin, 0.05% of bacillus lactis, 0.1% of polygonum cuspidatum, 0.05% of resveratrol and 0.1% of berberine.
7. The method for cultivating the micropterus salmoides by using the functional feed for cultivating the micropterus salmoides as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) maintaining the stability of the water body culture environment in the culture pond: regulating and controlling the pH value of the water body to be 7.1-8.2, wherein the nitrite content is less than or equal to 0.30 mg/mL, the ammonia nitrogen content is less than or equal to 1.4 mg/mL, and the dissolved oxygen content is more than or equal to 4.5 mg/L;
2) controlling fry selection and release of micropterus salmoides: putting micropterus salmoides fry with specification more than or equal to 0.2 jin/tail into the culture pond every 4 months, wherein the stocking density is 1500-1800 fries/mu;
3) controlling feeding frequency and feeding amount: adjusting the feeding frequency and feeding amount of the feed according to the water temperature and dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture pond;
4) a solar oxygen increasing machine and a biological floating bed are arranged in the culture pond.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein said frequency of feeding is 1-4 times per day; the feeding amount is 1.0 to 3.5 percent of the total weight of micropterus salmoides fed every day; feeding for at least 5 months; specifically, the mouth of the culture pond is sampled once every week, the total weight of cultured micropterus salmoides is estimated, and the feeding amount of the feed is calculated according to the estimated total weight of the micropterus salmoides at the last time.
9. The method for micropterus salmoides cultivation according to claim 7, wherein the biological floating bed is specifically set as follows: 2-4 water areas of 2m per mu of aquaculture pond2The biological floating bed is planted with aquatic plants; the biological floating bed is made of fiber reinforced plastics or foamed polystyrene materials; the solar aerator upgrades the energy storage of a storage battery with the time of more than or equal to 1 hour on the basis of utilizing solar energy as direct power to drive the aerator to operate; when the sun is in existence, solar energy is used as direct power to drive the oxygen aeration machine to operate, and when the sun is rainy, the storage battery is remotely started to drive the oxygen aeration machine to operate if necessary.
10. The method for cultivating micropterus salmoides as claimed in claim 7, wherein the feeding frequency and feeding amount of the feed are adjusted according to the water temperature and dissolved oxygen in the cultivation pond by the following specific adjustment method:
1) feeding functional feed with the total amount of 1.0% of the weight of the micropterus salmoides every day by 2 times based on the water temperature of 9 th day if the water temperature is less than or equal to 15 ℃;
2) feeding the functional feed with the total amount of 2.0 percent of the weight of the micropterus salmoides by 3 times if the water temperature is 15-23 ℃ by using the water temperature of 9 hours in the morning;
3) feeding the functional feed with the total weight of 3.5 percent of the weight of the micropterus salmoides for 4 times every day by using the water temperature of 9 ℃ in the morning;
4) feeding the functional feed with a feeding amount of 2.0% of the weight of the micropterus salmoides for 2 times a day by using the water temperature of 9 ℃ in the morning, wherein the water temperature is 30-33 ℃;
5) using the water temperature of 9 hours in the morning, if the water temperature is more than or equal to 33 ℃, splashing VC before feeding, feeding 1 time or stopping feeding the functional feed with the daily feeding amount of 1.0 percent of the weight of the Micropterus salmoides;
6) when the dissolved oxygen in the water body is more than 4.5mg/L, the feeding strategy only needs to be based on the water temperature feeding method in 1) -5);
7) at any water temperature, when the dissolved oxygen in the water body is between 3.0mg/L and 4.5mg/L, the daily feeding amount of the feed is 1.0 percent of the weight of the micropterus salmoides, and the distribution feeding frequency can be determined according to the water temperature feeding strategy from 1) to 5);
8) no matter at any water temperature, stopping feeding when the dissolved oxygen in the water body is lower than 3.0mg/L, increasing oxygen, and feeding when the dissolved oxygen meets corresponding requirements, wherein the feeding strategy is according to 1) to 7);
9) the feeding mode follows the principle of a few times: the feeding reference time when feeding is divided into 4 times every day is as follows: once at 6:00, once at 10:00, once at 14:00, and once at 18: 00; the feeding reference time when feeding is divided into 3 times every day is as follows: 7:00 once, 12:00 once, 18:00 once; the feeding reference time when feeding is divided into 2 times every day is as follows: 7:00-8:00 once, 17:00-18:00 once; the feeding reference time when feeding is divided into 1 time every day is as follows: 16:30-17:30 once;
and 1) sampling the mouth of the culture pond once every week in detail in the 9), estimating the total weight of cultured micropterus salmoides, and feeding the feed according to the estimated total weight of the micropterus salmoides at the last time.
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