CN102960582B - Protein-saving compound feed for young megalobrama amblycephalas and preparation method of protein-saving compound feed - Google Patents
Protein-saving compound feed for young megalobrama amblycephalas and preparation method of protein-saving compound feed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a protein-saving compound feed for young megalobrama amblycephalas and a preparation method of the protein-saving compound feed. The feed is mainly prepared from the following raw materials: 3-5% of fish meal, 17-22% of soybean meal, 10-15% of rapeseed meal, 10-15% of cottonseed meal, 8-10% of peanut meal, 3-5% of whole-milk extruded soybean, 5-8% of whole-milk vegetable seed, 5-8% fermented cottonseed meal, 3-5% of corn lee protein, 8-10% of wheat bran, 8-10% of wheat shorts, 1-2% of alpha-starch, 0.05-0.1% of bile acid and salt emulsifying agent, 0.015-0.03% of glycyrrhetinic acid, 1% of monocalcium phosphate and 1% of compound-premix for intensively-cultured fishes. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: stirring the raw materials in a stirring machine and introducing steam to prepare grains with the grain size of 1-2mm, and then, dewatering and cooling to the room temperature. By using the protein-saving compound feed for the young megalobrama amblycephalas, provided by the invention, the problem of unbalanced nutrition of the compound feed in the current culture of the young megalobrama amblycephalas is solved, the physical conditionof the of the young megalobrama amblycephalas is improved, the growth speed of the young megalobrama amblycephalas and the feed utilization ratio are increased, and the feed production cost and the pollution to a water body in the culture process can be reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture, nutrition regulation and feed processing technology field, relate to a kind of albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Megalobrama amblycephala is fresh water phytophage cyprinid fish, is commonly called as blunt snout bream, originates in Ezhou, Hubei Liangzi Lake, mainly is distributed in the hydrostatic lake of the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River.This fish is one of important phytophage economic fish of China, because its feeding habits are wide, survival rate is high, be easy to fish for, breeding cycle is short, and have little, contain the advantages such as the meat rate is high, nutritious, delicious meat is delicate, thereby generally promote in the whole nation as good herbivorous fishes kind.By China Fisheries statistical yearbook in 2011 as can be known, except Tibet and Qinghai two provinces especially, this fish all has distribution in other provinces and cities of China or area, is one of important cultured freshwater fish of China.The total output of China's megalobrama amblycephala in 2010 has reached 652,215 tons, occupies the 6th in national cultured freshwater fish, has increased by 4.22% than 2009, realizes steady-state growth for years.At present, this kind has ranked among the row of domestic main cultured fishes.
In China's traditional extensive style cultivation, megalobrama amblycephala is often arranged in pairs or groups with grass carp together and is put in a suitable place to breed, cultivates mainly as the complementary goods of grass carp.In breeding process, use also mostly be the mixed feed of raising together with fish meal or grass carp and a certain amount of water plant of arranging in pairs or groups is replenished, there is no specially the mixed feed for the megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish.In recent years, megalobrama amblycephala has become the best selling variety of China's fish market, and intensive and large-scale cultivation degree improves constantly, and cultured output is also soaring year by year.Yet; because the nutritional need to this fish is understood less; therefore there is the unreasonable situation of serious nutrition-allocated proportion in the mixed feed that uses in actual breeding process; the problem such as cause under scale and the intensive culture pattern that this fish has occurred that the juvenile fish death rate is higher, the speed of growth is slow, efficiency of feed utilization is low, fish body fat over-deposit and breeding water body are seriously polluted has already caused great economic loss and water environment has also been caused pollution and destruction to a certain degree for China's Fish-water Fish Farming.Therefore, the research of its nutritional requirement and nutritional physiology had great importance.
Protein is the most key nutriment that determines fish growth, also is to spend the best part in the feed cost simultaneously.When protein content is not enough in the feed, will reduce the speed of growth and the efficiency of feed utilization of fish; And when protein content was too high, the part that exceeds the fish needs will be used as energy and consume, and this not only makes the production cost of feed increase, and causes the waste of protein, and the ammonia nitrogen that excretes also can pollute breeding water body.Therefore, no matter be from Economic View or environmental angle, reduce the protein level in the feed, and improve fish the utilization rate of protein is significant.Studies show that in a large number, the digestible energy content that suitably improves in the fish feed can reduce the addition of protein and improve it to the utilization rate of protein, namely reaches the purpose of saving protein.At present, compare with other main foster freshwater fishes, the nutrient research of megalobrama amblycephala still comparatively lacks, and visible report only concentrates on it on the suitable demand of juvenile fish stage to protein and fat, its suitable egg can than with and whether can utilize non-protein energy to save protein then also unclear.In addition, non-protein energy mainly is to be provided by the fat and sugar class, and the suitable sugared demand of megalobrama amblycephala prelarva there is not yet report, and it utilizes ability also unclear to these two kinds of nutrients, so the suitable configuration proportion of these two kinds of nutrients also has no way of learning in the non-protein energy.
As the fresh water herbivorous fishes, megalobrama amblycephala is compared carnivorous lower with ominivore-fish to the demand of protein.Yet, the protein content in the megalobrama amblycephala mixed feed standard of China in the regulation megalobrama amblycephala fry feed should 〉=35%.According to our result of the test, this has in fact exceeded its suitable demand to protein.This part unnecessary protein can be used as energy and consume in body, this has not only caused the waste of feed resource, more can cause increasing and then polluted water of ammonia excretion thing in the water body.In recent years, protein raw material its price that causes increasingly in short supply is constantly soaring, and too high protein content can cause the rising of production of fodder cost, and then reduces the economic benefit of aquaculture.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the problems such as the production of fodder cost that occurs for megalobrama amblycephala in the scale that proposes in the prior art and the intensive culture process is higher, the juvenile fish death rate is higher, efficiency of feed utilization is low, fish body fat over-deposit and breeding water body are seriously polluted the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young and preparation method thereof.
Technical scheme: in order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention, and the technical scheme that adopts is:
A kind of albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young is mainly obtained according to the percentage by weight preparation by following raw material: fish meal 3～5%, dregs of beans 17～22%, the dish dregs of rice 10～15%, cotton dregs 10～15%, peanut meal 8～10%, full-fat extruded soybean 3～5%, full-cream vegetable seed 5～8%, fermentation cotton dregs 5～8%, maize alcohol stillage albumen 3～5%, wheat bran 8～10%, inferior powder 8～10%, alphalise starch 1～2%, bile salt emulsifying agent 0.05～0.1%, enoxolone 0.015～0.03%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1% and intensive culture fish compound premix 1%.
Comprise following nutrient and level in the above-mentioned mixed feed: but crude protein 27～31%, crude fat 5～8% digestible saccharide 28～35%, and total energy 17～19MJ/kg, egg can be than 17.0～19.0g/MJ, glycolipid than 4.0～6.0.
Preferred as feed Raw of the present invention, the percentage by weight of each raw material is respectively: fish meal 3%, dregs of beans 20%, the dish dregs of rice 15%, cotton dregs 10%, peanut meal 10%, full-fat extruded soybean 4%, full-cream vegetable seed 6%, fermentation cotton dregs 5%, maize alcohol stillage albumen 4%, wheat bran 10%, inferior powder 9%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, bile salt emulsifying agent 0.1%, enoxolone 0.03%, alphalise starch 1.87% and intensive culture fish compound premix 1%, above percentage is percetage by weight.
Among the present invention, by can be than with the research of glycolipid ratio and utilize non-protein energy to save the discussion of the feasibility of protein to the suitable egg of megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish, the present invention innovatively can be than carrying out the reasonably optimizing preparation with the glycolipid ratio with the egg in the feed, and added on this basis a certain proportion of fatty conditioning agent, thereby reach the protein content that reduces in the megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young, reduce the production cost of feed, improve its survival rate, improve the speed of growth, reduce feed coefficient, reduce fish fat deposition amount, improve protein efficiency ratio, PER, improve the retention rate of nitrogen phosphorus and energy and then alleviate the purpose that breeding water body is polluted.
The preparation method of above-mentioned albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young, the method may further comprise the steps:
1) requirement according to percentage by weight takes by weighing each raw material, and is for subsequent use;
2) raw materials such as dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, cotton dregs, peanut meal, full-fat extruded soybean, full-cream vegetable seed, fermentation cotton dregs, maize alcohol stillage albumen, wheat bran and calcium dihydrogen phosphate are pulverized respectively, pulverized, then put into mixing machine to mix;
3) fish meal, inferior powder, alphalise starch, bile salt emulsifying agent, enoxolone and intensive culture fish compound premix being carried out preliminary premixed, and then put into mixing machine and step 2) mixed material continues to mix and obtains mixture;
4) add entry in the mixture that obtains to step 3) again, wherein the water yield be in the step 1) all raw material gross weights 5～10%, heating makes the temperature of mixture remain on 90～95 ℃, and proceeds to stir and evenly mix 5min simultaneously, namely obtains mixture;
5) with granulator with above-mentioned steps 4) in the mixture that obtains make the particle that particle diameter is 1～2mm;
6) with air-cooler dehydration, cooling and dry, make the water content (mass percent is take air-dry sample as the basis) of particle be controlled at 10～14%, namely make this albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young.
Step 2) in, the granularity requirements that raw material is pulverized is that raw material all is not more than 20% by 40 mesh sieves (0.425mm sieve aperture) and in the oversize percetage by weight of 60 mesh sieves (0.250mm sieve aperture).
Temperature dry in the step 6) is 30～35 ℃, and the time is 5～8min.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the present invention fills a prescription and is analyzed mensuration through prescription and nutritional labeling with commercially available bream compound feed, prove that this feed has the following advantages: (one) this prescription forms megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish nutritional need and feedstuff digestibility are carried out comprehensive and systematic Research foundation, its material combination and nutrition-allocated proportion are more balanced and reasonable, have widely experiment basis and scientific basis; (2) content of its crude protein is relatively low, and is lower by 3～6% than commercially available bream feed, so production cost is also relatively low; (3) it has used a certain proportion of full-fat extruded soybean, full-cream vegetable seed and fermentation cotton dregs, and is less to the dependence of the expensive animals and plants albumen such as fish meal, dregs of beans and fish oil and fat source, has further reduced production cost; (4) it has added the fatty conditioning agent of suitable proportion, has avoided the over-deposit of fish body fat; (5) used raw material is the common feedstuff that is produced on a large scale in China, and its production technology is also similar with pellet with general fish, is convenient to large-scale promotion.
The present invention's prescription is measured through the analysis of outdoor cage culture test and indoor physical and chemical index, prove that this mixed feed has the following advantages: (one) can significantly reduce the feed coefficient of megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish and improve its protein efficiency ratio, save to a certain extent the addition of protein in the feed and raising phase to the utilization rate of feed, and then reduce aquaculture cost; (2) can significantly improve the rate of body weight gain of megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish, improve its growth performance, Shortening culturing period and Time To Market; (3) can significantly improve the megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish to the retention rate of the nutriments such as energy, nitrogen and phosphorus, reduce residual bait amount and to the nitrogen phosphorus emission in the breeding water body and then alleviate pollution to water body; (4) can significantly reduce the fat content of fish body, avoid the excessive accumulation of fat in the muscle; (5) can significantly reduce daily ration and form stress reaction, the liver dysfunction degree that reduces the fish body that the megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish is caused, improve the non-specific immunity of body, and finally improve it during cultivating and fish for transportation in survival rate.
Used raw material is the common feedstuff that is produced on a large scale in China in the present invention's prescription; and the use amount to the higher animal protein of the prices such as fish meal and fish oil and grease is less; manufacture craft is also relatively simple, but therefore have draw materials conveniently, the advantage such as cheap and large-scale industrial production.At present, this product has carried out small-scale applying in Jiangsu feed a part enterprise, the result show its can reduce to a certain extent the production cost of feed, improve the megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish survival rate, reduce feed coefficient, improve its protein utilization and the speed of growth, the ammonia nitrogen discharge capacity in the reduction breeding process, the culture benefit that reduces fish body fat content and Shortening culturing period and finally improve it.
The specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.Should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention, can also make some modification and improvement, these also should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The preferred weight percent of each raw material is got in the albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young provided by the invention: fish meal 3%, dregs of beans 20%, the dish dregs of rice 15%, cotton dregs 10%, peanut meal 10%, full-fat extruded soybean 4%, full-cream vegetable seed 6%, fermentation cotton dregs 5%, maize alcohol stillage albumen 4%, wheat bran 10%, inferior powder 9%, bile salt emulsifying agent 0.1%, enoxolone 0.03%, alphalise starch 1.87%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1% and intensive culture fish compound premix 1%.It comprises following nutrient and level: but moisture 10%, crude protein 31%, crude fat 6% digestible saccharide 33%, total energy 18.6MJ/kg, egg can than 17.1g/MJ, glycolipid than 5.5, coarse ash 9%, crude fibre 11%.
The method that a kind of albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young prescription provided by the invention is made mixed feed is carried out according to the following steps:
A, take by weighing above-mentioned all feeds raw material according to the requirement of each raw material weight percentage in the albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young prescription;
B, the raw materials such as dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, cotton dregs, peanut meal, full-fat extruded soybean, full-cream vegetable seed, fermentation cotton dregs, maize alcohol stillage albumen, wheat bran and calcium dihydrogen phosphate are pulverized respectively, the granularity requirements of pulverizing is that raw material all is not more than 20% by 40 mesh sieves (0.425mm sieve aperture) and in the oversize percetage by weight of 60 mesh sieves (0.250mm sieve aperture), then puts into mixing machine and mixes;
C, fish meal, inferior powder, alphalise starch, bile salt emulsifying agent, enoxolone and intensive culture fish compound premix being carried out preliminary premixed, and then put into mixing machine and step 2) mixed material continues to mix;
D, add a certain amount of water again, wherein the water yield be in the steps A all components gross weight 5～10%, heating makes the temperature of mixture remain on 90～95 ℃, and proceeds to stir and evenly mix 5min simultaneously, namely obtains mixture;
E, with granulator said mixture is made the particle that particle diameter is 1～2mm;
F, also dry with air-cooler dehydration, cooling, dry temperature is 30～35 ℃, the time is 5～8min.Make the water content (this water content is mass percent, take air-dry sample as the basis) of particle be controlled at 10～14%, namely make this albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young.
Embodiment 2
A, get 0.1 kilogram of 0.3 kilogram of fish meal, 2.0 kilograms of dregs of beans, 1.4 kilograms of the dish dregs of rice, 1.0 kilograms of cotton dregs, 1.0 kilograms of peanut meals, 0.5 kilogram of full-fat extruded soybean, 0.6 kilogram of full-cream vegetable seed, 0.6 kilogram of cotton dregs of fermentation, 0.4 kilogram in maize alcohol stillage albumen, 0.9 kilogram of wheat bran, 0.9 kilogram in inferior powder, 0.01 kilogram of bile salt emulsifying agent, 0.003 kilogram of enoxolone, 0.187 kilogram of alphalise starch, 0.1 kilogram of calcium dihydrogen phosphate and intensive culture fish compound premix, wherein calcium dihydrogen phosphate and intensive culture fish compound premix are all herded animal science and technology research institute available from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province China; It comprises following nutrient and level: but moisture 11%, crude protein 28%, crude fat 8% digestible saccharide 32%, total energy 16.5MJ/kg, egg can than 17.1g/MJ, glycolipid than 4, coarse ash 9.5%, crude fibre 12%.
B, the raw materials such as dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, cotton dregs, peanut meal, full-fat extruded soybean, full-cream vegetable seed, fermentation cotton dregs, maize alcohol stillage albumen, wheat bran and calcium dihydrogen phosphate are pulverized respectively, grinding particle size requires all to be not more than 20% by the oversize percetage by weight of 40 mesh sieves (0.425mm sieve aperture), 60 mesh sieves (0.250mm sieve aperture) for raw material, then puts into mixing machine and mixes;
C, fish meal, inferior powder, alphalise starch, bile salt emulsifying agent, enoxolone and intensive culture fish compound premix being carried out preliminary premixed, and then put into mixing machine and step 2) mixed material continues to mix;
D, add a certain amount of water again, wherein the water yield be in the steps A all components gross weight 5～10%, heating makes the temperature of mixture remain on 90～95 ℃, and proceeds to stir and evenly mix 5min simultaneously, namely obtains mixture;
E, with granulator said mixture is made the particle that particle diameter is 1～2mm;
F, also dry with air-cooler dehydration, cooling, baking temperature is 30～35 ℃, the time is 5～8min, makes the water content (mass percent is take air-dry sample as the basis) of particle be controlled at 10～14%, namely makes this albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young.
Embodiment 3: substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is composition of raw materials, and the percentage by weight of each raw material is respectively: fish meal 5%, dregs of beans 22%, the dish dregs of rice 10%, cotton dregs 15%, peanut meal 8%, full-fat extruded soybean 3%, full-cream vegetable seed 5%, fermentation cotton dregs 8%, maize alcohol stillage albumen 3%, wheat bran 8%, inferior powder 9%, alphalise starch 1.93%, bile salt emulsifying agent 0.05%, enoxolone 0.02%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1% and intensive culture fish compound premix 1%.
Embodiment 4: substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is composition of raw materials, and the percentage by weight of each raw material is respectively: fish meal 5%, dregs of beans 17%, the dish dregs of rice 11%, cotton dregs 13%, peanut meal 9%, full-fat extruded soybean 5%, full-cream vegetable seed 8%, fermentation cotton dregs 7%, maize alcohol stillage albumen 5%, wheat bran 8%, inferior powder 8%, alphalise starch 1.89%, bile salt emulsifying agent 0.095%, enoxolone 0.015%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1% and intensive culture fish compound premix 1%.
Embodiment 5: substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is composition of raw materials, and the percentage by weight of each raw material is respectively: fish meal 3%, dregs of beans 20%, the dish dregs of rice 14%, cotton dregs 10%, peanut meal 10%, full-fat extruded soybean 5%, full-cream vegetable seed 6%, fermentation cotton dregs 6%, maize alcohol stillage albumen 4%, wheat bran 9%, inferior powder 9.87%, alphalise starch 1%, bile salt emulsifying agent 0.1%, enoxolone 0.03%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1% and intensive culture fish compound premix 1%.
Embodiment 6: substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is composition of raw materials, and the percentage by weight of each raw material is respectively: fish meal 3%, dregs of beans 19%, the dish dregs of rice 14%, cotton dregs 10%, peanut meal 10%, full-fat extruded soybean 5%, full-cream vegetable seed 6%, fermentation cotton dregs 6%, maize alcohol stillage albumen 4%, wheat bran 9%, inferior powder 10%, alphalise starch 1.87%, bile salt emulsifying agent 0.1%, enoxolone 0.03%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1% and intensive culture fish compound premix 1%.
1, outdoor breeding test and cultivation interpretation of result:
(carry out among specification: the 100m * 50m), test megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish is taken from the national aquatic products seed farm in Yangzhou, Jiangsu in the pond in base, fishery machinery instrument research institute Songjiang, China Aquatic Science Research Institute Shanghai for outdoor breeding test.After supporting temporarily, with the juvenile fish of the healthy and strong neat specification of 6000 urosome lattice (initial weight: 1.76 ± 0.04g) be randomized into 20 net cages (among specification: 2.0m * 1.0m * 1.0m), each net cage 300 tail.Culture experiment comprises two groups altogether: experimental group and control group, every group of 10 repetitions.Wherein, the throw something and feed albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young of preparation among the embodiment 1 of experimental group, the control group control group of throwing something and feeding is thrown the bream special compound feed that becomes group to produce by the sky, Jiangsu.Experimental period is first arrival in July at the beginning of 10 months, the ingesting and death condition of megalobrama amblycephala in the duration of test observed and recorded net cage, and the analysis that collected specimens was carried out next step after culture experiment finished is measured.Concrete grouping information and result of the test see Table shown in 1,2.
Table 1 uses the mixed feed of being made by embodiment 1 to carry out the grouping situation that megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish outdoor breeding is tested
Table 2 uses the mixed feed of being made by embodiment 1 to carry out the growth performance result that megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish outdoor breeding is tested
| Project | Control group | Experimental group |
| Survival rate (%) | 83.4±2.6 a | 95.6±1.8 b |
| Rate of body weight gain (%) | 2949±60 a | 3681±123 b |
| Feed coefficient | 1.68±0.02 b | 1.34±0.04 a |
| Protein efficiency ratio | 2.07±0.07 a | 2.61±0.06 b |
| Nitrogen retention rate (%) | 30.3±1.3 a | 41.9±0.9 b |
| Phosphorus retention rate (%) | 28.1±0.1 a | 37.8±1.5 b |
| Energy retention rate (%) | 26.6±1.2 a | 32.0±2.4 b |
| The liver body is than (%) | 1.97±0.10 b | 1.43±0.15 a |
| Abdomen fat rate (%) | 5.02±0.50 b | 3.01±0.34 a |
| Dressing percentage (%) | 72.3±3.1 | 75.9±4.8 |
| Full fish fats content (%) | 11.07±1.05 b | 8.30±0.33 a |
| Full fish protein content (%) | 16.7±2.0 | 18.4±3.3 |
| Muscle fat content (%) | 3.60±0.24 b | 2.53±0.25 a |
| Muscle protein content (%) | 19.4±0.9 | 20.3±0.6 |
Through 3 months cage culture, the growth performance of megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish the results are shown in Table shown in 2.Control group and experimental group data are the average ± standard error of numerical value in 10 net cages.Wherein, all take bright sample as the basis, the computing formula of other indexs is as follows for the Oil content and Protein content during body forms:
Survival rate (%)=survival fish tail number * 100%/put in a suitable place to breed fish tail number
Rate of body weight gain (%)=(opisthosoma weight-first body weight) * 100%/first body weight
Dressing percentage (%)=carcass weight * 100%/body weight
The liver body is than heavy * 100% body weight of (%)=liver
Feed coefficient=food ration/(opisthosoma weight-first body weight)
Protein efficiency ratio=(opisthosoma weight-first body weight)/(food ration * crude protein content of feed
Nitrogen/energy/phosphorus retention rate (%)=[(opisthosoma weight * fish recuperate minute content-first body weight * fish recuperate minute content)] * 100%/(food ration * feed nutrient content)
As shown in Table 2, the survival rate of experimental group, rate of body weight gain, protein efficiency ratio, nitrogen retention rate, phosphorus retention rate and energy retention rate all are significantly higher than control group (P＜0.05), and its feed coefficient then significantly is lower than control group (P＜0.05).This shows, behind the albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young of use by making among the embodiment 1, the survival rate of megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish, the speed of growth, efficiency of feed utilization and nutrient retention rate all significantly improve, and also significantly reduce to the waste situation of feed with to the discharge capacity of the elements such as Water phosphorus.In addition, the fat content in the liver body ratio of experimental group, abdomen fat rate and full fish and the muscle all significantly reduces, and the protein content in dressing percentage, full fish and the muscle all has rising in various degree.This shows, uses by the albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young of making among the embodiment 1 and can improve to a certain extent the edible part ratio of megalobrama amblycephala and improve its meat quality.Above result reflects from the side, compare with commercially available bream compound feed, the raw material of this feed choose and configuration proportion more in science, the feed proportioning between more suitable, each nutrient of the content of each nutritional labeling also more reasonable.Therefore, the megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish is also relatively high to its utilization rate, and the economic benefit of cultivation is also better.
2, indoor culture test and interpretation of result:
The indoor culture test is carried out in the indoor circulation cultivating system of Agricultural University Of Nanjing's special economic animal and aquatic products system.Test megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish is taken from the national aquatic products seed farm in Yangzhou, Jiangsu.Select that 800 urosome lattice are healthy and strong, the juvenile fish of neat specification (initial weight: 6.61 ± 0.03g) be randomized into 16 indoor water tanks capable of circulation (specification: 480L), every case 50 tails.Test comprises two groups altogether: experimental group and control group, every group of 8 repetitions.Wherein, the throw something and feed albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young of preparation among the embodiment 2 of experimental group, control group is thrown the bream special compound feed that becomes group to produce by the sky, Jiangsu.Experimental period is July first arrival mid-September, totally 10 weeks.Duration of test is observed ingesting and growing state of megalobrama amblycephala, and collected specimens was carried out next step analysis mensuration after culture experiment finished.In addition, every cylinder is random to be taken out 20 tail fishes and carries out Aeromonas hydrophila and attack poison, finally add up its in 10 days cumulative mortality and calculate survival rate.Concrete grouping information is shown in Table 3, and result of the test is shown in Table 4.
Table 3 uses the mixed feed of being made by embodiment 2 to carry out the grouping situation that megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish outdoor breeding is tested
Table 4 uses the mixed feed of being made by embodiment 2 to carry out the result of the test that megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish indoor culture is tested
| Project | Control group | Experimental group |
| Blood-sugar content (mmol/L) | 4.05±0.77 | 3.64±0.23 |
| Plasma cortisol (ng/ml) | 237±35 | 186±20 |
| PGOT active (U/L) | 3.89±0.71 b | 2.24±0.28 a |
| Blood plasma gpt activity (U/L) | 1.97±0.12 b | 0.46±0.04 a |
| The total superoxide dismutase activity of liver (U/mg) | 64.0±7.2 | 55.4±2.4 |
| CAT activity of liver (U/mg) | 46.8±1.1 b | 38.1±0.6 a |
| Liver activity of glutathione peroxidase (U/mg) | 32.6±2.2 b | 26.2±0.7 a |
| Liver reductive glutathione content (mg/g) | 2.59±0.05 a | 3.46±0.12 b |
| Hepatic lipid peroxidation thing content (nmol/mg) | 15.7±0.8 b | 7.2±0.5 a |
| Blood plasma antalzyme activity (U/ml) | 247±10 a | 365±8 b |
| Blood plasma complement ACH50 vigor (U/ml) | 141±26 a | 280±5 b |
| Blood plasma total protein content (g/L) | 10.1±0.6 a | 14.9±1.4 b |
| Aeromonas hydrophila is attacked the survival rate (%) behind the poison | 40.8±5.6 a | 60±4.8 b |
As shown in Table 4, the PGOT of experimental group and gpt activity, liver catalase and activity of glutathione peroxidase and lipid peroxide contents all significantly are lower than control group (P＜0.05), the content of liver reduced glutathione, blood plasma lysozyme activity, ACH50 vigor, blood plasma total protein content and attack poison after survival rate then all be significantly higher than control group (P＜0.05).In addition, compare with control group, the blood-sugar content of test group and cortisol levels are all lower.This shows, compare with commercially available bream compound feed, use by the albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young of making among the embodiment 2 can alleviate to a certain extent daily ration forms stress reaction that the megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish is caused, significantly reduce the metabolism burden of fish body and liver dysfunction degree, alleviation body oxidative damage, improve the non-specific immunity of body, and finally improve it to the resistivity of Aeromonas hydrophila.Above result reflects from the side, compare with commercially available bream compound feed, the raw material of this feed choose and configuration proportion more in science, the feed proportioning between more suitable, each nutrient of the content of each nutritional labeling also more reasonable.Therefore, its metabolism burden that megalobrama amblycephala juvenile fish is caused is less, degree of injury to liver function is also lighter, the health status of body is also comparatively good, will reduce like this its fish for and the process such as transportation in to the fish body cause stress and damage, and then reduce its death rate, the final economic benefit that improves cultivation.
Claims (5)
1. albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young, it is characterized in that, mainly obtained according to the percentage by weight preparation by following raw material: fish meal 3～5%, dregs of beans 17～22%, the dish dregs of rice 10～15%, cotton dregs 10～15%, peanut meal 8～10%, full-fat extruded soybean 3～5%, full-cream vegetable seed 5～8%, fermentation cotton dregs 5～8%, maize alcohol stillage albumen 3～5%, wheat bran 8～10%, inferior powder 8～10%, alphalise starch 1～2%, bile salt emulsifying agent 0.05～0.1%, enoxolone 0.015～0.03%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1% and intensive culture fish compound premix 1%.
2. albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young according to claim 1, the percentage by weight that it is characterized in that each raw material is respectively: fish meal 3%, dregs of beans 20%, the dish dregs of rice 15%, cotton dregs 10%, peanut meal 10%, full-fat extruded soybean 4%, full-cream vegetable seed 6%, fermentation cotton dregs 5%, maize alcohol stillage albumen 4%, wheat bran 10%, inferior powder 9%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, bile salt emulsifying agent 0.1%, enoxolone 0.03%, alphalise starch 1.87% and intensive culture fish compound premix 1%, above percentage is percetage by weight.
3. the preparation method of albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the method may further comprise the steps:
1) requirement according to percentage by weight takes by weighing each raw material, and is for subsequent use;
2) raw materials such as dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, cotton dregs, peanut meal, full-fat extruded soybean, full-cream vegetable seed, fermentation cotton dregs, maize alcohol stillage albumen, wheat bran and calcium dihydrogen phosphate are pulverized respectively, pulverized, then put into mixing machine to mix;
3) fish meal, inferior powder, alphalise starch, bile salt emulsifying agent, enoxolone and intensive culture fish compound premix being carried out preliminary premixed, and then put into mixing machine and step 2) mixed material continues to mix and obtains mixture;
4) add entry in the mixture that obtains to step 3) again, wherein the water yield be in the step 1) all raw material gross weights 5～10%, heating makes the temperature of mixture remain on 90～95 ℃, and proceeds to stir and evenly mix 5min simultaneously, namely obtains mixture;
5) with granulator with above-mentioned steps 4) in the mixture that obtains make the particle that particle diameter is 1～2mm;
6) with air-cooler dehydration, cooling and dry, make the water content of particle be controlled at 10～14%, namely make this albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young; Above-mentioned water content is mass percent, take air-dry sample as the basis.
4. the preparation method of albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, step 2) in, the granularity requirements that raw material is pulverized is that raw material is 40 mesh sieves of 0.425mm by sieve aperture all, and is that substance weight percentage on 60 mesh sieves of 0.250mm is not more than 20% at sieve aperture.
5. the preparation method of albumen economizing type megalobrama amblycephala compound feed for young according to claim 3 is characterized in that, temperature dry in the step 6) is 30～35 ℃, and the time is 5～8min.
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| CN105265855A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-01-27 | 万仕军 | Small bream feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN105851692A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-08-17 | 广州市海维饲料有限公司 | Large-scale grass carp compound feed |
| CN105851691A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-08-17 | 广州市海维饲料有限公司 | Special feed for oreochromis mossambicus before overwintering |
| CN112401085B (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2022-02-01 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Preparation method and application of feed for reducing fat deposition rate of freshwater fishes |
| CN108185223B (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2021-11-30 | 南京农业大学 | Carbohydrate feed for improving growth of megalobrama amblycephala and preparation method thereof |
| CN112314776A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-05 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Feed for breeding megalobrama amblycephala and breeding method thereof |
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