CN1218656C - Preparing method for left-eyed flounder compound feed - Google Patents
Preparing method for left-eyed flounder compound feed Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a preparing method of a compound feed additive for left-eyed flounders. The additive is prepared from enzyme preparation, probiotics and immunopotentiator, wherein the enzyme preparation is a compound enzyme combined by protease, lipase, amylase and cellulase, and the dosage of the enzyme preparation is 3 g/kg; the probiotics is bacillus preparation whose dosage is 0.1 to 0.2 g/kg; the immunopotentiator is composed of 300 mg/kg of vitamin V<E>, 60 g/kg of fish oil, and chitosan added simultaneously, and the dosage of the immunopotentiator is 0.5 g/kg. The compound feed prepared from the additive can prompt the growth of the left-eyed flounders, and can enhance the utilization, the production performance and the product quality of feed; simultaneously, the compound feed has the function of pharmic additives, can reinforce the immune function of bodies of the left-eyed flounders, and can prevent animal disease; besides, the compound feed does no potential harm to human health, and causes no environmental pollution. The present invention can be extensively applied to the aquiculture production of the left-eyed flounders, and can enable the growth rate of the left-eyed flounders to rise by 50%, the survival rate to rise by 30%, the feed conversion rate to rise by 25%, and the feed coefficients to reach 1.13.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the preparation technique of marine fish culture mixed feed, is a kind of compound left-eyed flounder feed.
Background technology:
Before the present invention made, growth accelerator was used widely at fowl poultry kind, and developed countries such as European Union have realized " greenization " of animal products.Because fish belong to aquatile, its digestion mechanism and mammality, livestock and poultry are different, so many additives that is used for livestock and poultry do not have effect fish.External few to the report of lefteye flounder growth accelerator, developed country uses the prophylactic generation of vaccine usually in the fish culture process, ban use of antibiotic.Growth accelerator is used widely in the freshwater fish breed at home in recent years, but be mostly the product of country's forbiddings such as olaquindox, steroids and antibiotics, 0.5 ‰ olaquindoxs of reporting as (1991) such as the leaf Jin Yun of Zhejiang Province's fresh water research institute can make a grass carp speed of growth raising in age about 15%.The Liu Zong of Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of oceanography posts in 1998 etc. make an addition to the lefteye flounder 45 days of feeding in the feed with salmon growth hormone, and its rate of body weight gain improves 35.5%, but the additive of steroids comes hidden danger for the food safety belt.Along with sustainable growth in more than 20 year of China's culture fishery and development, the quantity of aquatic products is greatly improved, and people more and more are concerned about nutrition and healthy problem, and are more and more stricter to the safety and health request of aquatic products.In addition, China joined WTO, if the safety problem of aquatic products does not solve, domestic aquatic products just go out not go, and external aquatic products constantly pour in, this will influence the development of China's culture fishery.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of new lefteye flounder feed addictive, use the mixed feed that adds this additive, the lefteye flounder of feeding, can improve the speed of growth of lefteye flounder and to the resistance of disease, can guarantee the residual of no poisonous and harmful substance in its product again, harm humans is healthy and human environment do not constituted potential pollution.
The present invention finishes by following operating technology: its technical scheme mainly is additive types, compatibility combination and the optimum amount of lefteye flounder mixed feed, and the compound method of adding this additive lefteye flounder mixed feed.
The lefteye flounder additive for fodder, it is formulated by enzyme preparation, probiotic, immunopotentiator, its batching consumption is that enzyme preparation is 3g/kg; Probiotic 0.1g/kg-0.2g/kg; Immunopotentiator: vitamin V E is 300mg/kg, and fish oil is 60g/kg, adds crust amine simultaneously, and consumption is 0.5g/kg.
Enzyme preparation is the complex enzyme of protease, lipase, amylase and cellulase.
Probiotic is to adopt bacillus preparation.
Immunopotentiator is vitamin V E and unrighted acid (fish oil) combination, adds crust amine simultaneously.
Add the lefteye flounder mixed feed compound method of this additive: be to cooperate by feed base-material and additive to form.The feed base-material is: fish meal 40%, dregs of beans 30%, yeast 5%, inferior powder 20%, choline 0.5%, lecithin 0.5%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2%, vitamin 1% (not containing vitamin V E), mineral matter 1%.Fish meal in its feed base-material is a high-quality fish meal, and fish oil does not become sour for having, oxidisation odour, and that other raw material does not have yet is mouldy, rotten, caking, insect pest etc., and feedstuff 95% passes through 0.25mm hole testing sieve.After pressing the abundant mixing of feed base-material consumption, the probiotic bacillus preparation and the VE300mg/kg that add 3g/kg complex enzyme formulation, 0.1-0.2g/kg, 0.5g/kg crust amine, make its abundant mixing, the coefficient of variation≤10% adds the fish oil of 60g/kg again, fully mixing, sodium alginate with 2% is made adhesive, the lefteye flounder of feeding after the granulation.
Embodiment:
The technology of the present invention, utilize that the test manufacture of enzyme preparation, probiotic and immunopotentiator is pollution-free, 1 ton of noresidue additive, make an addition in the lefteye flounder feed base-material, large-scale production can make the rate of body weight gain of lefteye flounder improve 50%, and survival rate improves 30%, feed conversion rate improves 25%, the feed coefficient of lefteye flounder reaches 1.13, has strengthened the physique of fish, has improved immunity.
Be described in detail preparation technique of the present invention below by embodiment.
The best screening process of implementing prescription: the quality of the effect of feed addictive and forage compounding and feed base-material is closely related, should notice that the feed base-material of lefteye flounder should satisfy the nutritional need of lefteye flounder.Fish meal is a high-quality fish meal in the feed base-material, and fish oil does not become sour for having, oxidisation odour, and that other raw material does not have yet is mouldy, rotten, caking, insect pest etc., and feedstuff 95% passes through 0.25mm hole testing sieve.In the feed process for preparation, base material formulation is: fish meal 40%, dregs of beans 30%, yeast 5%, inferior powder 20%, choline 0.5%, lecithin 0.5%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 2%, vitamin 1% (do not contain vitamin V
E), mineral matter 1%, press the abundant mixing of feed base-material consumption after, add probiotic and the V of 3g/kg complex enzyme formulation, 0.1-0.2g/kg
E300mg/kg, the abundant mixing of 0.5g/kg crust amine, the coefficient of variation≤10% adds the fish oil of 60g/kg again, and fully mixing is made adhesive with 2% sodium alginate, the lefteye flounder of feeding after the granulation.
Finish above-mentioned preparation and at first will screen, grasp suitable technical parameter different enzyme preparations, probiotic and immunopotentiator.Comprise the kind of enzyme preparation, suitable addition; The kind of probiotic, suitable addition, immunopotentiator compatibility and consumption.
1. the screening of enzyme preparation and suitable addition: use protease A, lipase B, complex enzyme formulation C (being to combine) respectively by protease, lipase, amylase, cellulase, adopt above-mentioned prescription to make mixed feed and control group (not adding enzyme preparation), raised lefteye flounder 45 days, observe its growth result, each survival rate, rate of body weight gain, feed coefficient etc. of organizing lefteye flounder and control group are relatively as table 1; The suitable addition such as the table 2 of enzyme.
The different enzyme preparations of table 1 are to the culture efficiency of lefteye flounder
| Enzyme preparation kind and consumption | Beginning | Finish | Survival rate (%) | Rate of body weight gain (%) | Feed coefficient |
| Counterpoise (g) | Counterpoise (g) | ||||
| Contrast | 9.20 | 16.28 | 98 | 77.17 | 1.16 |
| A 1g/kg | 6.33 | 13.04 | 98 | 105.84 | 1.32 |
| B 1g/kg | 8.67 | 18.90 | 98 | 117.82 | 1.11 |
| C 1g/kg | 8.83 | 20.47 | 100 | 137.80 | 0.96 |
The optimum amount of table 2 lefteye flounder enzyme preparation C (complex enzyme formulation)
| Enzyme preparation kind and consumption | Beginning | Finish | Survival rate (%) | Rate of body weight gain (%) | Feed coefficient |
| Counterpoise (g) | Counterpoise (g) | ||||
| 1g/kg | 4.25 | 12.93 | 100 | 204.35 | 1.35 |
| 3g/kg | 4.80 | 16.82 | 100 | 250.32 | 0.97 |
| 5g/kg | 4.50 | 14.92 | 100 | 231.46 | 1.21 |
Experimental result shows, adds the growth that enzyme preparation can promote seawater fish lefteye flounder in the lefteye flounder feed, improves its rate of body weight gain and feed conversion rate, reduces feed coefficient.As seen add the rate of body weight gain of the raising letting animals feed that protease A, lipase B, complex enzyme C all can be in various degree from last table, that adds enzyme preparation C reaches maximum growth in these three kinds of additions, and its optimum amount is 3g/kg, minimum feed coefficient.
2. the kind of probiotic, suitable addition
In the aquaculture, experimental results demonstrate that probiotic has the organism metabolism of improvement, improves food conversion ratio, strengthens the animal immune function, improves effects such as seedling body survival rate and parent breeding.This test selects for use three kinds of representative probiotics with bacillus preparations (A), Bifidobacterium (B), beneficial bacterium many (C), adopts above-mentioned prescription to make feed lefteye flounder 50 days of mixed feed, result such as table 3,4.
Table 3 probiotic is to the influence of lefteye flounder growth
| The probiotic kind | Beginning | Finish | Survival rate (%) | Rate of body weight gain (%) | Compare rate of body weight gain |
| Counterpoise (g) | Counterpoise (g) | ||||
| Control group | 46 | 56.7 | 98 | 23.2 | 100 |
| 0.1g/kg(A) | 48.5 | 84.0 | 100 | 73.2 | 316 |
| 0.1g/kg(B) | 42.5 | 70.7 | 98 | 66.4 | 287 |
| 1g/kg(C) | 45.6 | 62 | 100 | 35.9 | 155 |
Table 4 probiotic optimum amount is to the influence of lefteye flounder growth
| The probiotic consumption | Beginning | Finish | Survival rate (%) | Rate of body weight gain (%) | Compare rate of body weight gain |
| Counterpoise (g) | Counterpoise (g) | ||||
| Control group | 57 | 78.7 | 98 | 38.1 | 100 |
| 0.1g/kg(B) | 55.6 | 94.3 | 100 | 69.6 | 183 |
| 0.2g/kg(B) | 59 | 102.1 | 99 | 73.1 | 192 |
| 0.5g/kg(B) | 63.6 | 89.0 | 100 | 39.9 | 105 |
The effect of finding out 0.1g/kg-0.2g/kg B Bifidobacterium from last table is best.
3. immunopotentiator
Immunopotentiator is to be cultured the material that a class of generally paying attention on the boundary can improve the cultured fishes premunition by the world in recent years, can improve the non-specific immunity of fish body, and specific immunity is not had responsing reaction.Fish are taken the immunity that immunopotentiator can improve the fish body in short-term, can not make fish produce immunological memory.5 kinds of immunopotentiators are adopted in this test, and feeds utilized base-material is identical, has carried out 2 months feeding trial, every 30 days the nospecific immunity index of lefteye flounder is measured, and the result is as follows:
1) immunopotentiator influences measurement result such as table 5 to lefteye flounder serum lysozyme activity
Table 5 immunopotentiator is to the influence of lefteye flounder serum lysozyme activity
| Group | Serum lysozyme activity (ug/mL) test 30 days | Serum lysozyme activity (ug/mL) test 60 days |
| V E80mg/kg, fish oil 60g/kg | 1.40 | 1.50 |
| V E300mg/kg, fish oil 60g/kg | 1.50 | 1.75 |
| V E80mg/kg, peanut oil 60g/kg | 1.35 | 1.42 |
| V E300mg/k, peanut oil 60g/kg | 1.40 | 1.63 |
| Crust amine 0.5g/kg | 1.65 | 1.80 |
| Contrast | 1.15 | 1.25 |
Can find out the lefteye flounder feed that from table 5 adding immunopotentiator compares the serum lysozyme activity with control group (not adding immunopotentiator) and be improved; The serum lysozyme activity of As time goes on adding the immunopotentiator group in preceding 2 months has the trend of increase.
2) immunopotentiator influences result such as table 6 to lefteye flounder blood leucocyte sum.
Add the influence of immunopotentiator in table 6 feed to lefteye flounder blood leucocyte sum
| Group | The WBC counting is (individual/as ml) to test 30 days | The WBC counting is (individual/as ml) to test 60 days |
| V E80mg/kg, fish oil 60g/kg | 4.7×10 7 | 6.0×10 7 |
| V E300mg/kg, fish oil 60g/kg | 5.3×10 7 | 6.6×10 7 |
| V E80mg/kg, peanut oil 60g/kg | 3.9×10 7 | 5.5×10 7 |
| V E300mg/kg, peanut oil 60g/kg | 5.6×10 7 | 6.2×10 7 |
| Crust amine 0.5g/kg | 5.1×10 7 | 6.8×10 7 |
| Contrast | 5.2×10 7 | 5.5×10 7 |
Can find out the lefteye flounder feed that from table 6 adding immunopotentiator compares the blood leucocyte sum with control group (not adding immunopotentiator) and be improved, and As time goes on total white blood cells there is the trend of increase.
3) immunopotentiator is to the influence such as the table 7 of turbot leukocytes phagocytic rate
Table 7 immunopotentiator is to the influence of lefteye flounder leukocytes phagocytic rate
| Group | Phagocytic rate test 30 days | Phagocytic rate test 60 days |
| V E80mg/kg, fish oil 60g/kg | 65％ | 71％ |
| V E300mg/kg, fish oil 60g/kg | 68％ | 78％ |
| V E80mg/kg, peanut oil 60g/kg | 64％ | 73％ |
| V E300mg/kg, peanut oil 60g/kg | 67％ | 75％ |
| Crust amine 0.5g/kg | 52％ | 66％ |
| Contrast | 42％ | 43％ |
Can find out the lefteye flounder feed that from table 7 adding immunopotentiator compares the blood leucocyte sum with control group (not adding immunopotentiator) and be improved, and As time goes on total white blood cells there is the trend of increase.
4) immunopotentiator is to the influence such as the table 8 of lefteye flounder SC activity
Table 8 immunopotentiator is to the influence of lefteye flounder SC activity
| Group | Complement activity U/mL test 30 days | Complement activity U/mL test 60 days |
| V E80mg/kg, fish oil 60g/kg | 5.48 | 6.89 |
| V E300mg/kg, fish oil 60g/kg | 6.45 | 8.35 |
| V E80mg/kg, peanut oil 60g/kg | 5.34 | 6.00 |
| V E300mg/kg, peanut oil 60g/kg | 6.87 | 7.14 |
| Crust amine 0.5g/kg | 7.49 | 9.18 |
| Contrast | 4.37 | 5.16 |
Can find out that from table 8 adding its SC specific activity control group (not adding immunopotentiator) of immunopotentiator the duration of test lefteye flounder feed is improved; In preceding 2 months, As time goes on add immunopotentiator group SC activity the trend of increase is obviously arranged.
5) immunopotentiator is to the influence of lefteye flounder rate of body weight gain and survival rate
Duration of test lefteye flounder rate of body weight gain and survival rate are shown in table 9, table 10, and the experimental group rate of body weight gain obviously is better than control group, illustrate that weightening finish has facilitation to used immunopotentiator equally to lefteye flounder.It may be due to temperature reduces that test later stage rate of body weight gain reduces.The survival rate of duration of test lefteye flounder is higher, and the used immunopotentiator of basic experiment has no adverse effects to the lefteye flounder survival rate.
Table 9 immunopotentiator is to the influence of lefteye flounder rate of body weight gain
| Group | Rate of body weight gain test 30 days | Rate of body weight gain test 60 days |
| V E80mg/kg, fish oil 60g/kg | 40.53％ | 35.15％ |
| V E300mg/kg, fish oil 60g/kg | 59.14％ | 40.54％ |
| V E80mg/kg, peanut oil 60g/kg | 35.21％ | 25.65％ |
| V E300mg/kg, peanut oil 60g/kg | 29.20％ | 28.54％ |
| Crust amine 0.5g/kg | 43.61％ | 37.78％ |
| Contrast | 34.15％ | 25.32％ |
Table 10 immunopotentiator is to the influence of lefteye flounder survival rate
| Group | Survival rate test 30 days | Survival rate test 60 days |
| V E80mg/kg, fish oil 60g/kg | 100％ | 100％ |
| V E300mg/kg, fish oil 60g/kg | 100％ | 100％ |
| V E80mg/kg, peanut oil 60g/kg | 100％ | 100％ |
| V E300mg/kg, peanut oil 60g/kg | 100％ | 98％ |
| Crust amine 0.5g/kg | 100％ | 98％ |
| Contrast | 100％ | 98％ |
Auxotype immunopotentiator V in above-mentioned test
E300mg/kg, the effect of fish oil 60g/kg is best, and polysaccharide crust amine also has certain effect to the immunity of lefteye flounder, so adopt V
E300mg/kg, fish oil 60g/kg and 0.5g/kg crust amine use simultaneously, feed lefteye flounder 60 days effect such as table 11:
Table 11.V
E300mg/kg, fish oil 6% and 0.5g/kg crust amine synergistic action effect
| Group | Lysozyme activity (ug/mL) | Complement activity U/mL | Phagocytic rate (%) | Rate of body weight gain (%) | Survival rate (%) |
| V E300mg/kg, fish oil 60g/kg, crust amine 0.5g/kg | 1.85 | 11.0 | 83 | 52.5 | 100 |
| Contrast | 1.2 | 5.20 | 42 | 26.25 | 100 |
Experiment shows: V
E300mg/kg, fish oil 60g/kg and 0.5g/kg crust amine use simultaneously, the nospecific immunity index of lefteye flounder and rate of body weight gain obviously are better than control group and the result when using separately, and the survival rate of duration of test lefteye flounder is higher, and promptly this is tested used immunopotentiator the lefteye flounder survival rate is had no adverse effects.
The contrast of the present invention and prior art has following characteristics:
What use in present aquatic feeds is olaquindox, steroids and medicine class additive mostly, reduces disease incidence and normally add antibiotic in feed. Pollution-free noresidue additive of the present invention to lefteye flounder nonhazardous effect, secondly is noresidue in the lefteye flounder body at first, to human health without damaging effect, moreover its excreta environmentally safe.
1. in feed, add complex enzyme formulation, be broken down into the form that to be utilized by animal because the protein in the feed, fat, carbohydrate all need to have the endocrine various enzymes of body. Various enzymes participate in generation biochemical reaction separately in the body, comprise and activating or inhibition. Therefore add complex enzyme in the feed and can replenish the not enough of animal body endogenous enzyme or provide animal because of non-existent a kind of digestion power in the degraded nutrient body, reduce simultaneously the discharge rate of indigested nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutriment. Complex enzyme formulation itself can not have any potential safety hazard to feed.
2. in feed, add probiotic, be supplemented with bacteria group, can play inhibitory action to many gastral pathogens, thereby improve the resistance against diseases of body. After probiotic enters body, by population spontaneous breeding and metabolism, the multiple beneficial material can be produced, the archenteric flora balance can be improved, some anti-nutrient substance in the degraded feed, thus improve food conversion ratio, promote growth of animal. It is residual that probiotic is that beneficial bacterium can not produce poisonous and harmful substance to body.
3. immunopotentiator can improve the non-specific immunity of fish body, and specific immunity is not had responsing reaction. Fish take the immunity that immunopotentiator can improve the fish body in short-term, can not make fish produce immunological memory. The microorganism of general employing of past antibiotic kill harmful, the treatment fish disease, but antibiotic is in the kill harmful bacterium, also can kill beneficial bacterium, the ecological balance of destroy microorganisms, and use for a long time antibiotic can produce drug resistance, for overcoming drug resistance, the raiser constantly enables new antibiotic and strengthens antibiotic using dosage, forms a kind of vicious circle, and human health has been caused day by day serious threat. Developed country progressively forbids the use of antibiotic feed additive for this reason, and the cry that China applies green feed additive also grows to even greater heights, and the application of green Substitutes For Antibiotic has become the trend in a kind of epoch.
The technology of the present invention, utilize that the test manufacture of enzyme preparation, probiotic and immunopotentiator is pollution-free, 1 ton of noresidue additive, make an addition in the lefteye flounder feed, large-scale production can make the rate of body weight gain of lefteye flounder improve 50%, improve survival rate 30%, feed conversion rate improves 25%, and the feed coefficient of lefteye flounder reaches 1.13, has strengthened the physique of fish, improve immunity, obviously reduced the pollution that aquatic products industry production causes surrounding enviroment. Simultaneously, owing to have easy to usely, without three-induced effect, have no side effect, pollution-free, noresidue, the characteristics such as consumption is little, and production cost is low, and effect is remarkable are a kind of efficient, non-harmful novel green biology feed additives of high-quality. Green animal husbandry and green additive industry be will promote, efficient, high-quality, nuisanceless fish production technology system set up.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of lefteye flounder additive for fodder is characterized in that it is enzyme preparation, probiotic, a vitamin V by following ratio of weight and number
E, fish oil and crust amine is formulated, its batching consumption is that enzyme preparation is that 3 parts, probiotic are 0.1-0.2 part, vitamin V
EBe that 0.3 part, fish oil are that 60 parts, crust amine are 0.5 part.
2, a kind ofly contain the compound method that right requires the mixed feed of 1 described lefteye flounder additive for fodder, the compound method that it is characterized in that it is: mixed by mixed feed base-material and additive for fodder, feedstuff 95% is by the testing sieve in 0.25mm hole, after pressing the abundant mixing of feed base-material consumption, in 1000 parts mixed feed base-material, add the lefteye flounder additive for fodder, that is: enzyme preparation is 3 parts, probiotic 0.1-0.2 part, vitamin V
EBe that 0.3 part, fish oil are that 60 parts, crust amine are 0.5 part, make its abundant mixing, make adhesive with the sodium alginate of concentration 2%, the lefteye flounder of feeding after the granulation.
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| CNB031387500A CN1218656C (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2003-06-30 | Preparing method for left-eyed flounder compound feed |
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| CN101095465B (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2011-04-06 | 章爱云 | Application of low-polyxylose complicated preparation in the preparing of feedstuff that is capable of enhancing immunity of marine animals |
| CN101816378A (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2010-09-01 | 蓝德安 | Breeding feed additive |
| CN101912078B (en) * | 2010-08-23 | 2012-05-23 | 福建省淡水水产研究所 | High-efficiency and environmentally-friendly compound feed for paralichthys olivaceus and preparation method thereof |
| CN105341533A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-02-24 | 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院 | Special feed additive for seawater fish and preparation method thereof |
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