CN103427143A - 波导和车内通信系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种波导，包括：波导本体，该波导本体是中空的并且由形状保持材料制成；以及导电内涂层，该导电内涂层是导电的，并且设置在所述波导本体的内表面上。波导将导电内涂层的内部空间用作为传输路径，以传输作为信号的电磁波。沿着所述波导本体的外表面设置的两条电线分别地用作为电力线和地线，以传输电力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于传输电磁波的波导（wave guide），以及一种使用该波导的车内通信系统。
背景技术
车内通信系统采用使用电线的线束是众所周知的。图1示出这样的传统的车内通信系统。图1中的传统的车内通信系统100包括：第一线束101，其安装在内部空间中；以及第二线束102，其安装在发动机舱中。第一线束101包括：多条电线W，以及连接到每条电线W的两侧的多个连接器111。第二线束102包括：多条电线W，以及连接到每条电线W的两侧的多个连接器112。利用例如绑带将电线W捆在一起成为小直径。第一线束101的连接器111在内部空间和发动机舱的边界处连接到第二线束102的相应的连接器112。这些连接提供了穿过车辆内部的各个空间之间的边界的传输路径。
在车内通信系统100中，目前随着车内电路的增加，电线W的数量趋向于增加，并且每捆电线W的直径相应地增加。因此，存在车辆内部的安装空间的问题，或存在第一线束101和第二线束102的重量增加的问题。另外，连接在内部空间和发动机舱之间的连接器的数量增加，这需要大量的工作来连接连接器。
已经提出了采用波导的车内通信系统（参见日本专利文献JP2005-176123A）。这样的传统车内通信系统能够减小传输路径的直径和重量，并且简化车辆内部的空间之间的连接构造，从而提高连接效率。
传统的波导通常由金属制成。可选择地，已经提出了由导电塑料制成的波导（参见日本专利文献JP-2002-204110A）。
发明内容
然而，在所提出的波导中，没有关于电力传输的具体信息。在车内通信系统中使用这样的波导的情况下，电力传输是必要的，并且因此，需要提供用于电力传输的特定装置。
鉴于上述问题已经创造了本发明，本发明的目的是提供一种能够传输电力的波导，以及一种使用该波导的车内通信系统。
根据本发明的第一方面的波导包括：波导本体，该波导本体是中空的并且由形状保持材料制成；一个或两个导电涂层，该导电涂层是导电的，并且设置在所述波导本体的内表面和外表面中的一个或这二者上；所述导电涂层中的一个的内部空间用作为传输路径，以传输包括信号的电磁波；以及电力线，该电力线用于传输电力。
所述波导本体优选地由柔性材料制成。
两条以上的电线沿着所述波导本体的所述外表面设置。用这样的构造，所述电线中的一条用作为所述电力线，并且所述电线中的另一条用作为地线，以传输电力。
一条以上的电线沿着所述波导本体的所述外表面设置。利用这样的构造，所述电线中的一条用作为所述电力线，并且所述导电涂层中的一个用作为地线，以传输电力。
可以设置两个所述导电涂层。利用这样的构造，所述导电涂层中的一个用作为电力线，并且所述导电涂层中的另一个用为作地线，以传输所述电力。
电磁波可以传输信号和电力。
两条以上的电线设置在所述波导本体的内部。利用这样的构造，所述电线中的一条用作为所述电力线，并且所述电线中的另一条用作为地线，以传输电力。
所述波导可以包括盖体，该盖体装接于所述波导本体的开口缘，并且在该盖体内部设置有能够吸收所述电磁波的电磁波吸收材料。
一个导电涂层设置在所述波导本体的所述内表面上，所述波导本体由保护材料制成，并且所述波导本体还起到外部保护部件的作用。
根据本发明的第一方面的波导可以用于车内通信系统。
根据本发明的第一方面的波导能够传输电力和包括信号的电磁波这二者。因此，能够提供能够传输电力的波导和使用该波导的车内通信系统。
附图说明
图1是采用使用电线的线束的传统车内通信系统的示意性构造图。
图2是使用根据第一实施例的波导的车内通信系统的示意性构造图。
图3A是根据第一实施例的所述波导的断面透视图，图3B是根据第一实施例的所述波导的横截面视图，并且图3C是根据第一实施例的处于弯曲状态的所述波导的破坏透视图。
图4是根据第一实施例的装接于所述波导的开口端的盖体的透视图。
图5是根据第一实施例的第一修改例的波导的破断透视图。
图6是根据第一实施例的第二修改例的波导的破断透视图。
图7是根据第一实施例的第三修改例的波导的破断透视图。
图8A是根据第一实施例的第四修改例的波导的破断透视图，图8B是根据第四修改例的波导的横截面图，并且图8C是根据第四修改例的处于弯曲状态的波导的破断透视图。
图9是使用根据本发明第二实施例的波导的线束的透视图。
具体实施方式
下面将参考附图说明本发明的各实施例。
第一实施例
图2至图4示出本发明的第一实施例。
如图2所示，根据第一实施例的车内通信系统1跨越内部空间和发动机舱之间的边界安装，并且包括：第一波导线束WH1，其安装在内部空间中；以及第二波导线束WH2，其安装在发动机舱中。第一波导线束WH1和第二波导线束WH2的每个都包括：波导10、波导凸缘20、设置在波导10的分支部位处的分支部30，以及装接于波导10的一个端部的智能连接器40。
第一波导线束WH1的波导10和第二波导线束WH2的波导10经由在内部空间和发动机舱之间的边界处的每个波导凸缘20而相互连接。
第一波导线束WH1和第二波导线束WH2的每个都包括：两条电线W1和W2，以及装接于电线W1和W2的连接器50。第一波导线束WH1的连接器50和第二波导线束WH2的连接器50在内部空间和发动机舱之间的边界处相互连接。
智能连接器40具有：天线功能，其发送并且接收电磁波；转换功能，其将由天线接收到的电磁波转换成电信号；以及发送功能，其将电信号转换成电磁波并且将所转换的电磁波输出到天线。即，智能连接器40用作为波导10和电线W的接合部件，从而将数据在电磁波和电信号之间转换。
如图3A和图3B所示，每个波导10都包括：波导本体11，其是中空的并且由形状保持材料制成；导电内涂层12，其是导电的并且设置在波导本体11的内表面上；以及两条电线W1和W2，其沿着波导本体11的外表面设置。导电内涂层12的内部空间用作为电磁波的传输路径。波导10输送作为信号的、诸如微波或毫米波的极高频段的电磁波。
波导本体11由具有噪声屏蔽特性的绝缘合成树脂（例如，氯乙烯）制成，并且柔性地形成。或者，波导本体11可以是导体或者半导体，或可以由纸或金属制成。波导本体11形成为中空筒状。
导电内涂层12通过例如用导电金属（诸如铁、铜，和铝）电镀而形成。导电内涂层12以均匀厚度设置在波导本体11的整个内表面上。
电线W1和W2中的一条用作为电力线，并且另一条用作为地线，并且电线W1和W2传输电力。可以设置两条以上的电线。
如图2和图4所示，盖体15装接于波导本体11的开口缘。吸收电磁波的电磁波吸收器16设置在盖体15的内部。电磁波吸收器16防止电磁波的漫反射，从而实现稳定的通信性能。
如上所述，由于波导10能够传输电力和信号这二者，所以该实施例能够提供能够传输电力的波导10和使用该波导10的车内通信系统1。
当每个波导线束WH1和WH2的波导凸缘20之间的部分连接在内部空间和发动机舱之间的边界处时，第一波导线束WH1和第二波导线束WH2的各个波导10能够利用电磁波进行多路通信。这提高了连接的效率。
由于波导本体11柔性地形成，并且因此沿着任意安装路径布线是可能的，所以实现了高安装性能。
电线W1和W2可以沿着波导本体11的外表面固定。电线W1和W2的设置增加了波导10的弯曲刚性。即，在保持波导10的传输路径的横截面形状（圆形）的同时该弯曲波导10这一点上，这样的构造是有效的。
根据第一实施例的波导10在波导本体11的内表面上设置有导电内涂层12。或者，具有导电性的导电外涂层可以设置在波导本体11的外表面上，来代替导电内涂层12。
（波导的修改例）
以下说明根据第一实施例的波导10的修改例。
如图5中所示，根据第一实施例的第一修改例的波导10A包括：波导本体11，其是中空的并且由形状保持材料制成；导电内涂层12，其是导电的，并且设置在波导本体11的内表面上；以及电线W1，其沿着波导本体11的外表面设置。导电内涂层12用作为地线，并且电线W1用作为电力线，导电内涂层12和电线W1传输电力。如第一实施例的情况那样，波导本体11由绝缘合成树脂形成，并且柔性地形成为筒状。
电线W1优选地固定于波导本体11的外表面。电线W1的设置增加了波导10A的弯曲刚性。即，在保持波导10A的传输路径的横截面形状（圆形）的同时该弯曲波导10A这一点上，这样的构造是有效的。
第一修改例还可以设置有导电外涂层，该导电外涂层是导电的，并且设置在波导本体11的外表面上，来代替导电内涂层12。
如图6所示，根据第一实施例的第二修改例的波导10B包括：波导本体11，其是中空的并且由形状保持材料制成；导电内涂层12，其是导电的，并且设置在波导本体11的内表面上；以及导电外涂层13，其是导电的，并且设置在波导本体11的外表面上。导电内涂层12用作为电力线，并且导电外涂层13用作为地线。如第一实施例的情况那样，导电内涂层12和导电外涂层13传输电力。波导本体11由绝缘合成树脂制成，并且柔性地形成为筒状。
第二修改例的波导10B与第一实施例的波导10和第一修改例的波导10A的不同之处在于：波导10B上没有设置电线。这进一步有助于减小传输路径的直径和重量，并且简化车辆内部的空间之间的连接构造，从而提高连接的效率。
绝缘保护涂覆可以进一步设置在导电外涂层13的外表面上，绝缘保护涂覆可以由氯乙烯制成。绝缘保护涂覆保护导电外涂层13。
如在图7中所示，根据第一实施例的第三修改例的波导10C包括：波导本体11，其是中空的并且由形状保持材料制成；以及导电内涂层12，其是导电的，并且设置在波导11的内表面上。不存在传输电力的独立的线，而是电磁波传输电力和信号这二者。如第一实施例的情况那样，波导本体11由绝缘合成树脂制成并且柔性地形成为筒状。
第三修改例的波导10C与第一实施例的波导10和第一修改例的波导10A的不同之处在于：波导10C上没有设置电线。这有助于减小传输路径的直径和重量，并且简化车内的每个隔舱之间的连接构造，从而提高连接的效率。
根据第三修改例的波导10C还可以在波导本体11的外表面上设置导电外涂层，来代替导电内涂层12。
如图8A至图8C所示，根据第一实施例的第四修改例的波导10D包括：波导本体11，其是中空的并且由形状保持材料制成；导电内涂层12，其是导电的，并且设置在波导本体11的内表面上；以及两条电线W1和W2，其设置在波导本体11内部。波导本体11由绝缘合成树脂制成，并且以与第一实施例的波导10相同的方式柔性地形成为筒状。
电线W1和W2优选地布置成彼此近似180度。每条电线W1和W2可以由绞合导体、单芯导体，或压缩导体制成。电线W1和W2中的一个用作为电力线，并且另一个用作为地线。根据第四修改例的波导10D的电线W1和W2以与第一实施例的波导10相同的方式传输电力。可以设置两条以上的电线。
电线W1和W2提高了波导10D的弯曲刚性。即，在保持波导10D的传输路径的横截面形状（圆形）的同时弯曲该波导10D这一点上，电线W1和W2的设置是有效的。
电线W1和W2彼此成近似180度的布置能够有效地防止波导本体11受到外力挤压。
根据第四修改例的波导10D还可以在波导本体11的外表面上设置导电外涂层，来代替导电内涂层12。
（第二实施例）
图9示出了本发明的第二实施例。
如图9中所示，在车内通信系统中使用的波导线束WH包括：波导10；以及装接于波导10的末端的诸如电子控制单元（ECU）60和智能连接器40的电子部件。波导10利用分支部（未示出）来分支。
根据第二实施例的波导10的构造与第一实施例的波导的构造相同，并且因此省略其解释。另外，图9没有示出两条电线。波导10可以使用根据第一实施例的各个修改例的波导10A至10D中的任何的波导。每个ECU60都是包括第一实施例中的智能连接器40的相似功能的控制器。
由于根据第二实施例的波导本体也柔性地形成，所以沿着任意的安装路径布线是可能的。此外，波导10能够传输电力和信号这二者。因此，第二实施例能够提供能够传输电力的波导10以及使用该波导10的车内通信系统，同时具有高安装性能。
（其它实施例）
虽然在各个实施例中的波导本体11具有圆形横截面，但是只要该波导本体11是中空的管状体，则波导本体11可以是具有例如矩形横截面的任意形状。
在导电内涂层12设置在波导本体11的内表面上，并且波导本体11由保护材料制成的情况下，可以通过增加该波导本体11的厚度的方式使波导本体11起到外部保护部件（诸如保护器或波纹部件）的作用。这样的构造能够从波导线束WH去除任何附加的外部保护部件。
Claims (10)
1.一种波导，包括：
波导本体，该波导本体是中空的并且由形状保持材料制成；
一个或两个导电涂层，该导电涂层是导电的，并且设置在所述波导本体的内表面和外表面中的一个或这二者上；所述导电涂层中的一个的内部空间用作为传输路径，以传输包括信号的电磁波；以及
电力线，该电力线用于传输电力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的波导，其中，所述波导本体由柔性材料制成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的波导，包括：
两条以上的电线，该两条以上的电线沿着所述波导本体的所述外表面设置，其中
所述电线中的一条用作为所述电力线，并且所述电线中的另一条用作为地线，以传输电力。
4.根据权利要求1所述的波导，包括：
一条以上的电线，该一条以上的电线沿着所述波导本体的所述外表面设置，其中
所述电线中的一条用作为所述电力线，并且所述导电涂层中的一个用作为地线，以传输电力。
5.根据权利要求1所述的波导，其中，
设置了两个所述导电涂层，并且
所述导电涂层中的一个用作为电力线，并且所述导电涂层中的另一个用为作地线，以传输所述电力。
6.根据权利要求1所述的波导，其中，所述电磁波传输所述信号和所述电力。
7.根据权利要求1所述的波导，包括：
两条以上的电线，该两条以上的电线设置在所述波导本体的内部，其中
所述电线中的一条用作为所述电力线，并且所述电线中的另一条用作为地线，以传输电力。
8.根据权利要求1所述的波导，还包括：
盖体，该盖体装接于所述波导本体的开口缘，并且在该盖体内部设置有能够吸收所述电磁波的电磁波吸收材料。
9.根据权利要求1所述的波导，其中，
一个导电涂层设置在所述波导本体的所述内表面上，
所述波导本体由保护材料制成，并且
所述波导本体还起到外部保护部件的作用。
10.一种车内通信系统，包括：
波导，该波导包括：
波导本体，该波导本体是中空的并且由形状保持材料制成；和
一个或两个导电涂层，该导电涂层是导电的，并且设置在所述波导本体的内表面和外表面中的一个或这二者上，所述导电涂层中的一个的内部空间用作为传输路径，以传输包括信号的电磁波；以及
电力线，该电力线用于传输电力。
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012-115443 | 2012-05-21 | ||
| JP2012115443A JP5947618B2 (ja) | 2012-05-21 | 2012-05-21 | 導波管及び車載用通信システム |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN103427143A true CN103427143A (zh) | 2013-12-04 |
| CN103427143B CN103427143B (zh) | 2016-03-23 |
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| CN201310190197.5A Expired - Fee Related CN103427143B (zh) | 2012-05-21 | 2013-05-21 | 波导和车内通信系统 |
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| US (1) | US9130253B2 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP5947618B2 (zh) |
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| CN106030900A (zh) * | 2014-03-04 | 2016-10-12 | 西门子公司 | 用于波导管的连接装置 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103427143B (zh) | 2016-03-23 |
| JP2013243518A (ja) | 2013-12-05 |
| JP5947618B2 (ja) | 2016-07-06 |
| US20130307645A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
| US9130253B2 (en) | 2015-09-08 |
| DE102013209316A1 (de) | 2013-11-21 |
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