CN103384518B - 新的抗真菌组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于治疗指甲真菌感染的药物组合物,包括含量为大约10%的抗真菌丙烯胺化合物、有机酸或其酯、二醇和多价螯合剂,其中所述药物组合物基本上不含水。
Description
技术领域
本发明包括用于治疗指甲真菌感染的组合物。所述组合物用于指甲的局部治疗,并使得抗真菌物质能够渗透进入和穿过指甲。
背景技术
指甲发生真菌感染(甲癣)随后出现指甲破坏的问题已经付诸了诸多努力,但目前手边没有临床上满意的解决方案。然而,有一个一般性的共识是:如果能够将足够量的有效的抗真菌化合物分布到整个指甲并进入甲床中,则该种感染会被治愈且对指甲的破坏会终止。
现有技术
在现有技术中描述过几种提高抗真菌剂渗透的尝试。
美国专利7,820,720描述了一种适于局部递送特比萘芬的药物制剂,其包括:在水溶液中,i)含量为按重量计从大约0.5%到大约10%的特比萘芬或其药学上可接受的盐,ii)含量为按重量计从大约4%到大约7%的磷脂,以及iii)含量为从大约1%到大约4%的非离子表面活性剂。
美国专利7,678,366描述了一种用于治疗指甲和/或周围组织的真菌感染的持续释放的治疗用甲油,其包括:a.抗真菌量的萘替芬或特比萘芬;b.角质层分离剂;c.至少大约3%的湿润剂,其中所述湿润剂为山梨糖醇、甘油或它们的混合物;d.含量为所述甲油溶液的0.5到少于大约5%的水;e.占非挥发性组分总重量的大约8%到大约35%的疏水性甲基丙酸烯聚合物;以及f.相当于所述组合物的总重量的大约60%到大约90%的量的挥发性溶剂,所述挥发性溶剂选自由醇、酮及它们的混合物组成的组。
美国专利7,074,392公开了一种持续释放的治疗用甲油组合物,其包括:(a)抗真菌有效量的抗真菌剂;(b)足以增加并促进所述抗真菌剂渗透进所述指甲中的量的角质层分离剂;(c)多于3%(w/w)的湿润剂;(d)足以将指甲水化(hydrate)的量的水;(e)液态甲油组分,其包括聚合膜生成剂和挥发性溶剂,选择的所述生成剂在将所述组合物涂在指甲上并在所述挥发性溶剂蒸发后形成持续释放的薄膜。
发明内容
需要具有高渗透性的用于治疗甲癣的抗真菌组合物。
此外,需要具有高浓度的活性抗真菌化合物的制剂。
此外,通常需要抗真菌化合物可溶于制剂中,即,其不沉淀。
本发明的一个目的是落实至少一些上面所列的问题。因此,本发明的第一主要方面提供了一种用于治疗指甲的真菌感染的药物组合物,其包括含量为多于5%的抗真菌丙烯胺、有机酸或其酯、二醇和多价螯合剂(sequestering agent),其中所述药物组合物基本上不含水。
具体实施方式
在下文中给出了本发明的详细描述。
如本文中所使用,除非另外规定,组分以百分比的含量指的是重量百分数,且基于所述组合物的总重量。
如果适用的话,术语“大约”用于表示规定值的±10%的偏差。例如,“大约20%”表示从18%到22%的值。
所述组合物基本上不含水。没有水被加入所述制剂中。然而,由于某些组分可能含有少量的水,因此组合物中仍有可能有痕量的水。痕量的水低于5%,更优选低于3%,更优选为2%,更优选低于1%,更优选低于0.5%以及最优选低于0.3%。
如果向所述制剂中加入水,所述抗真菌化合物会沉淀从而失去活性,这在该系统中是不希望的,因为在施用后可用于治疗的特比萘芬的量减少了。
本发明的另一优势为其含有高浓度,多于5%的抗真菌物质。这增加了所述抗真菌组合物的效能。
所述抗真菌丙烯胺溶于组合物中。因此,该制剂以溶液(即:单相系统)存在。
丙烯胺抗真菌剂,特别是特比萘芬和萘替芬,是本发明优选的抗真菌剂。这些物质通过阻断角鲨烯环氧酶,一种在真菌麦角固醇生物合成中的关键酶而抑制真菌的生长。合适的丙烯胺抗真菌剂的实例包括选自由阿莫罗芬、布替萘芬、特比萘芬和萘替芬及它们的混合物组成的组的丙烯胺抗真菌剂。这些是丙烯胺抗真菌剂的非限制性的实例。特比萘芬是本发明最优选的丙烯胺抗真菌剂。
丙烯胺在制剂中的含量为从1%到12%。丙烯胺的量优选为大约10%。12%是丙烯胺在本发明的制剂中溶解度的接近极限值。丙烯胺的量优选为从5%到12%,更优选为从8%到12%,且最优选为从10.5%到12%。然而,丙烯胺的溶解度可根据温度以及所包括的化合物的性质而变化。可选地,当丙烯胺在所述组合物中的溶解度的上限为11.5%时,丙烯胺的优选量为从5%到11.5%,更优选为从8%到11.5%,且最优选为从10.5%到11.5%。
本发明的组合物包括有机酸或其酯以及醇。这导致所述丙烯胺抗真菌化合物的出乎意料的高溶解度以及递送进入并穿过角化组织。
有机酸为C1-8羧酸。C1-8羧酸的实例包括具有1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8个碳原子的任意的一种或多种饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的脂肪族单-、二-及多聚羧酸,具有1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8个碳原子的芳脂族(araliphatic)或芳香二羧酸、氧基及羟基羧酸(例如α-羟基酸)。合适的有机酸组分的实例包括蚁酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、山梨酸、草酸、柠檬酸、丙二酸、富马酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸(apidic acid)、庚二酸、草乙酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、丙醇二酸、羟基丁酸、羟基丙酸和丙酮酸中的一种或多种。有机酸优选为乳酸。
作为所述有机酸的一种替换,所述组合物可包括合适有机酸的C1-4烷基酯,或合适的有机酸与所述有机酸的酯的混合物。优选的酯为乳酸的酯。合适的酯的非限制性实例为乳酸甲酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸丁酯和乳酸丙酯。
所述组合物中存在的有机酸或其酯或其混合物的量为从1%到30%,更优选为从5%到25%,更优选为从7%到22%,以及最优选为从8%到20%。
合适的二醇为丙二醇、丁二醇、戊二醇和己二醇,其中丙二醇和丁二醇是特别合适的。所提到的二醇的混合物也是合适的。
所述二醇或其混合物应优选以多于50%,更优选为从50%到95%,更优选为从50%到90%,更优选为从60%到90%以及最优选为大约从67.5%到大约84%的量使用。
所述组合物包括多价螯合剂。加入多价螯合剂出人意料地提高了丙烯胺向指甲中的递送。合适的多价螯合剂的非限制性实例包括氨基乙酸、膦酸酯、膦酸及这些的混合物中的一种或多种。多价螯合剂可以为可与金属例如碱金属或碱土金属形成络合物的金属络合剂。优选的多价螯合剂为乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)。合适量的多价螯合剂的实例包括从0.01%到5%,优选为从0.02%到3%,更优选为从0.03%到1%。
所述组合物优选包括从大约67.5%到大约84%的丙二醇,从8%到20%的乳酸,从0.03%到0.1%的EDTA和从8%到12%的特比萘芬。
本发明优选的组合物也为在实施例部分中的实施例A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I、J、K、L、ISM09024、ISM09017、ISM09018和ISM09016的那些。
所述制剂可包括对制剂的作用及稳定性有益的其他组分。这样的成分的实例为尿素、含巯基的氨基酸及其他角蛋白降解剂。角蛋白降解剂的实例为半胱氨酸、乙酰半胱氨酸和巯基酸。
也可加入改善所述制剂质地(texture)的组分例如聚合物及其他粘性增强剂,以及掩蔽剂和着色剂。此外,可以向所述制剂中加入具有缓冲能力及抗微生物性质的标准皮肤病学组分,条件是这些组分可溶于且共存于所述新的组合物。
本发明的制剂用于施用到指甲上。所述制剂要被用于治疗指甲的真菌感染。然而,也可将本发明的制剂用于治疗其他类型的角化组织(例如茧)的真菌感染。
在本发明的第二主要方面,提供了本发明的组合物用于治疗指甲的真菌感染的用途。
在本发明的第三主要方面,提供了治疗指甲真菌感染的方法,其中向患者施用本发明的组合物。
实施例
为评价本发明制剂的效果,我们采用Franz细胞的体外渗透法。我们将蹄膜用作指甲的替代品。在这种类型的实验中,蹄是人类指甲的一种可接受的模型(Mertin,D.Lippold,B.C.“In-vitro permeability of the human nail and of a keratinmembrane from bovine hooves:prediction of the penetration rate ofantimycotics through the nail plate and their efficacy(人类指甲和牛蹄的角蛋白膜的体外渗透性:预测抗真菌剂通过指甲板的渗透速率及它们的效力)”J PharmPharmacol,1997,49(9),866-72)(cit.Mertin和Lippold1997)。
按照Mertin和Lippold,1997中的描述进行体外药物渗透实验。进行如下实验。将pH3.7的0.1M柠檬酸盐缓冲液用作Franz细胞中的受体溶液。在实验前用氦气将所述受体溶液脱气10分钟。仅使用牛蹄底部的蹄膜。使用的特比萘芬为特比萘芬盐酸盐形式。
在水化15分钟后,将蹄膜装在扩散细胞中。在进行扩散6小时后取样。所有的体外渗透实验按一式三份进行。
将通过量(flux)归一化至1%特比萘芬的通过量。因此,此处将通过量描述成μg特比萘芬/%tbf*h*cm2,并将渗透实验的结果按照如下等式进行计算:
归一化的通过量=Δm/(Δt*A*%tbf)
其中
Δm=在受体液体中特比萘芬的增加的质量,以μg计
Δt=两次观察之间的时间,以小时计
A=膜表面积,以cm2计
%tbf=组合物中特比萘芬的重量百分率
实施例1在不同水平乳酸的制剂中特比萘芬通过量
在该实验中说明了制剂中乳酸的作用。将乳酸从0%增加到20%产生的通过量增高了两倍(表1中的组合物C比组合物E)。
表1.
实施例2
在该实施例中,丙二醇部分地被其他二醇替换。从渗透的角度看,戊二醇似乎具有与比己二醇表现更好的丙二醇对渗透相同的作用。
表2.
组合物 | F | G | H |
成分/实验方案 | |||
丙二醇 | 69g | 35g | 28g |
乳酸 | 10g | 10g | 10g |
尿素 | 10g | 10g | 10g |
戊二醇 | - | - | 42g |
已二醇 | - | 35g | - |
特比萘芬 | 10g | 10g | 10g |
渗透数据 | |||
归一化的通过量 | 1 | 0,92 | 1 |
实施例3
研究了尿素的量与特比萘芬渗透之间的关系。向制剂中引入尿素对特比萘芬的渗透没有影响。
表3
组合物 | I | J | K | L |
成分/实验方案 | ||||
尿素 | 0 | 2g | 5g | 10g |
丙二醇 | 80g | 78g | 75g | 70g |
乳酸 | 10g | 10g | 10g | 10g |
特比萘芬 | 10g | 10g | 10g | 10g |
渗透数据 | ||||
归一化的通过量 | 1 | 0.9 | 1 | 1 |
实施例4含尿素和乙酰半胱氨酸的组合的组合物
表4.
组合物 | ISM09024 | ISM09017 | ISM09018 | ISM09016 |
成分/实验方案 | ||||
尿素 | 10g | 10g | 10g | 15g |
丙二醇 | 70g | 60g | 50g | 50g |
乳酸 | 10g | 10g | 10g | 10g |
乙酰半胱氨酸 | - | 10 | 20 | 15 |
特比萘芬 | 10g | 10g | 10g | 10g |
渗透数据 | ||||
归一化的通过量 | 1 | 1.41 | 1.39 | 1.84 |
在该实验中制备了四种组合物。在表4中列出了这些组合物,并通过将所述成分溶解在丙二醇中进行制备。
在表4中,当在制剂中加入乙酰半胱氨酸时,通过量增加了40%。增加乙酰半胱氨酸的浓度不会增加通过量。然而,维持尿素与乙酰半胱氨酸1:1的比例并将两者的浓度从10%增加到15%使得通过量增加了40%。
实施例5EDTA的作用
为了稳定本发明的组合物中的组分,向制剂中加入EDTA。在体外实验中,我们惊讶地发现,特比萘芬的通过量从一个已经很高的水平增加了30%。在表5中给出了数据。
表5.
组合物 | A | B |
成分/实验方案 | ||
丙二醇 | 80g | 79,95g |
乳酸 | 10g | 10g |
EDTA | - | 0,05g |
特比萘芬 | 10g | 10g |
渗透数据 | ||
通过量μg/cm2*小时 | 45.0 | 58.18 |
相对标准偏差 | 4.89 | 6.29 |
归一化的通过量 | 1.84 | 2.37 |
Claims (8)
1.一种用于治疗指甲的真菌感染的药物组合物,包括含量为1%到30%的乳酸;含量为超过50%的选自由丙二醇、丁二醇、戊二醇和己二醇组成的组的二醇;含量为5%到12%的特比萘芬;以及含量为0.01%和5%之间的EDTA;所述药物组合物基本上不含水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述特比萘芬溶于所述组合物中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中所述乳酸的含量为5%到25%。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中所述特比萘芬的含量为从8%到11.5%。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,包括含量为5%到25%的乳酸;含量为超过50%的选自由丙二醇、丁二醇、戊二醇和己二醇组成的组的二醇;含量为5%到12%的特比萘芬;以及含量为0.03%和1%之间的EDTA。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,包括从大约67.5%到大约84%的丙二醇,从8%到20%的乳酸,从0.03%到0.1%的EDTA和从8%到12%的特比萘芬;
所述大约用于表示规定值的+10%的偏差。
7.权利要求1-6中任一项所述的药物组合物在制备用于治疗指甲真菌感染的药物中的用途。
8.权利要求1-6中任一项所述的组合物在制备用于治疗指甲的真菌感染的方法中所使用的药物中的用途。
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