CN103342615A - Phosphorus and potassium decomposing biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Phosphorus and potassium decomposing biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103342615A CN103342615A CN2013103154929A CN201310315492A CN103342615A CN 103342615 A CN103342615 A CN 103342615A CN 2013103154929 A CN2013103154929 A CN 2013103154929A CN 201310315492 A CN201310315492 A CN 201310315492A CN 103342615 A CN103342615 A CN 103342615A
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- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000194107 Bacillus megaterium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241000881860 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007633 bacillus mucilaginosus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009631 Broth culture Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009630 liquid culture Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011218 seed culture Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000013882 gravy Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004062 cytokinin Substances 0.000 description 2
- UQHKFADEQIVWID-UHFFFAOYSA-N cytokinin Natural products C1=NC=2C(NCC=C(CO)C)=NC=NC=2N1C1CC(O)C(CO)O1 UQHKFADEQIVWID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000000292 Gouania lupuloides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000299452 Gouania lupuloides Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a phosphorus and potassium decomposing biological organic fertilizer prepared from bacillus megatherium and Bacillus mucilaginosus. The fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 30-40% of animal dung, 20-30% of kitchen waste, 15-25% of humic acid, 15-20% of crop straw, 1-2% of microelements and 4-6% of culture. A preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps of: 1, inoculating bacillus megatherium to a nutritional gravy culture medium and the bacillus mucilaginosus to a silicate bacteria culture medium, and spraying a seed liquid after primary and secondary cultures onto a carrier to prepare conidial powder; 2, uniformly mixing 30-40% of animal dung, 20-30% of kitchen waste, 15-25% of turf, 15-20% of straw powder, 1% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1% of zeolite powder, 1% of lime, 3-5% of boric sludge and 1% of gypsum; adjusting water content to 50-60% and stacking the materials into a fermentation tank; adding enzyme microorganisms and turning over mechanically; and fermenting for 3-4 weeks and drying, and crushing to obtain a finished product and packaging. According to the biological organic fertilizer, not only is the soil capacity enhanced, but also nutritional elements which can be absorbed and utilized are provided for crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an organic fertilizer, in particular to a phosphate-dissolving and potassium-dissolving biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the food production of China, the nutrient input of a chemical fertilizer accounts for about 80-90%, the nutrient input of an organic fertilizer only accounts for 10-20%, the use amount of the organic fertilizer reaches 50% of the total use amount of the fertilizer two thirty years ago in developed countries such as Europe, America, Japan and the like, and the use amounts of the chemical fertilizer and the organic fertilizer respectively account for 50% and become internationally recognized standards for sustainable development of soil. The fertilizer consumption of land in China is seriously excessive, and the urea consumption per mu of cultivated land in China is more than 2 times that of the United states, more than 3 times that of Japan and more than 8 times that of Australia. The excessive use of the fertilizer not only causes the serious reduction of soil organic matters, but also causes a series of ecological problems of soil hardening, salinization, water eutrophication and the like, and seriously affects the grain safety and ecological safety of China.
The biological organic fertilizer has high organic matter content, so that soil hardening caused by long-term single application of chemical fertilizers and other chemical substances can be reduced and relieved, the physical and chemical properties of soil are improved, the soil is loosened, the permeability is increased, and the purpose of fertilizing soil fertility is realized. Meanwhile, various bioactive substances generated by beneficial microorganisms in the process of reproduction and metabolism can promote rooting, increase the number of white roots, long roots and capillary roots, enhance the water and fertilizer absorption capacity and make the stems of crops thick and strong.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a biological organic fertilizer, which is formed by mixing livestock and poultry manure, kitchen waste, humic acid, crop straws, various microbial strains and trace elements in proportion and performing aerobic fermentation and compounding, wherein the biological organic fertilizer contains bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus capable of decomposing and releasing phosphorus and potassium elements, and can be used for improving soil structure of crops, reducing the using amount of chemical fertilizers, improving the utilization rate of the chemical fertilizers, reducing the harm of diseases and insects, improving the yield of crops and improving the quality of agricultural products.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is proposed:
1. the phosphorus and potassium dissolving bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
30% -40% of livestock manure;
20% -30% of kitchen waste;
15% -25% of turf;
15% -20% of straw powder;
1% of monopotassium phosphate;
1% of zeolite powder;
1% of lime;
3% -5% of boron mud;
1% of gypsum.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the biological organic fertilizer, which comprises the steps of preparing bacillus megatherium and bacillus mucilaginosus spore powder, preparing the organic fertilizer and preparing the biological organic fertilizer; wherein,
the preparation of the spore powder of the bacillus megaterium and the bacillus mucilaginosus comprises the following steps:
a. primary slant culture: inoculating bacillus megatherium to the slant of a nutrient broth culture medium, inoculating bacillus mucilaginosus to the slant of a silicate bacteria culture medium, and culturing at constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 24 hours to prepare bacterial suspension;
b. secondary seed culture: inoculating the bacterial suspension into a corresponding liquid culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 10%, carrying out constant-temperature shaking table culture, and carrying out shaking table culture at the rotating speed of 180 r/min at 28-30 ℃ for 48-72 hours;
c. preparation of spore powder: spraying the cultured seed liquid on a carrier, drying at the temperature of below 80 ℃, bagging for later use, and detecting the number of spores, wherein the number of spores is 20-80 hundred million/g.
The preparation of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
a. preparing raw materials:
poultry manure: comprises chicken and duck manure, pig, cattle and sheep manure and dehydration;
kitchen waste: separating solid from liquid for later use;
grass carbon: the grass peat is crushed into 40-60 meshes of powder and dried for later use;
straw powder: crushing crop straws into powder less than 2 cm;
preparing inorganic nutrients: monopotassium phosphate, zeolite powder, lime, boric sludge and gypsum;
b. preparing raw materials:
mixing 30-40% of livestock and poultry manure, 20-30% of kitchen waste, 15-25% of grass carbon, 15-20% of straw powder, 1% of monopotassium phosphate, 1% of zeolite powder, 1% of lime, 3-5% of boric sludge and 1% of gypsum uniformly according to the weight ratio, adjusting the water content to 50-60%, and stacking the mixture into a fermentation tank;
c. fermentation: putting the mixed raw materials into a fermentation tank, uniformly adding enzyme bacteria, and mechanically turning; fermenting for 2 weeks; the highest fermentation temperature is 68-75 ℃; carrying out secondary fermentation for 1-2 weeks, carrying out micro-aerobic fermentation, and controlling the temperature at 48-55 ℃;
d. drying and crushing: drying the fermented material at the temperature of below 80 ℃ until the water content is 18-23%, crushing and sieving the material to obtain the material with the fineness of 60-80 meshes for later use;
the preparation of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
adding prepared bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus spore powder with the weight ratio of 1:1 into the prepared organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 5-10 percent, ensuring that the total number of live bacteria reaches more than 5000 ten thousand per gram, and the number of live bacteria of each bacterium reaches more than 2000 ten thousand per gram; and (4) fully and uniformly stirring by using a stirrer, and bagging to prepare the biological organic fertilizer.
The invention also provides a using method of the biological organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) hole application and furrow application: ditching or digging a pit after soil is prepared, firstly scattering a fertilizer, uniformly stirring the fertilizer and the soil, and then sowing or planting seedlings;
(2) dressing: one side around the root system of the crop or ditching is carried out, and the soil is covered after the biological organic fertilizer is applied;
(3) dispensing: the fertilizer is blended with farmyard manure to completely replace chemical fertilizer;
(4) early application: the fertilizer is applied to soil several days in advance and then sowed or planted, and the fertilizer effect is the best.
The fertilizer application method strictly prohibits applying the fertilizer on the surface layer of the soil, and the fertilizer is applied after ploughing; the fertilization method should keep the soil moist with the best effect.
The fertilizing amount of the fertilizing method is specified as follows:
when the biological organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 140kg-200kg of the biological organic fertilizer is applied per mu;
when the fertilizer is used for topdressing, 50kg-100kg per mu.
The biological organic fertilizer prepared by the invention has the advantages that:
because the biological organic fertilizer contains bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus, indissolvable phosphorus and potassium compounds in soil can be destroyed, soluble phosphorus and potassium elements and calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese and other medium and trace elements are decomposed and released, so that the soil fertility is improved, absorbable and utilizable nutrient elements are provided for crops, and meanwhile, gibberellin, cytokinin, microbial enzymes, bacterial polysaccharides and other physiological active substances are generated, so that the nutrient absorption and the growth metabolism of the crops are promoted. By using the biological organic fertilizer, the using amount of the fertilizer can be reduced, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved, and soil and the quality of agricultural products can be improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments below.
The biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 30% -40% of livestock manure, 20% -30% of kitchen waste, 15% -25% of grass carbon, 15% -20% of straw powder, 1% of monopotassium phosphate, 1% of zeolite powder, 1% of lime, 3% -5% of boric sludge and 1% of gypsum.
The preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following three steps:
1. the preparation method of the spore powder of the bacillus megaterium and the bacillus mucilaginosus comprises the following steps:
1.1, primary slant culture: inoculating bacillus megatherium to the slant of a nutrient broth culture medium, inoculating bacillus mucilaginosus to the slant of a silicate bacteria culture medium, and culturing at constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 24 hours to respectively prepare bacterial suspensions;
1.2, secondary seed culture: inoculating the bacterial suspension into a corresponding liquid culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 10%, carrying out constant-temperature shaking table culture, and carrying out shaking table culture at the rotating speed of 180 r/min at 28-30 ℃ for 48-72 hours;
1.3, preparation of spore powder: spraying the cultured seed liquid on a carrier, drying at the temperature of below 80 ℃, bagging for later use, and detecting the number of spores, wherein the number of spores is 20-80 hundred million/g.
2. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
2.1, preparing raw materials:
poultry manure: comprises chicken and duck manure, pig, cattle and sheep manure and dehydration;
kitchen waste: separating solid from liquid for later use;
grass carbon: the grass peat is crushed into 40-60 meshes of powder and dried for later use;
straw powder: crushing crop straws into powder less than 2 cm;
preparing inorganic nutrients: monopotassium phosphate, zeolite powder, lime, boric sludge and gypsum;
2.2, preparing raw materials: mixing 30-40% of livestock and poultry manure, 20-30% of kitchen waste, 15-25% of grass carbon, 15-20% of straw powder, 1% of monopotassium phosphate, 1% of zeolite powder, 1% of lime, 3-5% of boric sludge and 1% of gypsum uniformly according to the weight ratio, adjusting the water content to 50-60%, and piling the mixture in a fermentation tank.
2.3, fermentation: putting the mixed raw materials into a fermentation tank, simultaneously uniformly adding enzyme bacteria, and mechanically turning and throwing to increase the looseness and oxygen content of the raw materials; the time of about 2 weeks is needed for one-time fermentation, and the highest fermentation temperature needs to reach 68-75 ℃; the secondary fermentation needs 1-2 weeks, this time is micro-aerobic fermentation, and the temperature is controlled at 48-55 ℃;
2.4, drying and crushing: drying the fermented material at the temperature of below 80 ℃ until the water content is 18-23%, and crushing and sieving the material to obtain the material with the fineness of 60-80 meshes for later use.
3. The preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
adding the prepared bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus spore powder with the weight ratio of 1:1 into the organic fertilizer prepared in the step (2) according to the proportion of 5-10 percent, ensuring that the total number of live bacteria reaches more than 5000 ten thousand per gram and the number of each live bacteria reaches more than 2000 ten thousand per gram; stirring thoroughly with a blender, and bagging to obtain biological organic fertilizer.
4. Application method of bio-organic fertilizer produced by the invention
4.1 suitable crops:
it is suitable for crops such as grains, economy, fruits and vegetables, forest and flowers.
4.2 fertilizing method:
(1) hole application and furrow application: ditching (or digging pit) after soil is prepared, firstly spreading fertilizer, uniformly stirring the fertilizer and soil, and then sowing or planting seedlings;
(2) dressing: any crop can be covered with soil at one side around the root system or after ditching and topdressing;
(3) dispensing: if the fertilizer is matched with farmyard manure, the fertilizer can be completely replaced;
(4) early application: if the condition is better, the fertilizer is applied to soil in advance for several days and then sowed or planted, the fertilizer effect is best;
(5) strictly applying the fertilizer on the surface layer of the soil; if surface application is carried out, ploughing is required;
(6) the soil moistening effect is kept to be optimal.
4.3 recommended fertilizing amount:
140kg-200kg of biological organic fertilizer is applied to each mu as base fertilizer, and 50kg-100kg of biological organic fertilizer is applied to each mu as additional fertilizer.
The biological organic fertilizer has the following characteristics:
(1) organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent;
(2) humic acid is more than or equal to 10 percent;
(3) the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g, and the number of each bacteria is more than 0.2 hundred million/g;
(4) can effectively release insoluble phosphorus and potassium compounds in soil;
(5) contains medium and trace elements such as calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese and the like, and simultaneously, microorganisms generate physiological active substances such as gibberellin, cytokinin, microbial enzymes, bacterial polysaccharides and the like, thereby promoting the nutrient absorption and growth metabolism of crops.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The phosphorus and potassium dissolving bio-organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
30% -40% of livestock manure;
20% -30% of kitchen waste;
15% -25% of turf;
15% -20% of straw powder;
1% of monopotassium phosphate;
1% of zeolite powder;
1% of lime;
3% -5% of boron mud;
1% of gypsum.
2. The method for preparing the biological organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the biological organic fertilizer comprises the steps of preparing bacillus megatherium and bacillus mucilaginosus spore powder, preparing the organic fertilizer and preparing the biological organic fertilizer; wherein, the preparation of the spore powder of the bacillus megaterium and the bacillus mucilaginosus comprises the following steps:
a. primary slant culture: inoculating bacillus megatherium to the slant of a nutrient broth culture medium, inoculating bacillus mucilaginosus to the slant of a silicate bacteria culture medium, and culturing at constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 24 hours to prepare bacterial suspension;
b. secondary seed culture: inoculating the bacterial suspension into a corresponding liquid culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 10%, carrying out constant-temperature shaking table culture, and carrying out shaking table culture at the rotating speed of 180 r/min at 28-30 ℃ for 48-72 hours;
c. preparation of spore powder: spraying the cultured seed liquid on a carrier, drying and bagging at the temperature of below 80 ℃ for later use, and detecting the number of spores, wherein the number of the spores is 20-80 hundred million/g;
the preparation of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
a. preparing raw materials:
poultry manure: comprises chicken and duck manure, pig, cattle and sheep manure and dehydration;
kitchen waste: separating solid from liquid for later use;
grass carbon: the grass peat is crushed into 40-60 meshes of powder and dried for later use;
straw powder: crushing crop straws into powder less than 2 cm;
preparing inorganic nutrients: monopotassium phosphate, zeolite powder, lime, boric sludge and gypsum;
b. preparing raw materials:
mixing 30-40% of livestock and poultry manure, 20-30% of kitchen waste, 15-25% of grass carbon, 15-20% of straw powder, 1% of monopotassium phosphate, 1% of zeolite powder, 1% of lime, 3-5% of boric sludge and 1% of gypsum uniformly according to the weight ratio, adjusting the water content to 50-60%, and stacking the mixture into a fermentation tank;
c. fermentation: putting the mixed raw materials into a fermentation tank, uniformly adding enzyme bacteria, and mechanically turning; fermenting for 2 weeks; the highest fermentation temperature is 68-75 ℃; carrying out secondary fermentation for 1-2 weeks, carrying out micro-aerobic fermentation, and controlling the temperature at 48-55 ℃;
d. drying and crushing: drying the fermented material at the temperature of below 80 ℃ until the water content is 18-23%, crushing and sieving the material to obtain the material with the fineness of 60-80 meshes for later use;
the preparation of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
adding prepared bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus spore powder with the weight ratio of 1:1 into the prepared organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 5-10 percent, ensuring that the total number of live bacteria reaches more than 5000 ten thousand per gram, and the number of live bacteria of each bacterium reaches more than 2000 ten thousand per gram; and (4) fully and uniformly stirring by using a stirrer, and bagging to prepare the biological organic fertilizer.
3. The use method of the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is suitable for grain, economic, fruit and vegetable, forest and flower crops;
the fertilizing method of the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) hole application and furrow application: ditching or digging a pit after soil is prepared, firstly scattering a fertilizer, uniformly stirring the fertilizer and the soil, and then sowing or planting seedlings;
(2) dressing: one side around the root system of the crop or ditching is carried out, and the soil is covered after the biological organic fertilizer is applied;
(3) dispensing: the fertilizer is blended with farmyard manure to completely replace chemical fertilizer;
(4) early application: the fertilizer is applied to soil several days in advance and then sowed or planted, and the fertilizer effect is the best.
4. The method for fertilizing a bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the fertilizer application method strictly prohibits applying the fertilizer on the surface layer of the soil, and the fertilizer is applied after ploughing; the fertilization method should keep the soil moist with the best effect.
5. The method for fertilizing a bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
the fertilizing amount of the fertilizing method is specified as follows:
when the biological organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 140kg-200kg of the biological organic fertilizer is applied per mu;
when the fertilizer is used for topdressing, 50kg-100kg per mu.
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