TWI775420B - A method of fertilizer application - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a method of fertilizer application, composing the following steps: respectively applying an enzyme to multiple different types of fertilizer material to obtain multiple different types of ingredients; mixing the ingredients in different proportions to obtain multiple different types of complex fertilizers; respectively applying the complex fertilizers to soil to obtain multiple different types of soil samples; analyzing the soil samples to obtain the result of analyzation disclosing the nutrition contents of those soil samples; comparing those nutrition contents with a crop need for applying fertilizers, and selecting a subject complex fertilizer from multiple different types of the complex fertilizers; and applying the subject complex fertilizer to the crop.

Description

Fertilization method

The present disclosure pertains to a method of applying fertilizer. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a method of applying fertilizer which can accurately know the nutrient amount of the applied fertilizer.

The known production process of organic fertilizers can be divided into two categories: organic fertilizers that have undergone microbial fermentation and organic fertilizers that have not undergone microbial fermentation. The so-called fertilizer obtained through the microbial fermentation process refers to the fertilizer obtained through the composting method. On the other hand, the so-called fertilizer obtained without microbial fermentation process refers to the residues of dried animals, plants or microorganisms.

Specifically, the traditional composting method is to decompose the raw materials into nutrients by mixing raw materials with soil, and using enzymes secreted by various microorganisms in the soil to decompose the raw materials. In this process, microorganisms use organic matter to obtain energy sources such as nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon sources, and release greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide or methane. However, the traditional composting method does not have a specific enzyme control system, and it generally takes 2 to 4 months, which is very time-consuming. Moreover, the composting requires a lot of space, so the space is not fully utilized efficiently. Furthermore, odorous gas and dirty water may be generated during the fertilizer preparation process, which will affect the cleanliness of the environment. In addition, the microorganisms and their enzyme activities in traditional composting are affected by the humidity and temperature in the external environment. Therefore, fertilizers produced by the composting method in different seasons have great differences in the degree of decomposing, and the quality cannot be precisely controlled.

In addition, whether conventional organic fertilizers are microbially fermented or not microbially fermented, it is difficult to accurately grasp the release amount or release time of nutrients in the fertilizer. Therefore, after the application of organic fertilizers, "top dressing" is often required during the growth period of the crops, that is, supplementary fertilizers are added to meet the nutrient needs of the crops in all stages of the growth period. However, top dressing is extremely labor-intensive. Before applying fertilizers, it is necessary to constantly grasp the nutrient content in the soil, in order to evaluate the specific nutrient fertilizers that need to be applied and the time point of applying fertilizers, so as to achieve timely, appropriate and appropriate supplementation to crops. fertilizer.

In addition to the pressure of manpower and time costs, the current fertilization methods also need to consider the nutrient requirements of crops in various stages of the growth period. Therefore, there is still hope in the field to develop methods for more precise application of fertilizers.

In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a fertilization method which is different from the traditional fertilization method, and the fertilization method can adjust the release amount and release time of nutrients in the fertilizer more accurately than the conventional method.

In order to achieve the above object, the present disclosure provides a fertilization method, which includes the following steps: applying an enzyme to a plurality of types of fertilizer raw materials to obtain a plurality of ingredients; mixing the ingredients in different proportions to obtain a plurality of types of compound fertilizers; adding these compound fertilizers to soil respectively to obtain a plurality of soil samples; testing the soil samples to obtain a test result, which discloses the nutrient content of the soil samples; comparing the soil samples according to the fertilization requirements of a crop to select a target compound fertilizer from a plurality of types of compound fertilizers; and apply the target compound fertilizer to the crop.

Preferably, the fertilizer raw material is biomass.

Preferably, the biomass is chicken manure, cow manure or wood chips for fungal culture.

Preferably, the enzymes are hydrolases, synthetases, transferases, polymerases, or a combination of two or more of the foregoing enzymes.

Preferably, the enzyme is a mixture of decomposing enzyme, synthetic enzyme, inverting enzyme and polymerizing enzyme, and the mixing ratio is 1-5:1-5:1-5:1-5 in terms of weight ratio.

Preferably, the compound fertilizers are prepared by mixing the ingredients obtained from chicken manure and the ingredients obtained from cow manure in a weight ratio of 1:2 to 3:1.

Preferably, the compound fertilizers are prepared by mixing the ingredients prepared from chicken manure and the ingredients prepared from wood chips for fungal culture in a weight ratio of 1:2 to 3:1.

Preferably, the compound fertilizers are prepared by mixing the ingredients prepared from cow dung and the ingredients prepared from wood chips for fungal culture in a weight ratio of 1:2 to 3:1.

Preferably, these compound fertilizers are ingredients prepared from chicken manure, ingredients prepared from cow dung, and ingredients prepared from wood chips for fungal culture, each in a ratio of 1-6:1-3:1-3. The weight ratio is mixed.

Preferably, the nutrient is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium or a combination of two or more of the foregoing nutrients.

Preferably, the crops are fruit trees or vegetables.

In the fertilization method of the present disclosure, by detecting the types and contents of nutrients released in the soil by a plurality of compound fertilizers prepared by mixing ingredients in different proportions (ie, a single fertilizer), it can be clearly known that the compound fertilizers are used in a unit time. The released nutrient content, and according to the fertilization requirements of the target crop and the test results, the compound fertilizer suitable for the target crop is selected for fertilization, so that the fertilization method disclosed in the present disclosure can more accurately adjust the release amount of nutrients in the fertilizer compared with the traditional method. and release time.

All technical and scientific terms used in the present disclosure have the same meanings as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, unless otherwise specified in the present disclosure.

In order to provide the nutrients required by crops more accurately, the present disclosure develops a fertilization method, which includes the following steps: applying an enzyme to a plurality of types of fertilizer raw materials to prepare a plurality of ingredients; mixing the ingredients in different proportions , to prepare multiple types of compound fertilizers; adding these compound fertilizers to soil respectively to obtain multiple soil samples; testing the soil samples to obtain a test result, which discloses the nutrient content of the soil samples; according to a The fertilization requirements of crops are compared to these nutrient contents to select a target compound fertilizer from a plurality of types of compound fertilizers; and the target compound fertilizer is applied to the crop.

The fertilizer raw materials used in the present disclosure can release nutrients after being made into ingredients (single fertilizers), and their sources and types are not particularly limited. In one possible aspect, the feedstock for fertilizer production is organic matter obtained from living organisms, so-called biomass. In a feasible aspect, the fertilizer raw materials are extracted from non-living or inorganic compounds and minerals by chemical synthesis methods. In a possible aspect, the organism from which the biomass is derived is an animal, plant or microorganism. In a feasible aspect, the organism is poultry such as chicken, duck, goose, turkey, ostrich, pigeon; livestock such as cattle, pig, deer, rabbit, sheep, horse, donkey; fish, shrimp, shellfish, etc. and other aquatic products. In a feasible aspect, the biomass is an organism, or its excrement, excreta, or waste generated during aquaculture. In one possible aspect, the organism is sugar cane, sugar beet, corn, wheat, sorghum, soybean, cassava, rice, miscanthus, tree, algae. In a specific aspect, the biomass is chicken manure, cow manure or wood chips for fungal culture. In a feasible aspect, the biomass contains constituents such as proteins, carbohydrates (monosaccharides, disaccharides, hemicelluloses, cellulose), lignin, lipids and waxes.

The traditional composting method is to directly mix the raw materials with the soil, which requires a long time, intensive labor and large space, and the external environmental conditions affect the growth of microorganisms in the soil, making it difficult to control the quality of the fertilizer. In order to reduce labor costs, shorten the process time, and prepare fertilizers with stable quality, the present disclosure adopts the method of applying enzymes to fertilizer-making raw materials to prepare fertilizers. The enzymes used in the present disclosure are not particularly limited as long as they are effective. In one possible form, the enzymes are hydrolases, synthetases, transferases, polymerases, or two or more of the foregoing (such as two, three, or four) combination. In a specific aspect, the lytic enzyme is a proteolytic enzyme, a lipolytic enzyme, a cellulolytic enzyme, an amylolytic enzyme, a lignin-lytic enzyme, or two or more of the foregoing enzymes (such as two, three, four, or five) ) combination. In a specific aspect, the synthetic enzymes are Asuccinyl-CoA synthetase, glutamine synthetase, Holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS), tetraisopentane geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase, humification enzyme, or a combination of two or more of the aforementioned enzymes (such as two, three, four or five). In a specific aspect, the converting enzymes are GGPP (Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate transferase), glutathione S-transferase (GST), hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT), isoprene Diene transferase (trans-prenyl transferase), amino transferase (amino transferase) or a combination of two or more of the aforementioned enzymes (such as: two, three, four or five). In a specific aspect, the polymerase is a dehydrogenation polymerase.

In a preferred embodiment, the enzymes added to the fertilizer raw material are a mixture of decomposing enzymes, synthetic enzymes, inverting enzymes and polymerizing enzymes. In a practicable aspect, the ratio of the catabolic enzyme, the synthetic enzyme, the inverting enzyme and the polymerase is an integer ratio of 1-5:1-5:1-5:1-5 by weight. In a specific aspect, the ratio of catabolic enzyme, synthetic enzyme, inverting enzyme and polymerase is 1:1:1:1, 2:1:1:1, 1:2:1:1, 1 by weight :1:2:1 or 1:1:1:2. In a specific aspect, the ratio of lytic enzyme, synthetic enzyme, inverting enzyme and polymerase is 2:2:1:1, 1:2:2:1, 1:1:2:2 or 2 by weight :1:1:2. In a specific aspect, the ratio of lytic enzyme, synthetic enzyme, inverting enzyme and polymerase is 2:2:2:1, 1:2:2:2, 2:1:2:2 or 2 by weight :2:1:2.

The process of applying enzymes to fertilizer raw materials can be controlled according to needs. In a feasible aspect, after adding enzymes to the fertilizer raw materials, the two are thoroughly mixed with a mixer. In one possible aspect, the total process time for adding the enzymes to the fertilizer raw material and mixing the two is 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, or 3.5 hours. In a feasible aspect, the mixer continuously mixes the fertilizer raw material and the enzyme while heating to 60, 70, 75, 80, 85 or 90°C. In one possible aspect, the humidity of the process of applying the enzymes to the fertilizer feedstock and mixing the two is 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 or 80%. In a possible aspect, the pH of the process of applying the enzymes to the fertilizer raw material and mixing the two is 6.0, 6.2, 6.4, 6.6, 6.8, 7.0, 7.2, 7.4, 7.6, 7.8, 7.9 or 8.0. After fully mixing multiple types of fertilizer raw materials with enzymes (and sterilizing if necessary), multiple ingredients can be obtained.

The types and contents of nutrients contained in these ingredients were tested respectively. The detection method for the types and contents of nutrients in ingredients includes the following steps: taking ingredients samples and soaking them in deionized water, then oscillating heating, filtering through filter paper, and analyzing the nutrient types and contents in the filtered liquid by analytical method. In a practical aspect, the nutrient species in the analysis ingredient samples are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe) , manganese (Mn), boron (B), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn), chlorine (Cl) or two or more of the aforementioned nutrients (such as: two, three, four, five) combination. In a preferred aspect, the nutrient species in the analysis ingredient sample are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), or a combination of two or more of the foregoing nutrients (such as two or three). In a possible aspect, the analytical method is NIEA W423.52C analytical method or ICP analytical method. According to the test results of the nutrients in the ingredients, the most suitable enzymes for making fertilizers can be obtained. When two or more enzymes are used in combination, the optimal ratio of enzymes can be obtained according to the test results of nutrients in the ingredients.

Soil was added to these ingredients and soil samples were taken at certain times. The soil samples were tested to obtain the types and contents of nutrients released by various ingredients at different time points, which were used as a reference for the ratio of mixing various ingredients. In a practicable form, the testing method for soil samples is the same as the testing method for ingredients.

These ingredients are mixed in different proportions to make multiple types of compound fertilizers. In a possible aspect, the ingredients are ingredients made from chicken manure, ingredients made from cow dung, or ingredients made from wood chips for fungal culture. In a feasible aspect, the compound fertilizer is the ingredient prepared from chicken manure and the ingredient prepared from wood chips for fungal culture, in an integer ratio of 1:2 to 3:1 by weight (such as: 1 : 2, 1: 3, 2: 3) mixed. In a feasible aspect, the compound fertilizer is the ingredient made from cow dung and the ingredient made from wood chips for fungal culture, in an integer ratio of 1:2 to 3:1 by weight (such as: 1:1:1). 2, 1:3, 2:3) mixed. In a preferred aspect, the compound fertilizers are the ingredients made from chicken manure and the ingredients made from cow manure, and the ratio of each integer in the range of 1:2 to 3:1 by weight (such as: 1:1:1) 2, 1:3, 2:3) mixed. In a feasible aspect, the compound fertilizer is the ingredient prepared from chicken manure, the ingredient prepared from cow dung, and the ingredient prepared from wood chips for fungal culture, and the ratio is 1-6:1-3:1 by weight The integer ratios in ~3 (such as: 2:2:3, 3:2:2, 4:2:3, 5:2:3) are mixed.

These compound fertilizers were each added to the soil to obtain a plurality of soil samples. The soil samples are regularly tested to obtain test results revealing the types and contents of nutrients in the soil samples. Thereby, the types and contents of nutrients released by the compound fertilizers into the soil samples in a unit time can be known. The detection method of the soil sample can be the same as the detection method of the aforementioned fertilizer. For example, to detect nitrogen content in soil samples, the NIEA W423.52C analytical method can be used. Likewise, in order to detect the nitrogen content in the aforementioned fertilizers, the NIEA W423.52C analytical method can be used.

According to the fertilization requirements of a crop, these nutrient contents are compared to select a target compound fertilizer from a plurality of types of compound fertilizers. The crop system can be agronomic crops, horticultural crops, and commercial forest trees, but is not limited thereto. The crop system can be soybean or peanut of oil; corn or sweet potato of starch; cotton or kapok of fiber; oak or teak of wood; sugar cane or maple of sugar; pepper or chili of spice; Dye-type saffron or turmeric; sap-type rubber tree; ornamental-type flower bed plants, trellis plants, aquatic plants, but not limited thereto. Preferably, the crops are fruit trees or vegetables (eg, leafy vegetables or fruit vegetables). Crops require different types and contents of nutrients at different stages of growth. After selecting a specific crop and understanding the types and contents of nutrients required at each stage, compare the release time and release content of the nutrient types in the soil samples after applying compound fertilizers, and select a nutrient type from multiple types of compound fertilizers The compound fertilizer whose release time and release content meet the nutrient requirements of the crop is used as the target compound fertilizer to be applied to the crop.

The fertilization method of the present disclosure can clearly know the nutrient content released by the compound fertilizers in a unit time by detecting the types and contents of nutrients released in the soil by a plurality of compound fertilizers prepared by mixing ingredients in different proportions. , and according to the fertilization requirements of the target crops and the detection results, the compound fertilizer suitable for the target crops is selected for fertilization, so that the fertilization method disclosed in the present disclosure can more accurately adjust the release amount and release time of nutrients in the fertilizer compared with the traditional methods.

[Example]

Fertilizer raw materials and enzymes

The fertilizer raw materials selected in the present disclosure are chicken manure, cow manure and wood chips for cultivation of fungi, among which the wood chips of Lentinus edodes are used as an example of wood chips for cultivation of fungi. The reason for the selection is that these types of raw materials are representative raw materials with high and low nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and decomposability, as shown in Table 1. The above-mentioned raw materials are respectively adjusted to have a moisture content of 50%, and are to be mixed with enzymes.

Table 1 Nutrient content Decomposability chicken manure high high cow dung middle middle Mushroom Sawdust Low Low

The present disclosure selects a combination of four kinds of enzymes, namely hydrolases, synthetases, transferases, and polymerases. The characteristics of these enzymes are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 catalyzing enzymes Hydrolytic enzymes of proteins (EC 3.4.), fats (EC 3.1.), carbohydrates (EC 3.2), etc. synthetic enzymes Synthesis of bonded synthetic enzymes such as CO (EC 6.1), CS (EC 6.2), CN (EC 6.3), CC (EC 6.4) invertase Transamination (EC 2.6) and transmethylation (EC 2.1) enzymes, which are an inverting enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of amino groups and methyl groups polymerase Polyphenol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation and polymerization of phenols

Example 1: Preparation of ingredients

Chicken dung, cow dung, and shiitake mushroom sawdust, which are the raw materials for fertilizer production, are weighed by 1 kg each, and the enzyme mixture containing 2% of the total raw material is added to each fertilizer raw material, and stirred with a mixer to make it evenly mixed. The ratio of degradative enzymes (at least one of protease, cellulase, and ligninase), synthetic enzymes (humic enzymes), invertases (aminotransferases) and polymerases (dehydrogenases) in the aforementioned enzyme mixture By weight, they are 1:1:1:1, 2:1:1:1, 1:2:1:1, 1:1:2:1 and 1:1:1:2. The fertilizer raw materials mixed with enzymes are heated to 80 ℃, reacted for 2.5 hours, and then sterilized for 30 minutes to obtain various ingredients made by mixing various fertilizer raw materials with different ratios of enzyme mixtures. The total contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in various ingredients were detected respectively. The detection method includes the following steps: take 100 grams of the aforementioned ingredients and add them to deionized water for soaking, then shake and heat at 60° C. for 30 minutes, and filter with 125 mm sartorius stedim No.393 filter paper. The filtered liquid was analyzed by NIEA W423.52C analysis method, ICP analysis method, and ICP analysis method to detect the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, respectively. The test results of the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in various ingredients are shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Test results of total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in various ingredients Fertilizer raw materials Enzyme ratio* nitrogen phosphorus Potassium Percentage of total content (%) chicken manure 1:1:1:1 30 20 twenty one 2:1:1:1 37 25 27 1:2:1:1 twenty four 13 17 1:1:2:1 20 15 20 1:1:1:2 26 18 20 cow dung 1:1:1:1 20 16 33 2:1:1:1 27 20 39 1:2:1:1 17 12 30 1:1:2:1 13 11 25 1:1:1:2 17 14 30 Mushroom Sawdust 1:1:1:1 11 9 18 2:1:1:1 16 11 25 1:2:1:1 9 7 16 1:1:2:1 7 6 11 1:1:1:2 8 7 17 Note* refers to the weight ratio of catabolic enzymes, synthetic enzymes, inverting enzymes, and polymeric enzymes.

The results show that catalyzing enzymes, synthetic enzymes, inverting enzymes, and polymerizing enzymes are mixed in different proportions, and then react with the three fertilizer raw materials, and the resulting ingredients will release nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in different content ratios. The results show that when the mixing ratio of enzymes is 2:1:1:1, the best ingredients for releasing nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be obtained.

Embodiment 2: Detection of nutrient content released by various ingredients in soil within a certain period of time

Weigh 3 kinds of fertilizer raw materials by 10 kg each, and then add 80 grams of decomposition enzymes, 40 grams of synthetic enzymes, 40 grams of invertase, and 40 grams of polymerase enzymes into these fertilizer raw materials. 2:1:1:1), and then according to the method of Example 1, three kinds of ingredients can be obtained. 10 kg of soil was added to each of these ingredients, and then sterilized water was added until the moisture content of the mixture of ingredients and soil was 50%. The mixture of ingredients and soil was placed in a dark incubator at 25° C. for 360 days, during which 100 grams of soil samples were taken every 30 days for detection, and the detection method was the same as that in Example 1. With the ingredients prepared from chicken manure, cow manure and shiitake mushroom sawdust, the detection results of the types and contents of nutrients released at different time points are shown in Table 4, Table 5 and Table 6, respectively.

Table 4: Nutrient release results of ingredients prepared from chicken manure days nitrogen phosphorus Potassium Percentage of total accumulated content (%) 0 37 25 27 30 45 41 40 60 57 51 52 90 69 58 63 120 74 63 69 150 78 69 72 180 81 74 77 210 85 76 80 240 87 80 84 270 90 83 87 300 93 85 91 330 95 87 94 360 97 90 96

Table 5: Nutrient release results for ingredients made from cow dung days nitrogen phosphorus Potassium Percentage of total accumulated content (%) 0 27 20 39 30 38 30 42 60 43 36 46 90 50 43 51 120 57 49 56 150 61 52 61 180 68 59 65 210 73 65 71 240 78 73 75 270 85 80 83 300 89 84 87 330 92 89 91 360 96 92 95

Table 6: Nutrient release results of ingredients prepared from shiitake mushroom sawdust days nitrogen phosphorus Potassium Percentage of total accumulated content (%) 0 16 11 25 30 20 19 31 60 27 25 34 90 32 30 38 120 39 36 43 150 46 40 48 180 51 51 53 210 61 60 63 240 73 75 73 270 80 81 80 300 85 84 85 330 89 87 89 360 94 92 95

This result shows that the nutrient content released at each time point is not the same during the 360-day incubation period of the ingredients prepared with chicken manure, cow manure, and shiitake mushroom sawdust. The ingredients made from chicken manure can release more than 50% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients on the 60th day, which shows that the enzymes in the ingredients made from chicken manure can decompose the fertilizer raw materials quickly. The ingredients made from cow dung take 90 to 120 days before the release of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients can reach about 50%. It takes about 180 days to make the ingredients from shiitake sawdust.

Example 3: Detection of Nutrient Content Released by Multiple Compound Fertilizers in Soil within a Certain Time

The three ingredients prepared in Example 2 were mixed in different proportions to prepare multiple types of compound fertilizers. The mixing ratios of ingredients prepared from chicken manure, ingredients prepared from cow dung, and ingredients prepared from mushroom sawdust are 1:1:1, 2:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:1:1, 1:1: 1:2, 3:1:1, 4:1:1, 5:1:1, 2:1:0, 2:0:1, 2:2:0, 0:1:1. Next, each of these compound fertilizers was added with 10 kilograms of soil, and then sterilized water was added until the water content of the mixture of compound fertilizer and soil was 50%. The mixture of compound fertilizer and soil was placed in a dark incubator at 25 °C for 360 days, during which 100 grams of soil samples were taken every 30 days for detection. shown in Table 9.

Table 7 days Chicken Dung: Cow Dung: Mushroom Sawdust 1:1:1 2:1:1 1:2:1 1:1:2 3:1:1 4:1:1 5:1:1 2:1:0 2:0:1 2:2:0 1:2:1 Release of total nitrogen (N) nutrient total accumulation percentage (%) 0 26.7 29.3 26.8 24.0 30.8 31.8 32.6 33.7 30.0 32.0 21.5 30 34.3 37.0 35.3 30.8 38.6 39.7 40.4 42.7 36.7 41.5 29.0 60 42.3 46.0 42.5 38.5 48.2 49.7 50.7 52.3 47.0 50.0 35.0 90 50.3 55.0 50.3 45.8 57.8 59.7 61.0 62.7 56.7 59.5 41.0 120 56.7 61.0 56.8 52.3 63.6 65.3 66.6 68.3 62.3 65.5 48.0 150 61.7 65.8 61.5 57.8 68.2 69.8 71.0 72.3 67.3 69.5 53.5 180 66.7 70.3 67.0 62.8 72.4 73.8 74.9 76.7 71.0 74.5 59.5 210 73.0 76.0 73.0 70.0 77.8 79.0 79.9 81.0 77.0 79.0 67.0 240 79.3 81.3 79.0 77.8 82.4 83.2 83.7 84.0 82.3 82.5 75.5 270 85.0 86.3 85.0 83.8 87.0 87.5 87.9 88.3 86.7 87.5 82.5 300 89.0 90.0 89.0 88.0 90.6 91.0 91.3 91.7 90.3 91.0 87.0 330 92.0 92.8 92.0 91.3 93.2 93.5 93.7 94.0 93.0 93.5 90.5 360 95.7 96.0 95.8 95.3 96.2 96.3 96.4 96.7 96.0 96.5 95.0

Table 8 days Chicken Dung: Cow Dung: Mushroom Sawdust 1:1:1 2:1:1 1:2:1 1:1:2 3:1:1 4:1:1 5:1:1 2:1:0 2:0:1 2:2:0 0:1:1 Released Phosphorus (P) Nutrient Total Accumulation Percentage (%) 0 18.7 20.3 19.0 16.8 21.2 21.8 22.3 23.3 20.3 22.5 15.5 30 30.0 32.8 30.0 27.3 34.4 35.5 36.3 37.3 33.7 35.5 24.5 60 37.3 40.8 37.0 34.3 42.8 44.2 45.1 46.0 42.3 43.5 30.5 90 43.7 47.3 43.5 40.3 49.4 50.8 51.9 53.0 48.7 50.5 36.5 120 49.3 52.8 49.3 46.0 54.8 56.2 57.1 58.3 54.0 56.0 42.5 150 53.7 57.5 53.3 50.3 59.8 61.3 62.4 63.3 59.3 60.5 46.0 180 61.3 64.5 60.8 58.8 66.4 67.7 68.6 69.0 66.3 66.5 55.0 210 67.0 69.3 66.5 65.3 70.6 71.5 72.1 72.3 70.7 70.5 62.5 240 76.0 77.0 75.3 75.8 77.6 78.0 78.3 77.7 78.3 76.5 74.0 270 81.3 81.8 81.0 81.3 82.0 82.2 82.3 82.0 82.3 81.5 80.5 300 84.3 84.5 84.3 84.3 84.6 84.7 84.7 84.7 84.7 84.5 84.0 330 87.7 87.5 88.0 87.5 87.4 87.3 87.3 87.7 87.0 88.0 88.0 360 91.3 91.0 91.5 91.5 90.8 90.7 90.6 90.7 90.7 91.0 92.0

Table 9 days Chicken Dung: Cow Dung: Mushroom Sawdust 1:1:1 2:1:1 1:2:1 1:1:2 3:1:1 4:1:1 5:1:1 2:1:0 2:0:1 2:2:0 0:1:1 Released potassium (K) nutrient total accumulation percentage (%) 0 30.3 29.5 32.5 29.0 29.0 28.7 28.4 31.0 26.3 33.0 32.0 30 37.7 38.3 38.8 36.0 38.6 38.8 39.0 40.7 37.0 41.0 36.5 60 44.0 46.0 44.5 41.5 47.2 48.0 48.6 50.0 46.0 49.0 40.0 90 50.7 53.8 50.8 47.5 55.6 56.8 57.7 59.0 54.7 57.0 44.5 120 56.0 59.3 56.0 52.8 61.2 62.5 63.4 64.7 60.3 62.5 49.5 150 60.3 63.3 60.5 57.3 65.0 66.2 67.0 68.3 64.0 66.5 54.5 180 65.0 68.0 65.0 62.0 69.8 71.0 71.9 73.0 69.0 71.0 59.0 210 71.3 73.5 71.3 69.3 74.8 75.7 76.3 77.0 74.3 75.5 67.0 240 77.3 79.0 76.8 76.3 80.0 80.7 81.1 81.0 80.3 79.5 74.0 270 83.3 84.3 83.3 82.5 84.8 85.2 85.4 85.7 84.7 85.0 81.5 300 87.7 88.5 87.5 87.0 89.0 89.3 89.6 89.7 89.0 89.0 86.0 330 91.3 92.0 91.3 90.8 92.4 92.7 92.9 93.0 92.3 92.5 90.0 360 95.3 95.5 95.3 95.3 95.6 95.7 95.7 95.7 95.7 95.5 95.0

The above results show that the compound fertilizer prepared by mixing ingredients at 5:1:1, 2:1:0 or 2:2:0 can release more than 40% of total nitrogen in the 30th day. The compound fertilizer prepared by mixing ingredients in 2:1:0 can provide phosphorus the fastest. The compound fertilizer prepared by mixing ingredients at 2:2:0 can provide potassium the fastest. The compound fertilizer prepared by mixing the ingredients at 1:1:2 or 1:2:1 releases the nutrient content of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium slowly, and it takes 90 to 120 days to release the nutrient nitrogen and potassium above 50% ( Table 7 and Table 9), it takes 150 days to release more than 50% of nutrient phosphorus (Table 8).

Embodiment 4: Select the target compound fertilizer according to the needs of crops

After the table of the test results of nutrient release time and content of multiple compound fertilizers is established, the target compound fertilizer can be selected from the table of test results according to the amount of nutrients required in different stages of the target crop's growth period.

The general principle of compound fertilizers required in the growing season of crops: the whole period of leafy vegetables or the young fruit period of fruit trees requires nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium release amount is high: medium: low. For example, the nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium release of compound fertilizers in 30 days is at least 8% (for example: 8% ~ 15%): 6% ~ 8%: 2% ~ 3%. The nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium release is low: high: high in the middle fruiting stage of fruit vegetables or fruit trees. For example: Nitrogen: Phosphorus: Potassium release of compound fertilizers in 30 days is 2% to 3%: at least 8% (for example: 8% to 15%): at least 8% (for example: 8% to 15%). Professionally, it is still necessary to determine the exact amount of fertilizer applied based on the results of soil properties and nutrient content and plant analysis.

For example, vegetable seedlings require a lot of nitrogen fertilizers, so it is suitable to apply compound fertilizers prepared by mixing ingredients in 5:1:1, 2:1:0 or 2:2:0. The seedling stage of flowers and vegetables requires a large amount of phosphate fertilizer, so it is suitable to apply the compound fertilizer prepared by mixing the ingredients in 2:1:0. Root vegetables require a large amount of potassium fertilizer, so it is suitable to apply a compound fertilizer prepared by mixing ingredients in a 2:2:0 ratio. For crops with long growth period or perennial crops, such as fruit trees and asparagus, it is suitable to apply compound fertilizer prepared by mixing ingredients in 1:1:2 or 1:2:1.

By analogy, as long as the period and ratio of total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of nutrients required by crops, the pre-built tables that disclose soil sample nutrients (such as Table 7, Table 8, and Table 9) can be found. By choosing the most suitable combination from among them, the purpose of providing rapid production and precise release of long-acting organic matter fertilizer can be achieved. Even with the fertilization method disclosed in the present disclosure, it is possible to find out the optimal ratio of enzyme mixing in response to different types of fertilizer raw materials and enzymes, and then build a nutrient release table of compound fertilizers in this way, which can also accurately target crops. Apply fertilizer.

The fertilization method of the present disclosure can clearly know the nutrient content released by the compound fertilizers in a unit time by detecting the types and contents of nutrients released in the soil by a plurality of compound fertilizers prepared by mixing ingredients in different proportions. , and according to the fertilization requirements of the target crops and the detection results, the compound fertilizer suitable for the target crops is selected for fertilization, so that the fertilization method disclosed in the present disclosure can more accurately adjust the release amount and release time of nutrients in the fertilizer compared with the traditional methods. Because of this, fertilizing with the fertilizing method of the present disclosure can also reduce the occurrence of "top dressing", thereby reducing labor and time costs.

none

none

Claims (11)

A fertilization method comprising the following steps: A plurality of types of fertilizer raw materials are respectively applied with an enzyme to obtain a plurality of ingredients; The ingredients are mixed in different proportions to obtain multiple types of compound fertilizers; adding these compound fertilizers to soil respectively to obtain a plurality of soil samples; testing the soil samples to obtain a testing result that reveals the nutrient content of the soil samples; Comparing these nutrient contents according to the fertilization requirements of a crop to select a target compound fertilizer from a plurality of types of compound fertilizers; and Apply the target compound fertilizer to the crop. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein the fertilization raw material is biomass. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein the biomass is chicken manure, cow manure or wood chips for fungal culture. The fertilizing method of claim 1, wherein the enzymes are hydrolases, synthetases, transferases, polymerases, or a combination of two or more of the foregoing enzymes. The fertilization method according to claim 4, wherein the enzyme is a mixture of decomposing enzymes, synthetic enzymes, inverting enzymes and polymerases, and the mixing ratio is 1-5:1-5:1- 5:1 to 5. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizers are prepared by mixing chicken manure ingredients and cow manure ingredients in a weight ratio of 1:2 to 3:1. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizers are the ingredients prepared from chicken manure and the ingredients prepared from wood chips for fungal culture, and are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:2 to 3:1. made. The fertilization method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizers are prepared from cow dung ingredients and fungi cultured wood chips, each of which is mixed in a weight ratio of 1:2 to 3:1. to make. The fertilization method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizers are ingredients prepared from chicken manure, ingredients prepared from cow dung, and ingredients prepared from fungal culture wood chips, each of which is between 1 to 6: 1～3: The weight ratio of 1～3 is mixed. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, or a combination of two or more of the foregoing nutrients. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein the crops are fruit trees or vegetables.